A&P 1 Test!

1) ______ is considered the oldest medical science. A) Anatomy B) Biology C) Physiology D) Cytology E) Embryology

A) Anatomy

78) What is the homeostatic regulation, and what is its physiological importance?

It refers to adjustments in physiological systems that are responsible for the preservation of a constant internal environment. This provides a favorable environment for the body's cells

49) While standing in the anatomical position, a) front refers to anterior b) front refers to ventral c) back refers to posterior d) back refers to dorsal e) all of the answers are correct

e) all of the answers are correct

20) Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ___ system. a) lymphatic b) urinary c) digestive d) cardiovascular e) nervous

c) digestive

23) In general, the nervous system does each of the following, except a) help to maintain homeostasis b) respond rapidly to change c) direct long-term responses to change d) direct very specific responses e) interpret sensory information

c) direct long-term responses to change

41) Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks? a) pelvic b) cephalic c) gluteal d) lumbar e) thoracic

c) gluteal

44) A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the a) kidney b) lungs c) heart d) spleen e) leg

c) heart

25) The central principle of physiology is a) nutrition b) reflexes c) homeostasis d) stimulation e) temperature regulation

c) homeostasis

21) Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ____ system. a) skeletal b) muscular c) integumentary d) endocrine e) immune

c) integumentary

58) Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity? a) stomach b) small intestine c) ovary d) spleen e) pancreas

c) ovary

19) Which organ systems removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream? a) cardiovascular b) lymphatic c) respiratory d) digestive e) endocrine

c) respiratory

14) Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation? a) integumentary b) muscular c) skeletal d) nervous e) endocrine

c) skeletal

10) Cardiovascular function is an example of a) histophysiology b) organ physiology c) systemic physiology d) pathological physiology e) physiological chemistry

c) systemic physiology

46) The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is a) the mediastinum b) sagittal on the brachium c) transverse at the hips d) midsagittal on the trunk e) superior to the thorax

c) transverse at the hips

74) The common term fro the buccal region is the ____.

cheek

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions called _____.

homeostasis

37) An anatomical term that means the same as ventral: a) posterior b) inferior c) abdominal d) anterior e) superior

d) anterior

28) A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n) a) receptor b) thermoregulator c) hypothalamus d) effector e) stimulus

d) effector

40) The chin is ____ to the nose. a) anterior b) superior c) posterior d) inferior e) medial

d) inferior

7) Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in ____ anatomy. a) gross b) surface c) microscopic d) pathological e) regional

d) pathological

57) The right pleural cavity contains: a) heart b) trachea c) left lung d) right lung e) both lungs

d) right lung

53) The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the a) pelvic and thoracic b) cranial and sacral c) lateral and medial d) thoracic and abdominopelvic e) dorsal and ventral

d) thoracic and abdominopelvic

17) The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ____ system. a) endocrine b) digestive c) respiratory d) urinary e) lymphatic

d) urinary

66) The study of the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is called ______.

developmental anatomy

71) When homeostatic mechanisms fail, an individual will experience the symptoms of _____.

disease

77) The common name for the patella is the _____.

kneecap

Anatomy uses a special language called _______. that involves the use of word roots prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in health and disease.

medical terminology

73) A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) _____ section.

parasagittal

The branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions is called _____.

physiology

72) A person lying face down is in the ____ position.

prone

Homeostasis regulation usually involves a(n) _____ that decides a particular stimulus, and a(n) _____ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus

receptor; control center or integration

35) Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region? a) right hypochondriac b) right inguinal region c) left lumbar d) left hypochondriac e) upper

upper

75) The common term for the carpal region is the ____.

wrist

80) Name the organs found in the thoracic cavity.

lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, major blood vessels connected to the heart

1) The smallest stable units of matter are A) atoms. B) molecules. C) protons. D) neutrons. E) electrons.

A) atoms

19) The molecule NO is known as A) nitric oxide. B) noxious oxide. C) noxious oxygen. D) nitric oxygen. E) nitrous oxide.

A) nitric oxide

79) During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. The initial response that increases blood flow is automatic and independent of the nervous and endocrine systems. Which type of homeostatic regulation is this and why?

Autoreuglation. When oxygen levels decline in a tissue, the cells release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels. This dilation increases the rate of blood flow and provides more oxygen to the region even before responses from the nervous or endocrine system take place.

8) The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to ________ electrons. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8

B) 2

15) By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body? A) oxygen B) carbon C) hydrogen D) nitrogen E) calcium

B) carbon

9) Radioisotopes have unstable A) ions. B) nuclei. C) isotopes. D) electron clouds. E) protons.

B) nuclei

2) The "atomic number" of an atom is determined by the number of ________ it has. A) electrons B) protons C) neutrons D) protons + neutrons E) protons + electrons

B) protons

12) The atomic number represents the number of A) electrons in an atom. B) protons in an atom. C) neutrons in an atom. D) protons and neutrons in an atom. E) chemical bonds the atom may form.

B) protons in an atom.

17) If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is A) 26. B) 16. C) 18. D) 8. E) 12.

C) 18.

13) Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2. It is chemically stable because it A) is neutral in electrical charge. B) readily ionizes to react with other atoms. C) has a full outer electron shell. D) will form a covalent bond with another He atom. E) lacks electrons, thus the He atom is stable.

C) has a full outer electron shell.

4) One mole of any element A) has the same mass. B) has the same weight. C) has the same number of atoms. D) has the same number of electrons. E) All of the answers are correct.

C) has the same number of atoms

6) Isotopes of an element differ in the number of A) protons in the nucleus. B) electrons in the nucleus. C) neutrons in the nucleus. D) electron clouds. E) electrons in energy shells.

C) neutrons in the nucleus

10) By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body? A) sulfur B) sodium C) oxygen D) potassium E) carbon

C) oxygen

3) Anatomy is to ____ as physiology is to ____. A) function; form B) form; structure C) structure; function D) structure; form E) growth; form

C) structure; form

14) Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus? A) helium B) neon C) argon D) hydrogen E) carbon

D) hydrogen

16) The mass of an atom is largely determined by the number of ________ it has. A) electrons B) protons C) neutrons D) protons + neutrons E) protons + electrons

D) protons + neutrons

5) The nucleus of an atom consists of A) electrons. B) protons. C) neutrons. D) protons + neutrons. E) protons + electrons.

D) protons + neutrons

7) The mass number represents the number of A) protons in an atom. B) electrons in an ion. C) neutrons in an atom. D) protons + neutrons. E) neutrons + electrons.

D) protons + neutrons

11) Indicate which of these lists contains only trace elements. A) sulfur, chlorine, oxygen B) selenium, hydrogen, calcium C) boron, oxygen, carbon D) silicon, fluorine, tin E) cobalt, calcium, sodium

D) silicon, fluorine, tin

65) The _____ serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary.

Internation Anatomical Terminology

______ regulation occurs when the activities of organs are regulated locally.

Intrinsic or Auto

18) If an element is composed of atoms with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, then a neutral atom of this element contains A) 6 protons. B) 8 electrons. C) 8 neutrons. D) 6 protons and 8 electrons. E) 6 protons and 8 neurons.

E) 6 protons and 8 neurons.

2) Which of the following study methods are useful for anatomy and physiology courses? A) Read the lecture sections before class B) Devote a bloc of time for study C) Do not procrastinate D) Develop memorization skills E) All answers are correct

E) All answers are correct

3) The "atomic weight" of an atom reflects the average number of A) protons. B) neutrons. C) electrons. D) protons + neutrons. E) protons + neutrons + electrons.

E) protons + neutrons + electrons

70) ____ regulation results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system.

Extrinsic

15) Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells? a) cardiovascular b) digestive c) muscular d) respiratory e) urinary

a) cardiovascular

12) Organ physiology is to ___ as gross anatomy is to ____. a) cell physiology; microscopic anatomy b) macroscopic anatomy; unbalance c) equilibrium; macroscopic anatomy d) balance; equilibrium e) imbalance; microscopic anatomy

a) cell physiology; microscopic anatomy

4) The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called: a) cytology b) histology c) embryology d) physiology e) anatomy

a) cytology

18) The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ____ system. a) endocrine b) cardiovascular c) respiratory d) lymphatic e) digestive

a) endocrine

33) The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the a) hypothalamus b) skin c) temperature sensor d) positive feedback center e) thermostat

a) hypothalamus

27) When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of a) negative feedback b) positive feedback c) nonhomeostatic regulation d) diagnostic regulation e) fever

a) negative feedback

59) Visceral pericardium is located a) on the heart itself b) lining the pleural cavity c) lining the pericardial cavity d) on the lung itself e) lining the peritoneal cavity

a) on the heart itself

47) Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe a) one body part in relation to another b) surgical procedures c) a supine position d) the nervous system e) living matter

a) one body part in relation to another

61) Identify a structure located within the mediastinum a) pericardial cavity b) small intestine c) lung d) spleen e) stomach

a) pericardial cavity

The liver is primarily located in the ____ quadrant. a) right upper b) left upper c) right lower d) left lower e) hepatic

a) right upper

9) The study of the function of specific organ systems is called ____ a) systemic physiology b) organ physiology c) cell physiology d) pathological physiology e) histology

a) systemic physiology

32) An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be a) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus b) sweat gland that increase secretion c) regulatory centers that send commands to an effector d) effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate e) sweat glands that act like effectors

a) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus

62) The branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts is called _____.

anatomy

22) A chemical imbalance int eh body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that a) all organisms are composed of cells b) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent c) chemical molecules make up cells d) blood has magical properties e) congenital defects can be life-threatening

b) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent

39) The wrist is ____ to the elbow. a) proximal b) distal c) lateral d) medial e) horizontal

b) distal

8) The study of the first two months of development is termed ___ a) histology b) embryology c) cytology d) pathology e) organology

b) embryology

26) The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed a) positive feedback b) homeostasis c) negative feedback d) effector control e) integration

b) homeostasis

56) Which of the following organs is located between the peritoneum and the body wall? a) stomach b) kidney c) urinary bladder d) large intestine e) spleen

b) kidney

38) The heart is ____ to the lungs a) lateral b) medial c) posterior d) proximal e) distal

b) medial

30) If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ____ feed back system. a) deficit b) negative c) neutral d) polarized e) positive

b) negative

55) The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the a) pericardium b) peritoneum c) pleura d) mediastinum e) abdomen

b) peritoneum

29) This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal a) negative b) positive c) neutral d) depressing e) all of the answers are correct

b) positive

24) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? a) releases chemical messengers called hormones b) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system c) produces effects that last for days or longer d) produces an effect tha tinvolves several organs or tissues at the same time e) important homeostatic system

b) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system

6) The study of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body is called ____ anatomy. a) surface b) regional c) surgical d) pathological e) radiographic

b) regional

45) A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the ____ position. a) prone b) supine c) anatomical d) dorsal e) caudal

b) supine

5) The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ____ anatomy. a) gross b) surface c) systemic d) regional e) surgical

b) surface

The diaphragm separates the ___ from the ____. a) pleural cavity, mediastinum b) thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity c) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity d) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity e) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity

b) thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity

48) While standing erect, the direction of caudal is a) toward the head b) toward the heel c) lateral to the trunk d) medial to the sides e) posterior to the head

b) toward the heel

36) A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the a) supine position b) prone position c) anatomical postion d) frontal position e) sagittal position

c) anatomical position

11) The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to a) physiology b) regional anatomy c) cytology d) systemic anatomy e) radiographic anatomy

c) cytology

51) The urinary bladder is found in the ____ quadrant and the ___ quadrant. a) right upper; right lower b) left upper; left lower c) right upper; right lower d) left upper; right upper e) right lower; left lower

e) left lower

16) Which organ system inclues the spleen and the tonsils? a) digestive b) endocrine c) nervous d) cardiovascular e) lymphatic

e) lymphatic

13) Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest? a) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism b) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism c) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism d) organ, oragnism, olecular, cellular, tissue, system e) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

e) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

42) Which of the following terms refers to the foot? a) cervical b) brachial c) antebrachial d) femoral e) pedal

e) pedal

34) The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except: a) right upper quadrant (RUQ) b) right lower quadrant (RLQ) c) left upper quadrant (LUQ) d) left lower quadrant (LLQ) e) pelvic quadrant

e) pelvic quadrant

54) The thoracic cavity contains the a) coelom b) pericardial cavity c) pelvic cavity d) pleural cavities e) pericardial and pleural cavities

e) pericardial and pleural cavities

31) If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a _____ feedback system. a) deficit b) negative c) neutral d) polarized e) positive

e) positive

43) Which plane divides the body into right and left parts? a) proximal b) frontal c) orthogonal d) transverse e) sagittal

e) sagittal

60) The mediastinum a) contains the pleural cavities b) separates the pleural cavities c) contains the pericardial cavity d) contains the pleural cavities and pericardial cavity e) separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity

e) separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity

81) Name the two upper abdominal quadrants and list the organs that lie in each.

right upper quadrant: right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of stomach, large and small intestines left upper quadrant: left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of large intestine

76) The common name for the pollex is the _____.

thumb