A&P Ch 1-4 Review

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as __________.

Homeostasis

__________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body.

Metabolism

Which of the following contains sodium: A) NaCl B) CH4 C) H2O D) N2 E) H2SO4

NaCl

Which ventral cavity subdivision has no bony protection: A) abdominal B) thoracic C) spinal

abdominal

Which body cavity can be subdivided into four quadrants and nine regions: A) abdominopelvic cavity B) nasal cavity C) orbital cavity D) thoracic cavity E) spinal cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

All __________ have an amine (NH2) group.

amino acids

Which of the following regional terms means the anterior surface of the elbow: A) antecubital region B) scapular region C) gluteal region D) calcaneal region E) vertebral region

antecubital region

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with __________ in humans.

anterior

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans): A) anterior and ventral B) inferior and cranial C) inferior and cephalad D) anterior and dorsal E) superior and caudal

anterior and ventral

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom is called the __________.

atomic mass number

The armpit area is called the __________ region.

axillary

Which of these regions are associated with the parts of the arm: A) acromial, sacral, gluteal B) pelvic, pubic, inguinal C) femoral, popliteal, patellar D) nasal, oral, occipital E) brachial, antecubital, carpal

brachial, antecubital carpal

Monosaccharides join to become a polysaccharide through a chemical reaction called __________.

dehydration synthesis

The __________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the __________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine.

digestive urinary

Which two organ systems include the pancreas: A) reproductive and urinary systems B) urinary and respiratory systems C) digestive and respiratory systems D) digestive and endocrine systems E) endocrine and respiratory systems

digestive and endocrine systems

The region that refers to the fingers and toes is the: A) digital region B) axillary region C) brachial region D) carpal region E) antebrachial region

digital region

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees: A) superior B) medial C) deep D) distal

distal

Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans): A) medial and anterior B) medial and distal C) posterior and intermediate D) superficial and proximal E) distal and proximal

distal and proximal

The cranial and spinal cavities are subdivisions of the __________ cavity.

dorsal

Unsaturated fats contain one or more __________ bonds between carbon atoms.

double

The component of a control system that provides the means for the control center's response (output) is called the __________.

effector

Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as __________ energy.

electrical

The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example of: A) mechanical energy B) radiant energy C) electrical energy D) potential energy E) chemical energy

electrical energy

What is the major function of the urinary system: A) secrete hormones to regulate body processes such as growth and reproduction B) eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the body C) return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system D) produce offspring E) break down food into absorbable units

eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the body

The system that controls and coordinates the body through hormones is the: A) endocrine system B) integumentary system C) skeletal system D) digestive system E) nervous system

endocrine system

The three medial regions of the abdominopelvic cavity are __________, __________, and __________.

epigastric region, umbilical

Which set of regions in the abdominopelvic cavity is medial: A) iliac (inguinal), lumbar, and hypogastric regions B) umbilical, right lumbar, and left lumbar regions C) epigastric, right, and left hypochondriac regions D) right and left iliac (inguinal), and hypogastric regions E) epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions

epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions

The orbital cavities house the __________.

eyes

In anatomical positions, the palms are oriented medially.

false

Proximal means farther from the origin of a body part.

false

The endocrine system is the fast-acting body control system

false

The heel of the foot constitutes the plantar region.

false

The highest level of structural organization in humans is the organ level.

false

The hypogastric region is directly superior to the umbilical region.

false

The maintenance of boundaries between the internal organs of the body and the outside world is achieved by the endocrine system.

false

The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity.

false

Transverse or horizontal sections divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.

false

Enzymes are examples of __________ proteins. State the answer in two ways.

globular functional

Mandy pulled a muscle in the inguinal region. Where is this region: A) groin B) hip C) leg D) thigh

groin

The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the __________ region.

hypogastric

The antebrachial region is __________ to the brachial region.

inferior or distal

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues: A) nervous system B) lymphatic system C) skeletal system D) integumentary system E) endocrine system

integumentary system

The ability to sense changes and react to them is termed __________ or __________.

irritability responsiveness

Anything that has mass and takes up space is considered to be __________.

matter

The epigastric region is __________ to the right hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

medial

A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called: A) median (midsagittal) B) oblique C) coronal D) transverse E) frontal

median (midsagittal)

The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the __________.

mediastinum

The study of the body's small structures using a microscope is called __________.

microscopic anatomy

A __________ section divides the body into equal left and right halves.

midsagittal or medial

Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides: A) muscular system - maintaining boundaries B) nervous system - excretion C) nervous system - responsiveness D) integumentary system - movement E) respiratory system - digestion

nervous system - responsiveness

Isotopes differ from other atoms of the same element only in the number of __________ they possess.

neutrons

Nucleotides contain three components: __________, __________, and __________.

nitrogen-containing base pentose sugar phosphate group

Which of the following is NOT a necessary lifefunction: A) nutrients B) maintaining boundaries C) responsiveness D) movement E) metabolism

nutrients

Which of these regions is NOT associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head: A) occipital B) nasal C) buccal D) oral

occipital

The ribs are located in the: A) right and left pubic regions B) right and left hypochondriac regions C) right and left inguinal regions D) right and left iliac regions E) right and left lumbar regions

right and left hypochondriac regions

The muscular system consists of the: A) muscles in the walls of hollow organs B) skeletal muscles and the muscles of the heart C) muscles of the heart and those in the walls of the hollow organs D) skeletal muscles E) muscles of the heart

skeletal muscle

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell formation, is a function of the: A) muscular system B) integumentary system C) nervous system D) respiratory system E) skeletal system

skeletal system

The dorsal body cavity houses the: A) urinary and reproductive organs B) spinal cord and brain C) heart and lungs D) tongue E) digestive and reproductive organs

spinal cord and brain

Which of these body regions is located on the anterior side of the body: A) gluteal B) sternal C) lumbar D) popliteal

sternal

Blood is categorized as a __________ because it is composed of similar cells with a common function.

tissue

Groups of cells that have a common function are termed __________.

tissues

72) Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity: A) sagittal B) coronal C) ventral D) transverse

transverse

Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback reactions

true

The adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, and parathryoids are glands of the endocrine system.

true

The human body consists of approximately 60% to 80% water.

true

The lymphatic system collects fluids leaked by the cardiovascular system and returns them to the bloodstream.

true

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.

true

There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.

true

The navel is located in the __________ region of the abdominopelvic cavity .

umbilical

Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound: A) protein B) steroid C) triglyceride D) glucose E) water

water

The role of the effector in the negative feedback mechanism is to __________ the stimulus while it __________ the stimulus in the positive feedback mechanism.

decrease, inhibit, or depress enhances or increases

The system that functions in the storage of minerals, such as calcium, is called the __________ system.

skeletal

Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared __________.

unequally

The two major body cavities are __________ and __________.

ventral dorsal

The navel is __________ to the spine.

ventral or anterior

Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change: A) receptor B) effector C) control center D) stimulus E) efferent pathway

receptor

Which of these is NOT a survival need: A) water B) reproduction C) nutrients D) body temperature E) oxygen

reproduction

A solution with a pH of 11.7 is __________ times more basic (alkaline) than a solution with a pH of 8.7

1000

Which of the following is considered a normal body temperature: A) 37 degrees Celsius B) 35 degrees Celsius C) 45 degrees Celsius D) 29 degree Celsius E) 42 degrees Celsius

37 degrees Celsius

The abdominopelvic cavity has __________ quadrants and __________ regions.

4 9

The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the __________ system.

cardiovascular

An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons is a(n): A) molecule B) anion C) radioisotope D) isotope E) cation

cation

The building blocks of all matter are known as: A) organs B) organ systems C) atoms D) cells E) tissues

cells

Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body: A) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ system level, organismal level, organ level B) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level C) cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level D) chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level E) chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

Electrically neutral atoms have equal numbers of __________ and __________.

protons electrons

Positive feedback systems: A) regulate heart and breathing rates, and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases B) regulate heart and breathing rates C) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases D) regulate heart and breathing rates, and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced E) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced

operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases

Compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectively termed __________ compounds.

organic

The four most common elements that compose over 96% of the mass of the human body are __________ , __________, __________, and __________.

oxygen carbon nitrogen hydrogen

The study of the function of the body and body parts is called: A) anatomy B) physiology C) irritability D) negative feedback E) homeostasis

physiology

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called __________.

polysaccharides

Blood clotting and the birth of a baby are examples of the __________ feedback mechanism.

positive

An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) __________. State the answer in two ways.

protons hydrogen ions

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control system: A) stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response B) stimulus, receptor, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response C) receptor, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response D) receptor, stimulus, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response E) effector, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, receptor, response

stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response

Which of the following activities does NOT represent an anatomical study: A) observing the parts of a reproducing cell B) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope C) making a section through the heart to observe its interior D) studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses E) examining the surface of a bone

studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses

The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.

superior

The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. A) lateral B) dorsal C) inferior D) superior

superior

The main function of the respiratory system is: A) break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal B) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide C) produce sperm and eggs D) control body activities through hormones released into the blood E) transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues

supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

In describing the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions: A) the patellar region is proximal to the popliteal region B) the patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region C) the patellar region is superior to the popliteal region D) the patellar region is lateral to the popliteal region E) the patellar region is distal to the popliteal region

the patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the location of the stomach: A) the stomach is located medially B) the stomach is located in the right lower quadrant C) the stomach is located in the left upper quadrant D) the stomach is located in the left lower quadrant E) the stomach is located in the right upper quadrant

the stomach is located in the left upper quadrant

The lungs and heart are situated in the __________ body cavity. A) dorsal B) cranial C) spinal D) abdominopelvic E) thoracic

thoracic