A&P: CH 7 Study Guide
A
All of the following are a part of the central nervous system except which one? A. Sensory neurons B. Medulla oblongata C. Cerebrum D. Thalamus
D
All of the following are functions of the cerebellum except which one? A. Maintain coordination. B. Fine tunes efferent skeletal muscle messages to coordinate position, balance and movement. C. Receives sensory messages concerning the position of limbs, muscle and joints. D. All of these are functions of the cerebellum.
D
All of the following are functions of the hypothalamus except which one? A. Temperature regulation B. Sexual development C. Autonomic functions D. All of these are functions of the hypothalamus.
D
All of the following are types of neurons except which one? A. Multipolar B. Unipolar C. Bipolar D. Tripolar
D
All of the following combining forms refer to a part of the brain except which one? A. medull/o B. cerebell/o C. cerebr/o D. encephal/o
B
All of the following cranial nerves have both motor and sensory functions except which one? A. Trigeminal B. Abducens C. Facial D. Glossalpharyngeal
C
All of the following neuroglial cells are found in the CNS except which one? A. Oligodendrocyte B. Astrocyte C. Schwann cells D. Microglia
A
Between the vertebrae and what layer of meninges is the epidural space? A. Dura mater B. Pia mater C. Arachnoid mater D. Neither of these
A
Brain damage to the Broca's area will result in what? A. Inability to speak B. Inability to understand language spoken to them C. Inability to respond to language spoken to them D. Neither of these answers is correct.
B
Brain damage to the Wernicke's area will result in what? A. Inability to speak B. Inability to understand language spoken to them C. Inability to respond to language spoken to them D. Neither of these answers is correct
A
CSF circulates between the ventricles and what? A. Subarachnoid space B. Epidural space C. Choroid plexus D. Meninges
D
During resting membrane potential, what is true about the neuron membrane? A. The membrane is polarized. B. The outside of the membrane is positive. C. The inside of the membrane is negative. D. All of the answer choices are true.
C
How is cognitive function affected by aging? A. Increases rapidly B. Remains stable C. Declines D. Cognitive function declines but motor skills improve
C
How many spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord between vertebrae? A. 12 B. 30 C. 31 D. 14
C
In a reflex arc, what has the action potential carrying the signal to the CNS? A. Receptor B. Effector C. Afferent neuron D. Efferent neuron
C
In a reflex arc, what is the receptor? A. Either the brain or spinal cord where the signal is received from the afferent neuron and conducted to a motor neuron. B. The structure causing the effect C. The dendrite of a neuron receiving the stimulus D. None of these answers are correct.
A
The autonomic nervous system carries what kind of messages? A. Efferent B. Afferent C. Sensory D. Voluntary
A
The brain can be divided into what four subdivisions? A. Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum B. Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe C. Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation D. Neither of these answers is correct
C
The brainstem is composed of what four parts? A. Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum B. Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital C. Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation D. Neither of these answers is correct
A
The cauda equina extends from which vertebrae? A. L-1 to S-5 B. L-1 to S-1 C. L-5 to S-5 D. L-5 to S-1
B
The cerebrum is divided into what four major lobes? A. Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum B. Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital C. Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation D. Neither of these answers is correct
D
The subarachnoid space is between what two meninges? A. Dura mater and arachnoid mater B. Pia mater and dura mater C. Dura mater and pia mater D. Arachnoid mater and pia mater
B
What allows the action potential to travel quickly? A. Polarization B. Myelination of the axon C. Nodes of Ranvier D. Trigger zone
B
What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for extra surface area called? A. Sucli B. Gyri C. Corpus callosum D. Cortex
D
What are the nutritional requirements for the nervous system's function? A. Iron and calcium B. Magnesium and potassium C. Calcium and potassium D. Sodium and potassium
D
What are the two major components of the diencephalon? A. Cerebrum and brainstem B. Frontal lobe and parietal lobe C. Medulla oblongata and pons D. Thalamus and hypothalamus
C
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system? A. Sensory and motor B. Afferent and efferent C. Central and peripheral D. Parasympathetic and sympathetic
B
What insulates the axon? A. Terminal arborization B. Myelin sheath C. Node of Ranvier D. Synaptic knob
A
What is Alzheimer's disease? A. Progressive brain disease characterized by dementia. B. A disorder is characterized by a death to part of the brain caused by a lack of blood supply. C. Inflammation of the brain. D. Inflammation of the meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord.
C
What is a function of cranial nerve eleven? A. Motor for eye movement B. Sensory for pain C. Motor for trapezius D. Motor for tongue
B
What is a function of cranial nerve five? A. Sensory for smell B. Sensory for pain C. Sensory for vision D. Sensory for taste
A
What is a function of the abducens nerve? A. Motor for eye movement B. Sensory for pain C. Motor for trapezius D. Motor for tongue
B
What is a local potential? A. The flow of electricity begun by stimulating the axon of a neuron B. The flow of electricity begun by stimulating the dendrite of a neuron C. The flow of electricity begun by stimulating the cell body of a neuron D. Neither of these is correct.
A
What is an action potential? A. The flow of electricity along an axon of a neuron in one direction B. The flow of electricity begun by stimulating the axon of a neuron C. The flow of electricity along an axon of a neuron in multiple directions D. The flow of electricity along a dendrite of a neuron in one direction
A
What is at the end of each axon? A. Terminal arborization B. Myelin sheath C. Axon hillock D. Synaptic knob
D
What is gray matter of the spinal cord composed of? A. Dendrites B. Cell bodies C. Short unmyelinated neurons D. All of these make up the gray matter of the spinal cord.
A
What is the correct order of the pathway involving multiple neurons? A. Unipolar neuron, spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, thalamus, parietal lobe, frontal lobe B. Unipolar neuron, spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, thalamus, midbrain, parietal lobe, frontal lobe C. Spinal cord, unipolar neuron, medulla oblongata, pons, thalamus, midbrain, frontal lobe, parietal lobe D. Unipolar neuron
D
What is the function of CSF? A. Cushion the brain from impact B. Provide buoyancy so the brain is not damaged by the bony floor of the skull C. Rinse the brain and spinal cord of metabolic waste D. All of these are functions of the CSF
B
What is the function of the endoneurium? A. Surround the bundle of axons B. Surround the axon of an individual neuron C. Surround the nerve D. None of these answers are correct.
D
What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum? A. Sense of smell B. Motivation C. Aggression D. All of these are correct
D
What is the function of the midbrain of the brainstem? A. To direct sensory messages to the thalamus B. Visual attentiveness C. Auditory attentiveness D. All of these are functions of the midbrain.
C
What is the function of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum? A. Hearing B. Smell C. Vision D. Touch
D
What is the responsibility of the sodium/potassium pump? A. Reestablish and maintain resting membrane potential. B. Pump sodium out of the cell using active transport. C. Prepare the neuron for another nerve impulse. D. All of these are correct.
C
What part of the axon is called the trigger zone? A. Terminal arborization B. Myelin sheath C. Axon hillock D. Synaptic knob
B
What surrounds the bundles of axons? A. Endoneurium B. Perineurium C. Epineurium D. Neither of these answers is correct.
C
What type of cell makes cerebral spinal fluid? A. Oligodendrocyte B. Astrocyte C. Ependymal D. Microglia
A
What type of neuron is the most common in the brain and spinal cord? A. Multipolar B. Unipolar C. Bipolar D. Tripolar
A
Where is the Broca's area? A. Frontal lobe B. Temporal lobe C. Parietal lobe D. Occipital lobe
B
Where is the Wernicke's area? A. Frontal lobe B. Temporal lobe C. Parietal lobe D. Occipital lobe
B
Which answer choice lists the correct order of a reflex arc? A. Receptor, efferent neuron, integrating center, afferent neuron, effector B. Receptor, afferent neuron, integrating center, efferent neuron, effector C. Effector, afferent neuron, integrating center, efferent neuron, receptor D. Receptor, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, effector, integrating center
A
Which disorder is characterized by a death to part of the brain caused by a lack of blood supply? A. CVA B. Alzheimer's disease C. Meningitis D. Neither of these answers is correct
D
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for general senses like touch? A. Frontal B. Temporal C. Occipital D. Parietal
B
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for hearing? A. Frontal B. Temporal C. Occipital D. Parietal
B
Which of the following combining forms means ganglion? A. mening/o B. gangli/o C. gli/o D. neur/o
B
Which of the following combining forms means medulla? A. mening/o B. medull/o C. myel/o D. neur/o
C
Which of the following combining forms means spinal cord? A. mening/o B. medull/o C. myel/o D. neur/o
A
Which of the following combining forms refers to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord? A. mening/o B. gangli/o C. gli/o D. neur/o
D
Which of the following cranial nerves functions as a sensory nerve for taste? A. Trigeminal B. Abducens C. Facial D. Glossalpharyngeal
C
Which of the following does not represent the correct number of spinal nerves? A. C1-8 B. T1-12 C. L1-6 D. S1-5
C
Which of the following is false regarding the function of the sympathetic nervous system? A. Prepares the body for fight or flight B. Dilates blood vessels C. Signals the heart to beat slower D. Decrease blood flow to digestive organs
C
Which of the following is not a part of the PNS? A. Parasympathetic B. Autonomic C. Diencephalon D. Sympathetic
A
Which of the following is the function of the nervous system? A. Communication B. Movement C. Protection D. Electrolyte balance
C
Which of the following is true regarding the function of the parasympathetic nervous system? A. Prepares the body for fight or flight B. Dilates blood vessels C. Carries messages for everyday body maintenance functions D. Decrease blood flow to digestive organs
A
Which of the following list the three meninges in the correct order from the most superficial layer to the deepest layer? A. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater B. Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater C. Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater D. Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater
B
Which of the following meninges is the layer closest to the brain and spinal cord? A. Dura mater B. Pia mater C. Arachnoid mater D. Neither of these
C
Which of the following neuroglia are found in the PNS? A. Oligodendrocyte B. Astrocyte C. Satellite cells D. Microglia
D
Which of the following statements correctly describes white matter and gray matter? A. Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of myelinated axons and white matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of dendrites. B. White matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of unmyelinated axons and gray matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of dendrites. C. White matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of myelinated axons and gray matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of myelinated dendrites. D. White matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of myelinated axons and gray matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of dendrites.
D
Which of the following types of neurons have sensory functions? A. Multipolar B. Unipolar and multipolar C. Bipolar and multipolar D. Unipolar and bipolar
D
Which part of the PNS prepares the body for physical activity or fight or flight? A. Parasympathetic B. Autonomic C. Somatomotor D. Sympathetic
C
Which part of the brainstem is important for arousal as it determines whether sensory messages will be consciously noticed? A. Pons B. Midbrain C. Reticular formation D. Medulla oblongata
A
Which part of the brainstem serves as a bridge for motor tract to the cerebellum? A. Pons B. Midbrain C. Reticular formation D. Medulla oblongata
C
Which part of the neuron carries the nerve impulse? A. Dendrites B. Body C. Axon D. Synaptic knob
B
Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus and organelles for protein synthesis? A. Dendrites B. Body C. Axon D. Synaptic knob
A
Which part of the neuron receives information? A. Dendrites B. Body C. Axon D. Synaptic knob
D
Which statement about reflexes is true? A. A reflex is involuntary. B. A reflex is a motor response. C. A reflex has a fast response. D. All of these statements are true.
B
Which statement about spinal nerves is incorrect? A. Each spinal nerve splits into two roots as it approaches the spinal cord. B. The ventral roots contain ganglion and the dorsal roots do not. C. The dorsal root carries sensory messages. D. The ventral root carries efferent messages.
D
Which statement about the effects of aging on the nervous system is false? A. Verbal skills decline around age 70. B. Intellectual performance remains high until around age 80. C. Aging slows reaction time. D. Short-term memory is not affected by aging.
B
Which statement about the ganglion is true? A. A ganglion is a group of cell bodies in the bipolar neurons. B. A ganglion is found in the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves. C. A ganglion is a group of dendrites that create a bulge in the spinal nerve. D. A ganglion is associated with spinal nerves that carry efferent messages.
A
Which statement compares sensory and motor neurons? A. Sensory neurons carry afferent or incoming messages to the brain, while motor neurons carry efferent or outgoing messages away from the brain. B. Sensory neurons carry afferent or outgoing messages to the brain, while motor neurons carry efferent or incoming messages away from the brain. C. Sensory neurons carry efferent or incoming messages to the brain, while motor neurons carry afferent or outgoing messages away from the brain. D. Motor neurons carry afferent or incoming messages to the brain, while sensory neurons carry efferent or outgoing messages away from the brain.
A
Which statement comparing action potential and local potential is false? A. Action potentials are graded and local potentials are not. B. Action potentials are not graded and local potentials are. C. Action potentials are not decrimental and local potentials are. D. Action potentials are not reversible and local potentials are.
B
Which statement is true about potassium during resting membrane potential? A. Potassium is on the outside of the neuron cell membrane. B. Potassium can freely cross the neuron cell membrane. C. Potassium is attracted to positive ions on the inside of the cell. D. Potassium must have an open channel to cross the neuron membrane using active transport.
A
Which statement is true about sodium during resting membrane potential? A. Sodium is located on the outside of the neuron membrane. B. Sodium in located on the inside of the neuron membrane. C. Sodium can move freely across the neuron cell membrane. D. Sodium crosses the membrane using active transport.
D
Which statement is true regarding the anatomy of the nerves in the parasympathetic nervous system? A. Postganglionic neurons come off the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord, and synapse with preganglionic neurons in ganglia close to the structure they stimulate. B. Preganglionic neurons come off the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord, and synapse with postganglionic neurons in ganglia far from the structure they stimulate. C. Preganglionic neurons come off the lumbar and sacral region of the spinal cord, and synapse with postganglionic neurons in ganglia close to the structure they stimulate. D. Preganglionic neurons come off the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord, and synapse with postganglionic neurons in ganglia close to the structure they stimulate.
A
Which statement is true regarding the anatomy of the nerves in the sympathetic nervous system? A. A short preganglionic neuron leaves the spinal cord from the thoracic and lumbar regions and synapses with the postganglionic neuron at the sympathetic chain of ganglia just outside the vertebral column. B. A short preganglionic neuron leaves the spinal cord from the cervical region and synapses with the postganglionic neuron at the sympathetic chain of ganglia just outside the vertebral column. C. A short preganglionic neuron leaves the spinal cord from the thoracic and lumbar regions and synapses with the postganglionic neuron at the sympathetic chain of ganglia just inside the vertebral column. D. A long preganglionic neuron leaves the spinal cord from the lumbar and sacral regions and synapses with the postganglionic neuron at the sympathetic chain of ganglia just inside the vertebral column.
A
Which statement regarding dorsal and ventral roots is correct? A. Dorsal roots carry afferent messages, while ventral roots carry efferent messages. B. Dorsal roots carry efferent messages, while ventral roots carry afferent messages. C. Dorsal roots carry motor messages, while ventral roots carry sensory messages. D. Dorsal roots carry sensory messages, while ventral roots carry afferent messages.
B
Which term describes the effect of a local potential decreases with distance? A. Graded B. Decrimental C. Excitatory D. Inhibitory
C
Which term refers to the ability of a local potential to cause a neuron to send a signal? A. Graded B. Decrimental C. Excitatory D. Inhibitory
D
Which term refers to the ability of a local potential to prevent a neuron from sending a signal? A. Graded B. Decrimental C. Excitatory D. Inhibitory
A
Which term refers to the fact that the amount of stimulation determines how much sodium enters the cell? A. Graded B. Decrimental C. Excitatory D. Inhibitory
C
Which two types of neuroglial cells produce myelin? A. Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes B. Ependymal cells and schwann cells C. Oligodendrocytes and schwann cells D. Microglia and satellite cells
B
Which type of memory lasts for a few seconds to a few hours? A. Immediate B. Short-term C. Long-term D. Neither answer is correct
B
Which type of neuroglial cell functions to form the blood-brain barrier? A. Oligodendrocyte B. Astrocyte C. Satellite cells D. Microglia
B
Which type of neuron has one process that serves as the dendrite and axon? A. Multipolar B. Unipolar C. Bipolar D. Tripolar
C
Which type of neuron is found in the nasal cavity, retina and inner ear? A. Multipolar B. Unipolar C. Bipolar D. Tripolar
B
Which type of neurons group together to form ganglia? A. Multipolar B. Unipolar C. Bipolar D. Tripolar
B
White matter of the spinal cord is composed of what? A. Unmyelinated neurons B. Myelinated neurons arranged in columns C. Dendrites D. Cell bodies
A
which of the following combining forms means head? A. cephal/o B. cerebell/o C. cerebr/o D. dur/o
D
which of the following combining forms means tough? A. cephal/o B. cerebell/o C. cerebr/o D. dur/o