A&P-Ch. 9: Joints (The Articulation)

Which joints show evidence of degeneration in nearly all individuals as aging progresses? a) Knees b) Elbows c) Hips d) Shoulders e) All of these

All of these

Which of the following statement(s) about the structures making up a synovial joint is incorrect? a) Articular cartilage reduces friction between articulating surfaces in the joint during movement and helps to absorb shock. b) Synovial fluid which contains hyaluronic acid and interstitial fluid, helps to nourish chondrocytes, absorb shocks, and supply nutrients and remove wastes. c) Articular discs absorb shocks and help to distribute synovial fluid across the articular surfaces of the joint. d) All of these are correct statements.

All of these are correct statements.

True o False: The joints most commonly replaced by arthroplasty are the intervertebral joints, the elbow joint, and the knee joint.

False

True or False: Adduction is the movement of bone away from the midline; abduction is movement of a bone toward the midline.

False

True or False: By age 20, nearly everyone has some evidence of osteoarthritis in their joints.

False

True or False: The fibrous capsule of a synovial joint is a thickened continuation of the periosteum of the bones that articulate at the joint.

True

True or False: The fluid in bursae is similar to synovial fluid.

True

Which of the following is a type of angular movement? a) flexion b) extension c) abduction d) adduction e) all of these are examples of angular movement

all of these are examples of angular movement

The __________ is an intracapsular ligament which crosses the interior of the joint. a) fibular collateral ligament b) patellar ligament c) oblique popliteal ligament d) anterior cruciate ligament

anterior cruciate ligament

The hip (coxal) joint is a _________ synovial joint. a) hinge b) pivot c) ball-and-socket d)planar

ball-and-socket

Shoulder and hip joints are examples of which type of synovial joint? a) pivot joint b) hinge joint c) planar joint d) ball-and-socket joint e) saddle joint

ball-and-socket joint

Which type of joint confers the greatest range of motion? a) hinge joint b) planar joint c) saddle joint d) ball-and-socket joint e) condyloid joint

ball-and-socket joint

A child has learned how to draw circles in the air by moving the distal end of the index (pointing) finger while holding the rest of his hand still. What type of movement is this? a) abduction b) adduction c) circumduction d) rotation e) protraction

circumduction

A common facial expression which indicates shock or surprise is when one's mouth drops open. The chin drops and the mouth opens wide. What type of movement is this (hint: it occurs at the temporomandibular joint)? a) flexion b) abduction c) hyperextension d) depression e) eversion

depression

A gomphosis is which type of joint? a) fibrous and a suture b) fibrous and a syndesmosis c) cartilaginous and a synchondrosis d)cartilaginous and a symphysis e) synovial

fibrous and a syndesmosis

A body builder is doing biceps curls, a type of arm exercise, with hand weights. In a biceps curl, the body builder bends his or her forearm bringing the weight closer to his or her shoulder. What type of movement is this? a) rotation b) extension c) flexion d) abduction e) hyperextension

flexion

The ___________ is a rim of fibrocartilage that slightly deepens the glenoid cavity. a) glenoid labrum b) bursa c) coracoid process d) rotator cuff

glenoid labrum

In contrast to the shoulder joint, the hip joint ______________. a) has few strong ligaments stabilizing the joint b) is prone to dislocation c) features a shallow cavity for articulation with the head of the femur d) has a more limited range of motion

has a more limited range of motion

The ankle joint is a ________ synovial joint. a) pivot b) ball-and-socket c) planar d) hinge

hinge

This joint is the largest and most complex of the body, and consists of three joints contained within its synovial cavity. a) temporomandibular joint b) elbow joint c) shoulder joint d) hip joint e) knee joint

knee joint

Some synovial joints contain special crescent-shaped pads that provide additional shock absorption, and provide for a better fit between the articulating surfaces of the bones. These special pads are called __________. a) menisci b) labra c) fat pads d) bursae e) tendon sheaths

menisci

The scapula functions as a(n) __________ for most of the muscles that move the humerus. a) insertion b) origin c) prime mover d) synergist

origin

The difference between a sprain and a strain is that a sprain involves: a) overstretching muscles while a strain is overstretching ligaments b) stiffening of muscles while a strain is stiffening of ligaments c) stiffening of ligaments while a strain is stiffening of muscles d) overstretching ligaments while a strain is overstretching muscles

overstretching ligaments while a strain is overstretching muscles

The radioulnar joint allows a person to turn their hands so that the palms face anteriorly (as in anatomical position) or to face posteriorly. The radioulnar joint is an example of what type of synovial joint? a) plane joint b) pivot joint c) condyloid joint d) saddle joint e) hinge joint

pivot joint

The muscles of the posterior leg compartment are responsible for ____________ of the foot. a) plantar flexion b) rotation c) dorsiflexion d) eversion

plantar flexion

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by pads of fibrocartilage (the intervertebral discs). The articulations between adjacent vertebrae are called __________. a) synchondroses b) symphyses c) gomphoses d) synovial joints e) syndesmoses

symphyses

Because it is an immovable joint, the sagittal suture, which joins the two parietal bones of the skull, is classified as a _______. a) diarthrosis b) synarthrosis c) synovial joint d) amphiarthrosis e) cartilaginous joint

synarthrosis

Most of the freely movable joints of the body could be classified both structurally and functionally as __________. a) cartilaginous and synarthroses b) synovial and diarthroses c) cartilaginous and amphiarthroses d) synovial and amphiarthroses e) fibrous and diarthroses

synovial and diarthroses

Which of the following is an example of a uniaxial joint? a) the saddle joint between the thumb and trapezium of the wrist b) the hinge joint of the elbow c) the joint between a metacarpal and the proximal phalanx d) the ball-and-socket joint between the scapula and humerus e) the plane joints between the carpal bones (wrist)

the hinge joint of the elbow

This joint is a complex and weight-bearing joint, and is the most frequently injured joint in the body. The articular surfaces of the bones do not have complementary surfaces, so the stability of the joint depends mostly on its ligaments and the muscles that move the joint. a) the sacroiliac joint b) the shoulder joint c) the hip joint d) the knee joint e) the pubic symphysis

the knee joint

When walking down stairs or a steep hill, the knee is flexed. Which structure prevents the tibia from sliding too far posteriorly, and the femur from sliding too far anteriorly? a) the patellar ligament b) the anterior cruciate ligament c) the posterior cruciate ligament d) medial meniscus e) lateral meniscus

the posterior cruciate ligament

Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid? a) to provide lubrication in the joint and reduce friction between articular surfaces b) to act as a medium for the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients c) to act as a medium for the diffusion of metabolic wastes such as carbon dioxide d) to maintain a sterile environment within the joint cavity e) shock absorption

to maintain a sterile environment within the joint cavity