A&P 2 Final Study Guide (2)

In the pancreas, _______ produce digestive enzymes and the ________ produce insulin and glucagon

Acini; islets

Arrange the following structures in the order air passes through them during inhalation: (1) alveolus (2) respiratory bronchiole (3) alveolar ducts (4) terminal bronchiole

4, 2, 3, 1

Which of the following is not a function of the hepatocytes?

Excretion

Which of the following can be the cause of gastritis, gastric cancer, and peptic ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium.

_______ can cause vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and chemotaxis.

Histamine

What is true of the enteric plexus?

It controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract.

Select the correct statement regarding the lungs.

The left lung contains two lobes while the right lung contains three lobes.

Approximately 90% of the alveolar surface is made up of what type of cells?

Type I pneumocytes

Select the correct statement about the larynx.

When the glottis closes, air is prevented from leaving the lungs.

Select the true statement. a. As alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure (Palv) decreases. b. Constriction of bronchioles assists breathing. c. In expiration, the thoracic volume increases. d. As thoracic volume decreases, alveolar pressure (Palv) decreases. e. Pressure is directly proportional to volume.

a. As alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure (Palv) decreases.

What is the process where molecules move out of the digestive tract into circulation or the lymphatic system?

absorption

From smallest to largest, the correct sequence for the following passageways is

alveoli, respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, bronchioles, bronchi

Air flows out of the lungs because intra-alveolar pressure is greater than _______ during expiration.

barometric air pressure

Select the correct function of the nose. a. producing mucus to trap debris from the air b. initiating the cough reflex c. warming the air and producing mucus to trap debris from the air d. external respiration e. warming the air

c. warming the air and producing mucus to trap debris from the air

The phase of gastric secretion where an increase in secretion of gastric juice occurs due to the anticipation of eating food is called the _____ phase.

cephalic

After food in the stomach is mixed with gastric juices, it forms a semiliquid called

chyme

______ is a measure of the ease with which the lungs and thorax expand.

compliance

What ring of cartilage forms the base of the larynx?

cricoid cartilage

During inspiration, contraction of the diaphragm causes the volume of Mrs. Smith's thoracic cavity to increase and the pleural pressure to decrease. The pressure in her alveoli (Palv) will

decrease below atmospheric pressure (PB), causing air to move into her lungs

What causes redness and heat in an area where inflammation is occurring?

increased blood flow to the area

The body is protected against viral infections by a protein called ______.

interferon

Select the mismatched pair. a. absorption of nutrients - small intestine b. killing microorganisms with lysozyme - stomach c. digestion of carbohydrates - mouth d. production of mucus - esophagus

killing microorganisms with lysozyme - stomach

Which of the following accurately describes the thoracic duct?

largest lymphatic vessel

The _______ does not contain lymphatic tissue?

liver

Select the function of thymosin.

maturation of T-cells

The layers of the digestive tract wall starting with the lumen is

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.

Select the primary sites of nutrient absorption.

the jejunum and duodenum

What occurs when inspiratory muscles contract?

thoracic volume increases

Structurally, what are lymph vessels most similar to?

veins

All of the following are roles of microorganisms in the large intestine, except ______.

wall lubrication