A&P 2 Ch. 24 & 25

Bile is continuously produced by?

liver

Intrinsic factor is secreted by the organ called the

stomach

Place the segments of the small intestine in the order of which food travels.

1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

Identify the structures that chyme will pass through, starting with the small intestine and ending with elimination.

1. Ileocecal Junction 2. Cecum 3. Colon 4. Rectum 5. Anal canal

The hepatic lobule is a _____-sided structure with a ______ triad at each corner and a central vein located in the center of each lobule.

6, portal

Digestion

Breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts

Identify the mismatched pair of enzyme and substrate below.

Carboxypeptidase - lipids

The beginning of the large intestine is the ___________

Cecum

The region of the large intestine located at the proximal end, where the large intestine meets the small intestine, is the _________.

Cecum

The large intestine consists of the _________ , and the anal canal.

Cecum, colon, rectum

____________ digestion breaks covalent bonds in organic molecules through the action of digestive enzymes.

Chemcial

Identify the features of the small intestine that function to increase surface area and thus enhance digestion and absorption.

Circular folds Villi Microvilli

What are the basic functions of the digestive system?

Defecation Mastication Absorption Ingestion Digestion

Which are functions of the liver?

Detoxification of harmful substances Production of bile Production of blood proteins including clotting factors Nutrient storage Conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates Phagocytosis of worn out red and white blood cells

Bile is produced by the liver to aid in ____________.

Digestion

Trypsin

Digests protein

The majority of nervous stimulation of the digestive system comes from the_________

Enteric nervous system

Identify the structures of the digestive tract that are lined with stratified squamous epithelium.

Esophagus Anal Canal Mouth Oropharynx

Pancreatic lipase

Fat digestion

Mass movements

Forcible movements that move the contents of the large intestines

Which part of the stomach is superior to the cardiac opening of the stomach?

Fundus

Identify the functions of mucus secretion in the large intestine.

Helps fecal matter stick together Protects intestinal lining Lubricates colon wall

Sympathetic nerves __________ the secretion of enzyme-rich pancreatic juices.

Inhibit

The muscle that acts to open the jaw is the __________.

Lateral pterygoid

Which of the following movements of the digestive tract will help to propel food from one end of the digestive tract to the other?

Mass movements Deglutition Peristalsis

List the tunics of the digestive tract from the inside to the outside.

Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa

Peristalsis

Muscular contractions consisting of a wave of relaxtion of circular muscles followed by a wave of contraction of circular muscles.

Segmental contractions

Muscular contractions that move food back and forth within the digestive tract to mix it with digestive secretions.

The epithelium that lines the esophagus is __________.

Nonkeratinized

The liver stores ________.

Nutrients

Identify the process by which water is absorbed in the small intestine.

Osmosis

Most lipase is secreted by the _____________.

Pancreas

Identify the structures that secrete lipase.

Pancreas Lingual Glands

Identify the types of enzymes secreted by the small intestine.

Peptidases Disaccharidases

Identify the types of movements that occur within the small intestine.

Peristaltic contractions Segmental contractions

Select the three phases of swallowing. Select all that apply.

Pharyngeal phase Esophageal phase Voluntary phase

pancreatic amylase

Polysaccharide digestion

Mastication

Process by which teeth break food into smaller particles to increase the total surface area

The cecum is at the ______ end of the large intestine.

Proximal

Which of the following functions to mix food with digestive secretions?

Segmental contractions

Name the outermost or most superficial layer of the organs in the digestive tract.

Serosa Adventitia

What muscle type makes up most of the muscularis of the gastrointestinal tract?

Skeletal muscles

Identify the structures of the digestive tract that are lined with simple columnar epithelium.

Small Intestine Large Intestine Stomach

Pepsin is secreted by the __________.

Stomach

Identify the functions of the gallbladder.

Storage of bile Concentration of bile

The salivary glands directly beneath the tongue are called _______ glands.

Sublingual

Ingestion

The intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach

Describe the effects of food intake on the stomach.

The rugae flatten and the stomach volume increases.

Describe the membranes that line the abdominal cavity.

These are serous membranes that secrete a serous lubricating fluid.

True or False: Villi and microvilli of the small intestine serve to increase surface area to allow for greater digestion and absorption.

True

Identify the factors that stimulate production of pancreatic juices.

Vagus nerve Cholecystokinin Secretin

The gastrointestinal tract is also called the _________

alimentary canal

The semi-fluid material within the stomach that is a mixture of ingested food and gastric secretions is called

chyme

The esophagus is in the ____________.

mediastinum

Propulsion

movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other

Absorption

movement of molecules from the digestive tract into the circulation of lymphatic system

What is deglutition?

moves a mass of food or liquid from the oral cavity to the esphogagus.

The tunic of the digestive tract that forms its lining is the ______________.

mucosa

Acetylcholine, norepinephrine and serotonin are ________ that affect digestive tract __________.

neurotransmitters, motility

The serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal cavity is the _______ peritoneum.

parietal

The network of nerve cells in the submucosa that regulates intestinal secretions is called the

submucosal plexus

The muscularis of the stomach consists of _____ layers; however, the muscularis of the majority of the digestive tract consists of _____ layers.

three, two

In some parts of the digestive tract, the serosa is also the ____________ peritoneum.

visceral