A&P CH12

Aldosterone:

-is a mineralocorticoid -increases blood sodium levels

Insulin:

-is made by beta cells in the pancreas -has the opposite effect of glucagon -decreases the blood glucose level

Oxytocin:

-is released by the posterior pituitary gland -stimulates uterine contraction -uses positive feedback mechanism

Cortisol:

-stimulates gluconeogenesis -is made in the middle zone of adrenal cortex -is a glucorticoid -has an anti-inflammatory effect

Normal blood glucose is:

70 to 110 mg/100 mL fasting blood

Stimulates the release of adrenal cortex hormone

ACTH

Hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland that accelerates the reabsorption of water from urine

ADH

The posterior pituitary gland releases:

ADH

Hormone secreted by the cells of the heart that does the opposite of aldosterone

ANH

Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?

Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to body cavities.

Growth of the ovarian follicle occurs as a result of:

FSH

Hormone that stimulates the primary ovarian follicle to start growing in women

FSH

Which of the following is not true of a nonsteroid hormone?

Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.

Which hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and control the hormones of the adenohypophysis?

Releasing hormones

The thyroid gland produces:

T3, T4, calcitonin

The anterior pituitary secretes:

TSH

anterior pituitary gland

TSH

Calcitonin causes:

a decrease in the blood concentration of calcium

Glucagon:

accelerates liver glycogenolysis

Part of the pituitary gland that is made of glandular tissue

adenohypophysis

Addison disease is a hyposecretion of the:

adrenal cortex

A mineralocorticoid

aldosterone

Which of the following is a mineralocorticoid?

aldosterone

The production of thyroid hormone is stimulated by another hormone from the:

anterior pituitary

the heart

atrial natriuretic hormone

A substance used as a second messenger

cAMP

Causes a reduction in the blood calcium level

calcitonin

Nonsteroid hormones:

can cause the formation of cAMP

Hormones:

can use positive and negative feedback mechanism

Steroid hormones:

cause protein synthesis in the cell

Nonsteroid hormones have hormone receptors in the:

cell membrane

The excretion of ___________ in the urine of pregnant women led to the development of early pregnancy tests.

chorionic gonadotropins

The endocrine system performs the same general functions as the nervous system: control and:

communication

Corticoids are secreted by the adrenal:

cortex

A glucocorticoid

cortisol

Adrenal cortex

cortisol

A substance that may act as a second messenger at the cellular level is:

cyclic AMP

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ________ that empty onto a surface or into a cavity.

ducts

An insufficient amount of the growth hormone during the growth years could result in:

dwarfism

A gland that releases its secretion into the blood

endocrine gland

Scientists (physicians) who specialize in the endocrine system and diseases of the system are known as:

endocrinologist

Hormone that assists in the body's "fight-or-flight" response

epinephrine

adrenal medulla

epinephrine

Ovary

estrogen

There are two main classifications of glands: endocrine and:

exocrine

A type of gland that releases its secretions into a duct

exocrine gland

Causes an increase in blood glucose level

glucagon

alpha cells of pancreas

glucagon

Hyperthyroidism with exophthalmos is characteristic of:

graves disease

The parathyroid hormone:

has the opposite effect of calcitonin

A chemical released by an endocrine gland

hormone

Overproduction of a hormone by a gland

hypersecretion

Underproduction of a hormone by a gland

hyposecretion

A proposed explanation that explains observed phenomena is called a:

hypothesis

ADH:

increases the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidney

Causes a drop in blood glucose level

insulin

What hormone opposes the effect of glucagon?

insulin

beta cells of pancreas

insulin

The anterior pituitary:

is called the adenohypophysis

The thyroid gland:

is found in the neck

Epinephrine:

is released in response to stress

TSH:

is secreted by the adenohypophysis and stimulates the release of thyroid hormone

Aldosterone has its effects mainly on the cells of the:

kidney

Fat storing cells of the body

leptin

Steroids are able to pass easily through a target cell's plasma membrane because they are:

lipid soluble

Hormone that is also called the ovulating hormone

luteinizing hormone

Hormone that may assist the body in regulating its internal clock

melatonin

Pineal gland

melatonin

Part of the pituitary gland that is made of nervous tissue

neurohypophysis

A type of hormone that has its receptor on the cell membrane

nonsteroid hormone

The "first messenger" that provides communication between endocrine glands and target organs is the:

nonsteroid hormone

Second messengers are important in the functioning of:

nonsteroid hormones

Steroid hormones have hormone receptors in the:

nucleus of a cell

Causes contraction of the pregnant uterus

oxytocin

The posterior pituitary releases the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and:

oxytocin

posterior pituitary gland

oxytocin

parathyroid gland

parathyroid hormone

Causes an increase in the blood calcium level

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Hormone that in women stimulates the breasts to start secreting milk

prolactin

The thymus gland:

promotes development of immune system cells

"Tissue hormones" is another name that may refer to:

prostaglandins

Substances called "tissue hormones"

prostaglandins

The endocrine system consists of glands that:

release chemicals carried by the blood

Substances produced by the hypothalamus that affect the functioning of the anterior pituitary gland

releasing hormone

A substance needed by nonsteroid hormones to impact intracellular activity

second messenger

Androgens are:

secreted by the inner zone of the adrenal cortex

In comparison with the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are:

slow to appear but long lasting

Hyposecretion of the follicle-stimulating hormone can cause:

sterility

There are two main classifications of hormones: nonsteroid and:

steroid

A hormone that has its receptor in the nucleus of the cell

steroid hormone

The hormones of the adrenal cortex are:

steroid hormones

FSH:

stimulates the primary ovarian follicle to develop

Negative feedback is inhibitory and positive feedback is:

stimulatory

An organ with a receptor for a specific hormone

target organ

Tropic Hormones:

target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion

An example of an androgen is:

testosterone

Testes

testosterone

Stimulates the release of thyroid hormone

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Stimulates cell metabolism

thyroxine

thyroid gland

thyroxine

The principal thyroid hormone is:

triiodothyronine

A hormone that causes an endocrine gland to grow or secrete a hormone

tropic hormone

Hormones are not a major regulator of:

voluntary muscle movement