A&P 2 Exam 1

An important plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is ________.

albumin

White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as ________.

granulocytes

What is necessary for the transport of oxygen by an erythrocyte?

hemoglobin

In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains ________.

leukocytes and platelets

What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called?

microcirculation

The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the breakdown products of hemoglobin is called ________.

physiologic jaundice

Life at a high altitude, where less oxygen is available, can lead to a red blood cell disorder known as ________.

polycythemia

Blood is ________.

slightly alkaline

What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat?

stroke volume (SV)

Which term means heart contraction?

systole

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called ________. A) antigens B) antibodies C) formed elements D) megakaryocytes

A) antigens

Which formed element is the most abundant in blood? A) erythrocyte B) eosinophil C) platelet D) basophil E) lymphocyte

A) erythrocyte

The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________. A) heart rate to decrease B) heart rate to increase, then decrease C) heart rate to increase D) blood pressure to increase

A) heart rate to decrease

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________. A) hypertension (high blood pressure) B) orthostatic hypotension C) circulatory shock D) myocardial infarction

A) hypertension (high blood pressure)

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh ________. A) positive B) sensitive C) negative D) compatible

A) positive

Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart. A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) common iliac vein D) great saphenous vein

A) superior vena cava

During atrial diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________. A) ventricles B) lungs C) aorta D) pulmonary trunk

A) ventricles

What drains capillary beds? A) venules B) venae cavae C) arterioles D) arteries

A) venules

Which blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient" since it can receive blood types A, B, AB, and O?

AB

Which of the following is often called the pacemaker of the heart? A) Purkinje fibers B) sinoatrial (SA) node C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) D) atrioventricular (AV) node

B) sinoatrial (SA) node

What enzyme joins soluble fibrinogen proteins into long molecules of fibrin during coagulation? A) PF3 B) thrombin C) tissue factor D) prothrombin E) calcium

B) thrombin

Which blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient" since it can receive blood types A, B, AB, and O? A) A B) B C) AB D) O

C) AB

What is the process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump? A) hemostasis B) coagulation C) agglutination D) clotting cascade E) hemolysis

C) agglutination

An important plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is ________. A) thyroglobulin B) fibrin C) albumin D) glucose

C) albumin

An incompetent aortic semilunar valve would allow blood to backflow from the ________. A) right ventricle to the right atrium B) left ventricle to the left atrium C) aorta to the left ventricle D) aorta to the left atrium E) pulmonary trunk to the left ventricle

C) aorta to the left ventricle

The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves. A) semilunar B) pulmonary C) atrioventricular (AV) D) aortic

C) atrioventricular (AV)

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________. A) myocardium B) endocardium C) epicardium D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium E) either endocardium or epicardium

C) epicardium

What long, hairlike molecules form the basis of a clot during coagulation? A) thrombin B) prothrombin C) fibrin D) albumin

C) fibrin

What stem cell gives rise to all formed elements? A) lymphoid stem cell B) megakaryocyte C) hemocytoblast D) myeloid stem cell E) reticulocyte

C) hemocytoblast

The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________. A) left atrioventricular groove B) interatrial septum C) interventricular septum D) right atrioventricular groove

C) interventricular septum

In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains ________. A) leukocytes and erythrocytes B) platelets and erythrocytes C) leukocytes and platelets D) erythrocytes only E) leukocytes only

C) leukocytes and platelets

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation. A) systemic B) cardiac C) pulmonary D) coronary

C) pulmonary

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood. A) tunics B) sphincters C) valves D) shunts

C) valves

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels? A) vasodilation B) no effect C) vasoconstriction D) vasodilation, then vasoconstriction

C) vasoconstriction

A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel is known as ________. A) an embolus B) polycythemia C) hemophilia D) a thrombus E) leukopenia

D) a thrombus

Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart? A) bicuspid (mitral) valve B) tricuspid valve C) pulmonary semilunar valve D) aortic semilunar valve

D) aortic semilunar valve

The atrioventricular valves are closed when ________. A) atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure B) the atria contract C) the ventricles fill with blood D) atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure E) atrial systole occurs

D) atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure

The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________. A) ductus arteriosus B) ligamentum arteriosum C) ductus venosus D) foramen ovale

D) foramen ovale

The two major groups of white blood cells are ________. A) leukocytes and erythrocytes B) platelets and megakaryocytes C) neutrophils and basophils D) granulocytes and agranulocytes E) granulocytes and leukocytes

D) granulocytes and agranulocytes

The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ________. A) hematopoiesis B) erythropoiesis C) homeostasis D) hemostasis

D) hemostasis

Abnormally low levels of white blood cells causes a condition known as ________. A) leukocytosis B) anemia C) thrombocytopenia D) leukopenia

D) leukopenia

What multinucleate cell gives rise to thousands of anucleate fragments known as platelets? A) erythrocyte B) eosinophil C) basophil D) megakaryocyte E) macrophage

D) megakaryocyte

The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________. A) pericardium B) epicardium C) endocardium D) myocardium

D) myocardium

The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the breakdown products of hemoglobin is called ________. A) hemolytic disease of the newborn B) pernicious anemia C) sickle cell trait (SCT) D) physiologic jaundice

D) physiologic jaundice

Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart? A) pulmonary arteries B) superior vena cava C) aorta D) pulmonary veins E) inferior vena cava

D) pulmonary veins

Blood is ________. A) acidic B) cooler than body temperature C) sweet tasting D) composed mostly of white blood cells and platelets E) slightly alkaline

E) slightly alkaline

Why do you think Mrs. Gonzalez was prescribed heparin, an anticoagulant? A) to enhance hematopoiesis B) to inhibit release of erythropoietin C) to enhance the formation of clots D) to increase vascular spasms E) to inhibit the formation of clots

E) to inhibit the formation of clots

Bleeding disorders can result from the lack of ________. A) vitamin B12 B) vitamin A C) vitamin C D) vitamin D E) vitamin K

E) vitamin K

Normal blood pH falls in a range between ________ to ________. A) 7.1; 7.2 B) 7.35; 7.45 C) 7.6; 7.75 D) 7.85; 8.05

B) 7.35; 7.45

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________. A) pulmonary trunk B) aorta C) superior vena cava D) coronary sinus

B) aorta

Which type of granulocyte releases histamine at sites of inflammation? A) eosinophils B) basophils C) neutrophils D) lymphocytes E) monocytes

B) basophils

White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as ________. A) agranulocytes B) granulocytes C) thrombocytes D) megakaryocytes

B) granulocytes

What is necessary for the transport of oxygen by an erythrocyte? A) albumin B) hemoglobin C) granules D) mitochondria

B) hemoglobin

The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________. A) hepatic vein B) hepatic portal vein C) renal vein D) inferior vena cava

B) hepatic portal vein

Which vessel feeds oxygenated blood into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) of the brain? A) external carotid artery B) internal carotid artery C) external iliac artery D) subclavian artery

B) internal carotid artery

What organs are served by the renal arteries and veins? A) ovaries B) kidneys C) testes D) lungs

B) kidneys

Erythrocytes ________. A) possess lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules B) lack a nucleus and most organelles C) are the least common of all formed elements D) travel by diapedesis through the walls of vessels E) clot blood

B) lack a nucleus and most organelles

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart. A) left atrium B) left ventricle C) right atrium D) right ventricle

B) left ventricle

What is the muscular layer of the heart wall? A) epicardium B) myocardium C) fibrous pericardium D) endocardium

B) myocardium

The matrix of blood is called ________. A) buffy coat B) plasma C) erythrocytes D) lymphocytes E) formed elements

B) plasma

The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the ________. A) aorta B) right atrium C) left atrium D) right ventricle E) interventricular septum

B) right atrium

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called ________.

antigens

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.

atria; ventricles

What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles?

chordae tendineae

Oxygenated blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________.

coronary arteries

Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the coronary arteries?

coronary sinus

What hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production?

erythropoietin

What does each femoral vein become as it enters the pelvis?

external iliac vein

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

tricuspid valve

Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected?

tunica media