A&P Chapter 11 Test 3
There are approximately how many muscles in the human body?
700
Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the muscular system? A Muscle fibers become larger in diameter. B Tolerance for exercise decreases. C Skeletal muscles become less elastic. D The ability to recover from muscular injuries decreases.
A
Elderly people sometimes have difficulty exercising. This is probably related to a decrease in their muscular endurance. What change is NOT a factor in decreased endurance of muscle cells as people age? A Decrease in stored creatine phosphate B Increase in muscle size C Less myoglobin in their muscle D Less glycogen stored in muscle
B
During exercise, activity of skeletal muscles would NOT cause which of the following effects on other body systems? A increased respiratory rate and depth of respiration B utilization of glycogen reserves C decreased sweat gland activity D increased heart rate
C
Which of the following muscles does NOT flex the forearm? A Brachialis B Biceps brachii C Triceps brachii D Brachioradialis
C
As we exercise, which body system does NOT help to support this increased activity? A The cardiovascular system B The respiratory system C The integumentary system D The urinary system
D
The actions of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles include which of the following? A extend the thigh B laterally rotate the thigh C adduct and laterally rotate the thigh D abduct and medially rotate the thigh
D
Even though they both insert on the calcaneus, what can the gastrocnemius muscle do that the soleus cannot?
Flex the knee
Which muscle or muscles can extend the ankle?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
Which muscle or muscles can cause abduction and medial rotation at the hip?
Gluteus medius and minimus
Which type of fascicle arrangement produces more tension than others?
Pennate muscle
Why do elderly people have a lower tolerance for exercise?
Reduced thermoregulation
The calf muscles pull on the calcaneus and extend the ankle, lifting the person onto their toes. That makes this arrangement an example of what class of lever?
Second-class lever
During swallowing, what muscles help you push a bolus of food from your throat to your esophagus?
Superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles
When considering the rectus abdominis muscle, what does the term "rectus" describe about this muscle?
The fibers of the muscle are parallel to the long axis of the muscle.
What happens when a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten?
The insertion moves toward the origin.
What muscles and their tendons make up the rotator cuff?
The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles
Why do we use the word biceps to describe particular muscles?
There are two tendons of origin.
Which class of levers is the most common in the body?
Third-class lever
You are so happy that you received an "A" on your last anatomy and physiology exam that you broke into a big smile. What muscle helps you smile?
Zygomaticus major
A fixator is __________.
a synergist that prevents movement at another joint and stabilizes the origin of the agonist
A strain of the groin could affect which of the following muscles?
adductor magnus
Which terms describe the actions of the muscles that move the palm and fingers?
adductor, abductor, extensor, flexor
Which of the following muscle groups are responsible for movement of the thigh?
adductor, gluteal, lateral rotator
A muscle responsible for a specific movement; also called a prime mover.
agonist
A muscle whose action opposes that of another muscle or agonist is __________.
an antagonist
A muscle whose action opposes that of another muscle, or agonist, is __________.
an antagonist
Fibrosis is defined as __________.
an increase in the amount of connective tissue in muscles that is often seen in the elderly
The posterior subdivision of the perineum.
anal triangle
What are the primary extensors of the elbow?
anconeus and triceps brachii
A muscle that opposes the movement of an agonist.
antagonist
If the biceps brachii muscle flexes the forearm, and the triceps brachii muscle causes extension of the forearm, then the triceps brachii is the __________ of the biceps brachii.
antagonist
On or near the front, or ventral surface, of the body.
anterior
In an individual who complains of shin splints, the affected muscles are located over the __________.
anterior surface of the leg
In an individual who complains of shin-splints, the affected muscles are located over the __________.
anterior surface of the leg
In a convergent muscle, the muscle fibers are __________.
based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site
Which of the following muscles that move the forearm inserts on the radius?
biceps brachii
Which of the following is an appendicular muscle?
biceps femoris
Short.
brevis
Which of the following terms would be used to name a short muscle?
brevis
When a person is playing an instrument such as a trumpet, the muscle used to compress the cheeks and blow forcefully is the __________.
buccinator
The large tendon that inserts on the calcaneus; tension on this tendon produces extension (plantar flexion) of the foot; also called Achilles tendon.
calcaneal tendon
Ann has been complaining of pain and tingling in her right palm. The doctor diagnoses Ann with tenosynovitis of her right flexor tendon sheath and gives her glucocorticoids to ease her discomfort. What is a common name for Ann's condition?
carpal tunnel syndrome
Which type of muscle contains fascicles that are organized in concentric rings around an opening?
circular
A muscle like the pectoralis major muscle in the chest, whose fascicles originate over a large area and insert on a common point, the anterior humerus, is an example of a __________ muscle.
convergent muscle
The pectoralis muscle is made of fascicles that are spread over a broad area but converge at a common attachment site. This pattern of fascicle arrangement classifies the pectoralis major as a __________.
convergent muscle
What is the major abductor of the arm?
deltoid
From the following selections, choose the one that includes only muscles that move the arm.
deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major
Any muscular partition; the respiratory muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.
diaphragm
What is the name of the muscle that separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities?
diaphragm
What is the name of the muscle the separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
diaphragm
Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
diaphragm
Which muscle separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities?
diaphragm
Levers can change the __________.
direction, speed, and effective strength of an applied force
The triceps brachii muscle attaches to the olecranon process of the ulna crossing the posterior side of the elbow joint. That will allow the triceps to be a(n) __________ of the elbow joint.
extensor
Two-year-old Betty has a habit of pointing with her index finger to anything she considers interesting and saying, "Look, Mommy, look!" Which of the following muscles is Betty using to point her index finger?
extensor digitorum and extensor indicis
During inhaling, the __________ muscle(s) contract(s) to elevate the ribs. During a forceful exhalation, the ___________ muscle(s) contract(s) to depress the ribs.
external intercostal; internal intercostal
Which muscle or muscles are synergistic with the diaphragm during inspiration?
external intercostals
A sesamoid bone commonly located in the gastrocnemius.
fabella
The platysma, frontal belly of the epicranium, and orbicularis oculi are innervated by which cranial nerve?
facial nerve (VII)
What is the smallest component of a skeletal muscle visible with the naked eye?
fascicle
The orbicularis oris is an example of which type of muscle fiber arrangement?
fascicles arranged circularly around an opening
Which of the following terms would be used to name a muscle found in the thigh?
femoris
A muscle that produces flexion.
flexor
Which of the following muscles flexes the great toe?
flexor hallucis brevis
The rectus muscles, which lie between the vertebral spine and the ventral midline, are important __________.
flexors of the spinal column
The rectus muscles, which lie between the vertebral spines and the ventral midline, are important __________.
flexors of the spinal column
The quadriceps femoris muscle has __________ heads and is found in the __________.
four; thigh
The stomach; the body, or belly, of a skeletal muscle.
gaster
What are the major muscles that produce plantar flexion involved with the movement of the lower leg?
gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior
The muscles of the tongue have names ending in __________.
glossus
The names of the muscles of the tongue are readily identified because their descriptive names end in __________.
glossus
Which of the following muscles is involved in moving the thigh?
gluteus maximus
A runner preparing for a marathon strains his iliotibial tract. What muscles attaching to this tract will be affected by the injury?
gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae
The inguinal region.
groin
The digastric muscle __________.
has two bellies
A gap, cleft, or opening.
hiatus
The superficial muscles of the spine are identified by subdivisions that include __________.
iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis
The distribution of sensory and motor nerves to a specific region or organ.
innervation
A point of attachment of a muscle; the end that is easily movable.
insertion
The movable attachment of muscle to bone or other connective tissue is referred to as the __________.
insertion
The superficial spinal extensors include the __________.
longissimus, spinalis, and iliocostalis
What is the most powerful and important muscle a person uses when chewing food?
masseter
Which of the following is a muscle involved in chewing?
masseter
Which of the following is a muscle of mastication?
masseter
Which of the following muscle pairings consist of circular muscles?
orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi
What are the four types of muscles identified by different patterns of organization?
parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular
Which of the following combinations of muscles works together as agonist and antagonist to produce flexion and extension of the shoulder joint?
pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
Which of the following muscles that move the thigh is included in the lateral rotator group?
piriformis
Which of the following facial muscles is associated with movement of the neck skin and the lower jaw?
platysma
Straight.
rectus
Marcia, a sprinter, pulls a hamstring muscle the day before a big race. Which of the following muscles has she NOT injured?
rectus femoris
The extensors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the quadriceps, include the __________.
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis
The deltoid muscle is so named because it is ______________.
shaped like a triangle
The muscles of facial expression originate on the __________, insert on the __________, and are innervated by the __________ nerve.
skull; skin; facial
Circular muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways are called __________.
sphincters
Which of the following muscle groups is associated with the vertebral column?
spinalis
The rectus abdominis muscle is __________.
straight
Which of the following terms is given to muscles visible at the body surface?
superficialis
The rotator cuff is composed of the __________.
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor
The pharyngeal constrictors control __________.
swallowing
A muscle that assists a prime mover in performing its primary action.
synergist
Round.
teres
A first-class lever is one in which __________.
the fulcrum lies between the applied force and the load
If the biceps brachii muscle flexes the forearm, that means that its attachment to the humerus and scapula is __________.
the origin of the muscle
The effect of an arrangement in which a force is applied between the load and the fulcrum illustrates the principles of __________.
third-class levers
The chest.
thorax
Which of the following muscles that move the foot causes dorsiflexion?
tibialis anterior
Which muscle elevates the shoulders, as when you shrug your shoulders?
trapezius
Which muscle elevates the shoulders, such as when you shrug your shoulders?
trapezius
Which facial muscle is active in smiling?
zygomaticus major
Which of the following is involved in retracting and elevating the corner of the mouth and in smiling?
zygomaticus major
Which of the following is NOT a part of the hamstrings? A popliteus B biceps femoris C semitendinosus D semimembranosus
A
Which of the following about the effect of exercise on organ systems is FALSE? A Heart rate increases. B Blood vessels constrict in the integumentary system. C Respiratory rate and depth of respiration increase. D The nervous and endocrine systems work to increase sweat gland activity and mobilize stored nutrient reserves.
B
Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the muscular system? A Muscle elasticity decreases. B The skeletal muscle fibers become larger as a result of hyperplasia. C The ability to recover from muscular injuries decreases. D Tolerance for exercise decreases.
B
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff? A infraspinatus B teres major C teres minor D subscapularis
B
Which of the following muscles is NOT properly linked with the kinds of information included within its name? A profundus—relative position B transversus—structure, size, shape C risorius—action D brachialis—location
B
Which of the following statements about innervation of the axial musculature is INCORRECT? A The facial nerve (VII) innervates all the muscles of facial expression except the levator palpebrae muscles. B All the muscles that insert on the hyoid bone are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (XII). C The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerves. D All the muscles of the urogenital triangle are innervated by the pudendal nerve.
B
Which of the following statements about the sartorius muscle is FALSE? A It is a knee flexor. B It is innervated by the ulnar nerve C5-C6. C It is the longest muscle in the body. D This is the only knee flexor that originates superior to the acetabulum.
B
Why are infants often given intramuscular injections in their vastus lateralis muscle?
Because infants cannot walk, it is not likely that an injection in that muscle would give them significant pain.
As the body exercises and muscles work harder, how does the cardiovascular system compensate for the increased work by the muscles?
Blood vessels in active muscles dilate.
The palmaris longus __________. A is innervated by the median nerve C6-C7 B flexes the wrist C originates at the medial epicondyle of the humerus D has all of the listed characteristics
D
Which of the following is FALSE about the effect of exercise on organ systems? A The nervous and endocrine systems work to increase sweat gland activity and mobilize stored nutrient reserves. B Respiratory rate and depth of respiration increase. C Heart rate increases. D Blood vessels constrict in the integumentary system.
D
Which of the following is a criterion for naming muscles? A The muscle's location on the body B The muscle's origin and insertion C The muscle's action D All of the choices are correct.
D
Which of the following muscles does NOT belong in the anal triangle? A pubococcygeus B coccygeus C iliococcygeus D bulbospongiosus
D
Which of the following muscles is NOT a spinal flexor? A longus colli B longus capitis C quadratus lumborum D splenius
D
Which class of lever improves the speed of movement and the distance the load is moved more than it improves lifting the load?
Third-class lever
A lever moves on a fixed point called __________.
a fulcrum
What is an antagonist?
a muscle whose action opposes a specific movement done by an agonist
What is an agonist?
a muscle whose contraction is responsible for a specific movement
A muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement is called __________.
a prime mover
In terms of flexion of the elbow, the biceps brachii is considered the prime mover, but the deeper brachialis muscle performing the same function is __________.
a synergist
The flexors that move the leg, commonly known as the hamstrings, include the _______________.
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus
The flexors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the hamstrings, include the __________.
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus
The hamstrings are the __________.
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus
In what class of lever is the fulcrum between the load and the applied force?
first-class lever
Joanna has been looking down at her A&P book in her lap. She raises her head to look at a study partner across the table from her. The action of raising her head uses which type of lever system?
first-class lever
The biceps muscle makes a prominent bulge when an individual __________.
flexes the forearm supinated
Which of the following flexes and abducts the wrist?
flexor carpi radialis
A passage through the abdominal wall that marks the path of testicular descent and that contains the testicular arteries, veins, and ductus deferens.
inguinal canal
Tim is a new father and is not used to changing diapers. He grimaces and purses his lips when he changes his son's diapers. Which collection of muscles is he using to contort his mouth this way?
orbicularis oris and risorius
In a skeletal muscle, the point of attachment that does not change position when the muscle contracts; usually defined in terms of movements from the anatomical position.
origin
What is the term for the site where the muscle attaches that does NOT move when the muscle contracts?
origin
Erica and Rob are driving to the top of Mount Evans, a 14,000-foot peak in the Colorado Rockies that is accessible by car. As their elevation continues to change, they chew gum and swallow to adjust to the atmospheric pressure changes. What specific muscles are they contracting and relaxing to open the auditory tubes?
palatal muscles
Do you remember the tongue twister "Sally sells seashells by the seashore"? Of the collections of muscles below, which group or groups work together to provide the delicate movements of the tongue during speech?
palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, and hyoglossus muscles
A muscle in the body that is spindle-shaped is an example of a(n) __________.
parallel muscle
The biceps brachii muscle is an example of which type of fascicle arrangement?
parallel muscle
The structural commonality of the rectus femoris and the rectus abdominis is that they are __________.
parallel muscles whose fibers run along the long axis of the body
Which type of muscle has fascicles that are arranged at a common angle with a tendon?
pennate
The pelvic floor and its associated structures.
perineum
Shanie is a 45-year-old woman who has started noticing sagging skin in the front of her neck. What muscle in this area is losing tone and causing the resulting looseness in her neck?
platysma
Which of the following is not a part of the hamstrings?
popliteus
Extrinsic muscles are those that __________.
position or stabilize an organ
A muscle that performs a specific action; also called an agonist.
prime mover
The actions produced by arm muscles but NOT by leg muscles are __________.
pronation and supination
Which muscles arise on the humerus and the forearm and rotate the radius without producing either flexion or extension of the elbow?
pronator teres and supinator
A seam.
raphe
A pair of deep posterior trunk muscles that adduct the scapula and cause downward rotation of the scapula are the __________.
rhomboid major and minor
The muscular elements that provide substantial support for the loosely built shoulder joint are collectively referred to as the __________.
rotator cuff
Which muscle is active when a person crosses the legs?
sartorius
Which of the following is an axial muscle?
temporalis
Which muscles maximize the efficient use of teeth during mastication?
temporalis, pterygoid, and masseter
Which of the following is a muscle that positions the pectoral girdle?
trapezius
From the following selections, choose the one that includes only muscles that move the shoulder girdle.
trapezius, rhomboid major, pectoralis minor, subclavius
The muscles of mastication are innervated by the __________ nerve.
trigeminal
The muscular floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by muscles that make up the __________.
urogenital and anal triangle