A&P 2 chapter 18 exam 2

Stage 2 hypertension results in resting blood pressure us higher than:

140/90 mm Hg

Determine the net filtration pressure (NFP) if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 40 mm Hg and the colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg. 45 mm Hg 65 mm Hg 15 mm Hg 25 mm Hg

15 mm Hg

Which of the following statements about capillaries is INCORRECT? The velocity of blood flow increases as blood flows into capillaries. Capillaries are more numerous than large vessels in the body. Capillaries are the site of nutrient exchange. Capillaries have a large total cross-sectional area.

The velocity of blood flow increases as blood flows into capillaries

Which of the following factors does not contribute to venous blood return?

Contractions of the right ventricle of the heart

Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter?

Metarteriole

A poison that breaks down capillary tight junctions, allowing blood proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, will cause what change in the net filtration pressure?

Net filtration pressure will greatly increase, leading to massive fluid loss from the blood into the interstitial fluid.

Under what conditions will the myogenic mechanism slow blood flow into a capillary bed?

Rising arteriolar pressure

One mechanism that increases the rate venous blood returns to the heart is by

Skeletal muscle pumps

_____ increase the diameter of a blood vessel

Vasodilation

In which direction will water move when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of a capillary?

Water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration.

Which of the following hormones decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?

acetylcholine

A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following?

an increase in heart contractility

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?

an increase in heart rate and contractility

a negative feedback mechanism will cause ? if blood pressure drops

an increase in heart rate, stroke volume and vasoconstriction

what causes an increase in peripheral resistance

an obstruction such as plaque decreases the radius of the vessel and therefor increased peripheral resistance

excessive vasodilation can lead to a condition known as

anaphylactic sjock

What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart?

arteries

which vessels typically carry blood away from heart

arteries

________ carry blood away from the heart whereas ______ carry blood toward the heart

arteries veins

which of the following represents the systemic flow of most blood

artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, vein

which hormone is released to decrease blood pressure

atrial natriuretic peptide ANP

Tissue perfusion is largely controlled by ______ to ensure that blood flow meets the cells' needs.

autoregulation

The most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary is _____.

blood colloid osmotic pressure

Water in the blood exerts pressure on the walls of capillaries, generating ________.

blood hydrostatic pressure

The outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels is: blood pressure. blood flow. resistance. cardiac output.

blood pressure

The outward force that the blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels is called

blood pressure

______ is not one of the three main factors that influence blood pressure resistance cardiac output blood reservoirs blood volume

blood reservoirs

What two factors determine the pressure gradient that drives circulation? blood vessel radius and blood vessel length cardiac output and peripheral resistance diastolic pressure and systolic pressure heart rate and stroke volume

cardiac output and peripheral resistance

we're are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located

carotid sinus and aortic arch

which of the following structures connects vessels through vascular anastomoses

collaterals

Which pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as albumin?

colloid osmotic pressure

Which pressure remains the same along the length of a capillary?

colloid osmotic pressure

pulmonary arteries have ______ blood pressure compared to systemic arteries

considerably lower

The physiology of blood flow in the cardiovascular system is known as ________.

hemodynamics

root word means liver

hepat

? portal circulation carries absorbed nutrients to the liver

hepatic

Blood pressure is equivalent to __________.

hydrostatic pressure

? is lower than normal blood pressure

hypotension

decreased cardiac output may lead to?

hypotension

If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity

_____ will not cause an increase in arterial blood pressure

increased arteriolar vasodilation

Most veins below the diaphragm drain into the:

inferior vena cava

Net filtration pressure (NFP) is equal to the:

net hydrostatic pressure minus the net colloid osmotic pressure.

Water can move across capillary walls by __________.

osmosis

The force that pulls water into capillaries is called the __________. blood pressure hydrostatic pressure osmotic pressure filtration pressure

osmotic pressure

The main local autoregulatory mechanism of cardiac muscle tissue is ____.

oxygen

blood flow through the capillary bed is regulated by

precapillary sphincters

blood movement is driven by a _______ gradient

pressure

blood flow is directly proportional to ? and inversely proportionate to?

pressure gradient and resistance

root word means lung

pulmo

the ? circuit transports blood to the lungs

pulmonary

the _____ is the only route in which arteries carry less oxygen than veins.

pulmonary circuit

What type of capillaries have large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest?

sinusoidal capillaries

a ? is used to measure blood pressure and pulse rate

sphygmomanometer

the root word means pulse

sphygo

root word means below

sub

the _____ arteries are located between the clavicles

subclavian

the _____ artery provides blood to small intestine and most of large intestine

superior mesenteric

Which artery supplies the small intestine with blood? hepatic artery inferior mesenteric artery middle mesenteric artery superior mesenteric artery

superior mesenteric artery

The left and right brachiocephalic veins merge to form the __________. inferior vena cava superior vena cava subclavian vein brachiocephalic trunk

superior vena cava

what is edema

swelling

an increase in blood pressure will cause all of the following nerves to send impulses to the medulla oblongata except?

sympathetic nerves

which blood vessel handle the highest blood pressure

systemic arteries

Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure?

systemic arterioles

Tissue perfusion in the heart decreases during ventricular ____ and increases during ventricular ____.

systole diastole

root word means pressure

tension

mary was in a terrible car accident. when the emergency personnel arrives they noticed she had significant blood loss. what was their concern about her blood pressure ?

they were concerned her blood pressure would be extremely low, which could be fatal due to not enough oxygen reaching her cells, leading to organ failure.

large lipid-insoluble molecules cross capillary walls hy

transcytosis

root word ____ means coat

tunica

the innermost layer of blood vessels that is composed of endothelium is known as

tunica intima

arteries have a much thicker? than veins which signifies their role in controlling blood pressure

tunica media

the root word means vessel

vas

a surgeon who repairs damaged blood vessels is called a ______ surgeon

vascular

Most blood is in the

veins

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?

veins

Many individuals suffer from atherosclerosis, an arterial disease that effects large to medium-sized muscular arteries. What does this disease do to the structure of an artery? Atherosclerosis results in inflammation of the arterial wall, causing pain and swelling. Atherosclerosis reduces the amount of connective tissue in the tunica externa, causing the artery to overstretch and rupture. Atherosclerosis weakens the artery wall, causing the artery to widen abnormally or balloon out. Atherosclerosis damages the endothelium by forming plaques, causing the artery to become very narrow, interfering with blood flow.

Atherosclerosis damages the endothelium by forming plaques, causing the artery to become very narrow, interfering with blood flow.

Which of the following hormones does not act to increase blood pressure?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

what is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm ahh and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg

90

what is the average value for mean arterial pressure

95 mm Hg

all of the following pairs correctly match the mechanism affecting blood pressure with its effect except. aldosterone ; decrease blood volume epinephrine ; increased cardiac output angiotensin. 2; increased blood volume norepinephrine ; increased peripheral resistance

Aldosterone; decreased blood volume

which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor? vasodilation of arterioles stretch in the walls of arteries decreased blood oxygen concentration increased blood pressure

decreased blood oxygen concentration

which of the following is detected by a chemoreceptor? stretch in walls of arteries vasodilation of arterioles increased blood pressure decreased blood oxygen concentration

decreased blood oxygen concentration

Which of the following factors influences blood volume?

dehydration

An excess amount of water in the interstitial fluid is known as ____.

edema

root word means intestine

enter

Small solutes can pass through small pores in some capillaries known as ____

feneatrations