A&P Chapter 10 Endocrine

Cortex and outer

Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal ___, which is the ___ portion of this gland.

Fats and Excess amino acids

Glucagon increases the use of ___ and ___ for energy production.

LH and Anterior Pituitary

In women, the hormone that stimulates ovulation is ___ from the ___ gland.

Estrogen and Progesterone

In women, the two hormones secreted by the corpus luteum are ___ and ___.

Decrease

Increased secretion of ADH will ___ urinary output.

protein synthesis

Insulin enables cells to take in amino acids and use them for ____.

Protein

An important function of thyroxine is that it increases the synthesis of ___.

GH and Thyroxine

Two hormones that increase the rate of protein synthesis in cells are ___ and ___.

iodine

Synthesis of thryroxine requires the mineral ___.

Aldosterone

The adrenal hormone that has the secondary effects of increasing blood volume and blood pressure is ____.

Inner, epinephrine and norepinephrine

The adrenal medulla is the ___ part of the adrenal gland, and secretes hormones ___ and ___.

Epinephrine

The hormone that causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle and vasoconstriction in the viscera is ___.

Cortisol

The hormone that conserves glucose for use by the brain is ___.

Calcitonin

The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is ___.

Epinephrine

The hormone that dilates the bronchioles is ___.

ADH and Posterior Pituitary

The hormone that directly increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys is ___, which is secreted by the ___ gland.

Insulin and Pancreas

The hormone that enables cells to take in glucose to use for energy production is ___ produced by the ___.

Thyroxine and thyroid

The hormone that increased the use of all three food types for energy is ___ which is produced by the ___ gland.

Epinephrine

The hormone that increases heart rate and slows peristalsis is ____.

GH and Anterior Pituitary

The hormone that increases the rate of mitosis in growing tissues is ___ which is produced by the ___ gland.

Hormone FSH and Anterior Pituitary

The hormone that initiates sperm production in the testes is ____ which is produced by the ____ gland.

FSH and Anterior Pituitary

The hormone that initiates the development of egg cells in the ovary is ___ which is produced by the ___ gland.

PTH and Calcitonin

The hormone that raises the blood calcium level is ___, and the hormone that lowers the blood calcium level is ___.

Epinephrine

The hormone that slows peristalsis is ____.

LH and Anterior Pituitary

The hormone that stimulates secretion of testosterone by the testes is __ from the ____ gland.

FSH and Estrogen

The hormones directly necessary for the development of egg cells in the ovary are ___ and ___.

FSH and testosterone

The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are ___ and ___.

Estrogen and Progesterone

The hormones necessary for the growth of the endometrium are ___ and ___.

Receptor

The hormones that a cell will respond to are determined by the ___ on the cell's membrane or in its cytoplasm.

Glucagon and insulin

The pancreatic hormone ___ is secreted between meals, and the pancreatic hormone ___ is secreted right after meals.

Glucagon

The pancreatic hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose by the liver is ___.

Reabsorption of water and kidneys

The primary function of ADH is to increase ____ by the ___.

Releasing hormone and hypothalamus

The secretion of hormones of the anterior pituitary is regulated by ____ produced by the ____.

local

The site of action of prostaglandins is usually ___.

Alpha and decreases

The specific cells that produce glucagon are ___ cells and they do when the blood glucose level ___.

Beta and Increase

The specific cells that produce insulin are ___ cells and they do so when the blood glucose level ___.

Bones, Kidneys, and small intestine

The target organs of PTH are ___, ___, and ___.

Renin-Angiotensin mechanism

When blood pressure decreases, secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by the ___.

Steroid hormones

____ are believed to exert their effects by activating certain genes within a cell.

Increase and decrease

____ secretion of ADH will ___ urinary output.

LH

The direct stimulus for the secretion of testosterone is ___.

Glycogen to glucose

The effect of epinephrine on the liver is to increase the conversion of ____.

Release of milk (LET down reflex)

The effect of oxytocin on the mammary glands is to stimulate the ____.

Contractions and Birth, labor, delivery

The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is to cause ___ for ____.

Sympathetic

The effects of epinephrine are very similar to those of the ___ nervous system.

thyroid gland and parathyroid gland

The endocrine gland that is on the front of the trachea is the ___, and on the back of this gland are the ___.

Adrenal gland and pancreas

The endocrine glands that are on top of the kidneys are the ____ and the gland in the curve of the duodenum is the ____.

Pituitary gland and adrenal gland

The endocrine glands that have two distinct parts are the ____ and the ____.

Islets of Langerhaus

The endocrine parts of the pancreas are called ____.

Sodium and Potassium

The function of aldosterone is to increase renal reabsorption of ___ ions and excretion of ___ ions.

Adrenal cortex and Kidneys

The hormone aldosterone is secreted by is the ___ and its target organs are the ___.

Fats and Excess amino acids

The hormone cortisol stimulates most body cells to use ___ and ___ for energy production.

Negative feedback mechanism

A regulating mechanism that contains its own brake is called ___.

Glucagon

Blood glucose level is raised by the pancreatic hormone ____.

Thyroid and bones

Calcitonin is secreted by the ___ gland and its target organs are ____.

Amino acids and Proteins

Growth hormone stimulates the transport of ___ into cells to be used for the synthesis of ___.

increases and decreases

In a negative feedback mechanism, when the effect of a hormone ___, the secretion of the hormone ___.

Testosterone and Inhibin

In men the two hormones secreted by the testes are ___ and ___.

Hormone and Receptor

In the two messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones, the first messeng er is the ____, which must bond to a ___ on the cell membrane.

Cyclic amp and Enzymes

In the two messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones, the second messenger is ___, which activates specific ___ within the cell.

FSH

The direct stimulus for the secretion of estrogen is ___.

Cell membrane

Prostaglandins are produced by most cells form parts of the ___.

ACTH and Anterior Pituitary

Secretion of cortisol is stimulated by ___ from the ____ gland.

TSH and Anterior Pituitary

Secretion of thyroxine is stimulated by ___ from the ____ gland.

clotting

Some prostaglandins are necessary for the ___ of blood.

Genes

Steroid hormones are believed to exert their effects by activating certain ___ within a cell.

Dehydration

The direct stimulus for secretion of ADH is ____.

Hypocalcemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH is ____.

Low blood volume, pressure, sodium

The direct stimulus for secretion of aldosterone is ___, ___, ___.

Hypercalcemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is ___.

Sympathetic nerve impulse

The direct stimulus for secretion of epinephrine is ___.

Hypoglycemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of glucagon is ___.

GHRH

The direct stimulus for secretion of growth hormone is ___.

Hyperglycemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of insulin is ___.

TSH

The direct stimulus for secretion of thyroxine is ___

Inner

the adrenal medulla is the ___ part of the adrenal gland.

PTH

the hormone that increased the blood calcium level is ___.

Prolactin and Anterior Pituitary

the hormone that stimulates milk production is ___ from the ____ gland.

vasoconstriction

the major function of norepinephrine is to stimulate ___ throughout the body.