A&P 2 CH 18

If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely A. decrease. B. not change. C. increase.

A

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate A. the wrong blood type was used. B. the recipient had type AB blood. C. the donor had type O blood. D. there were no agglutinins (antibodies) in the recipient blood.

A

When over 10% of the body's blood has been lost, a survival response occurs involving activation of the ________ nervous system. A. sympathetic B. parasympathetic C. somatic

A

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? A: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies B: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present C: Always has Rh (D) antigen D: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present E: Is inherited independent of the ABO group

B, E

Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of _______ .

Basic, proteins

Two of the four globin chains in the hemoglobin molecule are called alpha chains and the other two are called ________________ chains.

Beta

The heme group from the phagocytized erythrocyte is converted into a green pigment called________________.

Biliverdin

Which depicts the order of cell formation in erythropoiesis? A: Proerythroblast B: Normoblast C: Myeloid stem cell D: Reticulocyte E: Erythroblast F: Mature erythrocyte

C, A, E, B, D, F

Movement of leukocytes between the endothelial blood vessel cells into the body tissues is called _____________.

Diapedesis

The test that measures the amount of each type of leukocyte in the blood is a __________ count.

Differential

The iron that has been transferred to the liver after the aged erythrocytes were phagocytized is stored by the protein _______________.

Ferritin

Fibrin, which is produced from the plasma protein _______________, helps form blood clots

Fibrinogen

The percentage of volume of red blood cells is called the _______________.

Hematocrit

The process of hemopoiesis starts with hemopoietic stem cells called ________________.

Hemocytoblasts

The molecule to which both oxygen and carbon dioxide can attach in an erythrocyte is called _________________.

Hemoglobin

The rupture of erythrocytes is called ____________.

Hemolysis

???? A _______________ (singular) is the name for the cylinder shape that erythrocytes form as they line up in single file for passage through the smallest blood vessels.

Roueau

When clotting proteins are removed from plasma, the remaining fluid is called _____________.

Serum

_______________ is a growth factor that stimulates both the production of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and the subsequent formation of platelets

Thrombopoietin

_______________ is a growth factor that stimulates both the production of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and the subsequent formation of platelets.

Thrombopoitin

The iron of the heme unit of hemoglobin is transported in the blood by the protein _________________ after the aged erythrocytes are phagocytized.

Transferrin

Blood helps regulate the pH and the temperature of the body. True False

True

The ABO and Rh blood types are inherited independently of each other. True False

True

Which are the most numerous of the leukocytes? A. Eosinophils B. Monocytes C. Lymphocytes D. Neutrophils E. Basophils

D

Surface antigens found on erythrocytes are also called _____________ based on the response initiated when they interact with antibodies.

Agglutinogens

How many globins (protein building blocks) are found in a single hemoglobin molecule? A. 8 B. 4 C. 6 D. 1 E. 2

B

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will A. increase. B. decrease.

B

Prostacyclin is an eicosanoid that acts as a A. platelet attractant. B. platelet repellant.

B

The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of leukocytes in the blood. A. platelets in the blood. B. erythrocytes in the blood. C. plasma in the blood. C. all formed elements in the blood.

B

The most numerous of the formed elements are the A. basophils. B. erythrocytes. C. albumins. D. platelets. E. neutrophils.

B

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called A. leukocytosis. B. hemopoiesis. C. agglutination. D. erythroblastosis. E. leukopenia.

B

Which are the least numerous of the leukocytes? A. Eosinophils B. Basophils C. Neutrophils D. Lymphocytes E. Monocytes

B

Which of the following is a step within the common pathway of blood clotting? A. Calcium combines with factor IX. B. Prothrombin is activated to thrombin. C. Factor III combines with factor VII. D. Factor XII converts inactive factor XI to active factor XI.

B

An individual's hematocrit would vary with A. age. B. altitude. C. All of the choices are correct. D. sex

C

During platelet plug formation, platelets begin to stick to A. proconvertin with the assistance of factor IX. B. prostacyclin with the assistance of thromboxane A2. C. collagen with the assistance of von Willebrand factor. D. collagen with the assistance of prothrombin. E. prostacyclin with the assistance of activated factor V.

C

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the A. globulins. B. prothrombins. C. albumins. D. fibrinogens. E. endocrine hormones.

C

To compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous system triggers A. vasodilation and an increase in heart rate. B. vasodilation and a decrease in heart rate. C. vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate. D. vasoconstriction and a decrease in heart rate.

C

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies? A. Regulation B. Prevention C. Protection D. Transportation

C

____________ is the attraction of leukocytes to a site of infection due to the presence of molecules released by damaged cells, dead cells, or invading pathogens.

Chemotaxis

A malnourished person might have abnormally low levels of plasma proteins. As a result, colloid osmotic pressure A. increases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space. B. decreases, and so blood volume is abnormally high. C. increases, and so blood volume is abnormally high. D. decreases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space.

D

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the A. lung. B. spleen. C. liver. D. liver and spleen. E. spleen and lung.

D

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to A. decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. B. increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. C. decrease the blood pressure in the arteries. D. increase the viscosity of the blood. E. increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood.

D

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to A. increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood. B. decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. C. decrease the blood pressure in the arteries. D. increase the viscosity of the blood. E. increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

D

Platelets play a key role in _________, but if they are not used they are broken down after about ________ days. A. hematopoiesis, 120 B. hemostasis, 120 C. hematopoiesis, 9 D. hemostasis, 9

D

The agglutinogens (or antigens) that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are A. located in the cytosol of the leukocytes. B. located on the surface of the leukocytes. C. part of the reticular connective tissue of the spleen. D. found on the surface of erythrocytes. E. found in the cytosol of the erythrocytes.

D

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called A. leukocytosis. B. leukopenia. C. erythroblastosis. D. hemopoiesis. E. agglutination.

D

Congenital hemolytic anemia is A. characterized by significantly decreased formation of erythrocytes and hemoglobin due to defective red bone marrow. B. caused by a failure of the body to absorb Vitamin B12. C. characterized by a large number of immature, nucleated cells. D. when there is an inherited anemia associated with a defect in iron uptake. E. when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal.

E

Extensions from megakaryocytes that extend through blood vessel walls in red marrow are sliced off from the cells by the force of blood flow. These extensions are A. reticulocytes. B. late erythroblasts. C. promegakaryocytes. D. myeloid stem cells. E. proplatelets.

E

How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin? A. 2 B. 8 C. 16 D. 6 E. 4

E

The most numerous of the formed elements are the A. neutrophils. B. platelets. C. albumins. D. basophils. E. erythrocytes.

E

Making up 2 to 4 percent of the leukocytes, the ___________ increase in number when they react to or phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes or allergens.

Eosinophils

The antigen-antibody reaction is an example of the regulation function of blood. True False

False

The extrinsic pathway is a clotting system that is initiated by chemicals that come from outside the body. True False

False

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the _______________ to increase the rate of production and maturation of erythrocyte progenitor and erythroblast cells.

Kidney

A reduced number of leukocytes causes a serious disorder called ____________.

Leukopenia

The production of leukocytes is called _______________.

Leukopoiesis

Among the three categories of lymphocytes, it is the _____________ killer cells that attack abnormal and infected tissue cells.

Natural

__________ are the most numerous type of leukocyte in the blood.

Neutrophils

When a finger is pricked, the blood will quickly stop flowing because of the action of the formed elements called ______________.

Platelets