A&P 1 Ch 11- Straighterline

Arrange the events of synaptic transmission in correct sequence. 1) Sodium ions diffuse into the cell and cause a local potential 2) Neurotransmitter binds with receptor on postsynaptic cell 3) Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft 4) Membrane permeability to sodium ions on postsynaptic cell increase 5) Action potential causes release of neurotransmitter 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 5, 2, 3, 1, 4 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 5, 3, 2, 4, 1

5, 3, 2, 4, 1

There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves and _____ pairs of spinal nerves. 10; 30 31; 12 12; 31 30; 10 12; 32

12; 31

Protein synthesis in neurons occurs in Axons Dendrites Cell bodies or soma Terminal boutons Node of Ranvier

Cells bodies or soma

Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills? Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system None of these choices is correct

Central nervous system

The peripheral nervous system includes the Brain Spinal cord Cranial nerves Blood-brain barrier Cerebellum

Cranial nerves

Hydrocephaly is a condition whereby cerebrospinal fluid accumulates around the brain. What supportive cells continue CSF production despite it backing up in the subarachnoid space? Astrocytes Microglial cells Oligodendrocytes Macrophages Ependymal cells

Ependymal cells

A person who has seizures might have a deficit of which of the following? GABA Dopamine Glutamine Serotonin Histamine

GABA

Cell bodies of the peripheral nervous system are located in Ganglia Schwann cells The motor division The sensory division Nerves

Ganglia

Groups of related nerve cell bodies located outside of the central nervous system are called Ganglia Plexus Tracts Nerves

Ganglia

The autonomic nervous system Stimulates skeletal muscle contractions Has two sets of neurons in a series Is involved in problem solving Is under voluntary control Does not include the central nervous system

Has two sets of neurons in a series

Axons Contain the nucleus Are numerous extensions from each neuron Do not have a trigger zone Have a distal portion that branches to form the presynaptic terminals Do not have a resting membrane potential

Have a distal portion that branches to form the presynaptic terminals

The absolute refractory period ends when Inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ ion channels reopen Activation gates of voltage-gates Na+ ion channel reopen The sodium-potassium exchange pump stops Voltage-gated K+ channels open None of these choices is correct

Inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ ion channels open

When a neuron releases a neuromodulator that _____ the release of neurotransmitters from another neuron, this is called presynaptic facilitation. Increases Decreases

Increases

A neuron within the central nervous system that carries action potential from one neuron to another is called a(n) Motor neuron Sensory neuron Afferent neuron Efferent neuron Interneuron

Interneuron

The central nervous system Is the site for processing information Initiates visual and auditory stimuli Consists of 43 pairs of nerves Is totally voluntary Does not interact with the peripheral nervous system

Is the site for processing information

Which of the following is mismatched? Microglia- Provide support for the neuron cell body Astrocytes- Blood-brain barrier Oligodendrocytes- Form myelin sheaths Ependymal cells- Produce cerebrospinal fluid Ependymal cells- Choroid plexus

Microglia- Provide support for the neuron cell body

The motor neurons responsible for making a fist are Tripolar Bipolar Multipolar Pseudo-unipolar None of these choices are correct

Multipolar

The figure illustrates the Action Potential. What does "E" represent? Repolarization Depolarization Local potential Threshold Afterpotential

Afterpotential

The nervous system Monitors internal and external stimuli Transmits information in the form of action potentials Interprets or assesses information Maintains homeostasis All of these choices are correct

All of these choices are correct

Which of the following statements regarding voltage-gated K+ channels is true? These channels have only one gate These channels open more slowly than Na+ channels Once open, these channels are specific for potassium All of these statements are true

All of these statements are true

A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called An all-or-none response A graded response A latent period response A relative frequency response A local response

An all-or-none response

Which of the following events will lead to repolarization? An increase in K+ ions in the extracellular fluid A decrease in K+ ions in the extracellular fluid An increase in the rate of diffusion of K+ ions from cells An increase in Na+ ions in the extracellular fluid None of these events would cause depolarization

An increase in K+ ions in the extracellular fluid

Dendrites Are the input part of the neuron Conduct action potentials away from the cell body Are generally long and unbranched Form synapses with the microglia Contain the trigger zone

Are the input part of the neuron

Nissl bodies are Part of a dendrite Also called gemmules Lipid droplets Areas of rough endoplasmic reticulum Part of the Golgi apparatus

Areas of rough endoplasmic reticulum

LouAnn is being treated for a neurological condition with specific drug that target neurons deep within the brain. Which glial cell must be bypassed by this drug in order for it to be effective? Astrocyte Microglial cell Oligodendrocyte Ependymal cell Macrophage

Astrocyte

A change in the resting membrane potential has the following characteristics (non-propagated, graded, can summate). This type of change can Be a local potential Be an action potential Be a consequence of an increase in the permeability to Na+ Result in repolarization Be a local potential and a consequence of an increase in the permeability to Na+

Be a local potential and a consequence of an increase in the permeability to Na+

What ion is necessary for the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles? Chloride Sodium Potassium Calcium

Calcium

The enteric nervous system consists of plexuses within the walls of the Brain Spinal cord Digestive tract Urinary bladder

Digestive tract

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) can result from the Influx of calcium ions Influx of sodium ions Influx of chloride Outflow of potassium ions Either influx of chloride or outflow of potassium ions

Either influx or chloride or outflow of potassium ions

Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors) Prevent synaptic transmission Enhance the breakdown of norepinephrine Enhance the binding of norepinephrine to its receptors Prevent the release of norepinephrine by the presynaptic terminal Have no effect on the action of norepinephrine

Enhance the breakdown of norepinephrine

Gaps or interruptions in the myelin sheath are called Internodes Tight junctions Neurofilaments Nodes of Ranvier Gap junctions

Nodes of Ranvier

Clusters of gray matter deep within the brain are called Cortices Nerves Ganglia Nuclei

Nuclei

Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder in which myelin sheaths in the CNS are destroyed. Which of the following neurological cells is being damaged in multiple sclerosis? Astrocyte Microglial cell Oligodendrocyte Ependymal cell Schwann cells

Oligodendrocyte

When repolarization of a neuron is complete, the Neuron dies Neuron regenerates Cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane Original polarity of the neuron is restored Neuron is no longer excitable

Original polarity of the neuron is restored

Which type of circuit is associated with complex neuronal processes, such as solving mathematical equations? Converging Diverging Parallel after-discharge Reverberating

Parallel after-discharge

Digestion of food is regulated by the Sensory division Sympathetic division of the ANS Parasympathetic division of the ANS Somatic nervous system None of these choices are correct

Parasympathetic division of the ANS

The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "E" represent? Postsynaptic membrane Synaptic cleft Synaptic vesicle Voltage-gated calcium channel Presynaptic terminal

Postsynaptic membrane

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would Enhance transmission across the synapse Reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse Have no effect on the transmission across the synapse Alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane Increase exocytosis

Reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse

The figure illustrates the Action Potential. What does "C" represent? Repolarization Depolarization Local potential Threshold Afterpotential

Repolarization

Neurons arranged in a circular pathway form Neuromotor junctions Temporal circuits Reverberating circuits Spatial pathways

Reverberating circuits

Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes in which of the following ways? Schwann cells form myelin; oligodendrocytes do not Oligodendrocytes are only found in the PNS; Schwann cells are only found in the CNS Schwann cells form sheaths around several axons, while oligodendrocytes form sheaths around only one axon Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons None of these choices are true differences

Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons

A neuron that conducts pain sensations to the central nervous system would be classified as a(n) Motor neuron Sensory or afferent neuron Efferent neuron Association neuron Interneuron

Sensory or afferent neuron

Which of the following is mismatched? Central nervous system- brain Autonomic nervous system- sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions Peripheral nervous system- spinal nerves Somatic nervous system- sensory division of PNS Peripheral nervous system- sensory and motor divisions

Somatic nervous system- sensory division of PNS

The central nervous system includes the Ganglia Spinal cord Spinal nerves Cranial nerves Sensory receptors

Spinal cord

The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "B" represent? Postsynaptic membrane Synaptic cleft Synaptic vesicle Voltage-gated calcium channel Presynaptic terminal

Synaptic vesicle

The same neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic cell but produces a variety of different effects. What does this mean? The postsynaptic cell is expressing different types of receptors for the same neurotransmitter The strength of the neurotransmitter varies The amount of neurotransmitter released produces varying effects The size of the postsynaptic cell makes a difference in neurotransmitter effects The neuron must be dying

The postsynaptic cell is expressing different types of receptors for the same neurotransmitter

Which of the following is true? The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+ The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell Negatively charge Cl- ions are attracted by negative charges in the cell The purpose of the sodium-potassium exchange pump is to create an equilibrium of ion concentrations

The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell

Axons contain The trigger zone Foot processes Nissl bodies The soma The rough endoplasmic reticulum

The trigger zone

The plasma membrane of a neuron is more permeable to potassium ions because Of its positive electrical charge There are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+ Protein molecules cannot exit through the cell membrane Calcium ions block Na+ and Cl- channels There are more leak ion channels for Na+ than K+

There are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+

The motor (efferent) division of the peripheral nervous system Is a division of the CNS Regulates the digestion of food Transmits impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscle Has nerve cell bodies located in ganglia near the spinal cord and brain Detects a stimulus

Transmits impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscle

Which of the following is true? Unmyelinated axons rest in invaginations of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes Myelination will not influence the speed of conduction of action potential The myelin sheath inhibits the flow of electrical charges at nodes The myelin sheath is a protein wrapping The myelin sheath does not electrically insulate the axons from one another

Unmyelinated axons rest in invaginations of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes