A&P Ch 25a

The main purpose of the citric acid cycle is to

supply hydrogen atoms to the mitochondria.

The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during

the citric acid cycle.

What is the role of NADH in metabolism?

transport hydrogen atoms to coenzymes in the mitochondrial cristae

Compounds that cells can use to make glucose include all of the following, except

acetyl-CoA

Synthesis of fatty acids starts with __________.

acetyl-CoA

Which of the following processes represent(s) catabolism? contraction intracellular transport endocytosis All

all

A cation that is essential for muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting is

calcium.

The end products of aerobic respiration are

carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are

chylomicrons.

Which of the following complements the actions of glucocorticoids?

growth hormone

About 40% of the energy content of nutrients is captured as ATP. The remainder is lost as __________.

heat

The smallest lipoproteins, called __________, transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.

high-density lipoproteins

Sometimes called "good cholesterol," ________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.

high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called

metabolism.

The ammonia that is removed from an amino acid during deamination is converted to the less toxic form of __________.

urea

Sweating produces heat loss largely by __________.

evaporative cooling

The citric acid cycle occurs in the

mitochondrial matrix.

The citric acid cycle is an aerobic process because

oxygen is needed to remove carbon atoms as carbon dioxide.

The vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A is

pantothenic acid.

The major cation in cytoplasm is

potassium.

During starvation

muscle proteins are used as an energy source.

The vitamin that is part of the coenzyme NAD is

niacin.

The major anion in body fluids is

chloride.

Gluconeogenesis is performed by __________.

liver cells

20 amino acids, how many essential?

8

The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is vitamin

A.

Cells must synthesize new organic compounds

All of the answers are correct.

Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for

All of the answers are correct.

During glycolysis

All of the answers are correct.

In the electron transport chain

All of the answers are correct.

The heat-gain center for thermoregulation

All of the answers are correct.

Removal of the amino group from amino acids in the first step of their catabolism requires a coenzyme derived from vitamin ________.

B6

Inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of vitamin ________ in the body.

D

The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is vitamin

K.

Which of these statements is not true about beta-oxidation?

Lipid molecules are converted into glucose molecules.

major cation/anion in body fluid

Na+, Cl-

Which of these is not likely to occur during the postabsorptive state?

The liver produces more glycogen.

In the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another.

a coenzyme

Each cytochrome contains

a metal ion.

The citric acid cycle

begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid.

Which of these is not characteristic of the absorptive state?

glucagon secretion

During beta-oxidation, __________.

fatty acids are converted into molecules of acetyl-coA

The vitamin that is a coenzyme in amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism is

folic acid (folate).

An element that is a component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes is

iron.

The essential fatty acids are

linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

Which organ produces most of the urea in the body?

liver

Lipoproteins that carry mostly cholesterol to peripheral tissues are called

low-density lipoproteins

Lipids

provide energy for cells with modest energy demands.

A vitamin obtained from meat that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is

pyridoxine (B6).

The loss of infrared energy from the body is called

radiation.

When NAD+ is ________ it becomes NADH. When NADH is ________ it becomes NAD+.

reduced; oxidized

The function of the citric acid cycle is to

remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes.

The vitamin that is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN is

riboflavin.

During the absorptive state,

the liver forms glycogen.

Reactions within ________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell.

the mitochondria

The vitamin whose deficiency causes beriberi is

thiamine.

In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is

transferred to a keto acid.