A&P Chapter Blood
Jordan works in a hematology lab and processed a blood report showing 22,000 white blood cells/mm3 of blood for a patient. He suspects this patient has a bacterial infection leading to ________.
leukocytosis
Abnormally low levels of white blood cells causes a condition known as ________
leukopenia
What term refers to a deficiency of white blood cells?
leukopenia
Which organ is largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors?
liver
Platelets are fragments of a multinucleate cell known as a ________.
megakaryocyte
What multinucleate cell gives rise to thousands of anucleate fragments known as platelets?
megakaryocyte
The most numerous of the white blood cells are the ________.
neutrophils
What type of anemia is associated with atrophy of the stomach mucosa in the elderly?
pernicious anemia
The matrix of blood is called ________.
plasma
Which of these formed elements is responsible for stopping bleeding?
platelet
Life at a high altitude, where less oxygen is available, can lead to a red blood cell disorder known as ________.
polycythemia
Where does hematopoiesis occur to produce new red blood cells?
red bone marrow
Which of the following is associated with the sickle cell trait?
resistance to the malaria-causing parasite
Which anemia is caused by a genetic mutation?
sickle cell anemia
Which of the following red blood cell disorders may provide a better chance of surviving where malaria is present?
sickle cell anemia (SCA)
What enzyme joins soluble fibrinogen proteins into long molecules of fibrin during coagulation?
thrombin
Which clotting factor converts fibrinogen to fibrin?
thrombin
Why do you think Mrs. Gonzalez was prescribed heparin, an anticoagulant?
to inhibit the formation of clots
Both platelets and erythrocytes are anucleate.
true
What blood type has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma?
type O
What blood type can a person with O negative blood receive in a transfusion?
type O negative
Which of these occurs first in hemostasis?
vascular spasm
Which one of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis?
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
Rh antigens are separate from ABO antigens and were originally discovered in Rhesus monkeys.
-An Rh- mom carrying her second Rh+ fetus is at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn. -Anti-Rh antibodies are not automatically made, unlike the antibodies in ABO blood groups.
Blood normally clots in approximately ________.
3 to 6 minutes
Normal blood pH falls in a range between ________ to ________.
7.35; 7.45
Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called ________.
antigens
Which leukocytes release histamine during the inflammatory response?
basophils
Which type of granulocyte releases histamine at sites of inflammation?
basophils
What is blood serum?
blood plasma minus the clotting proteins
Which blood type(s) can a person with blood type O receive?
blood type O
Donor and recipient blood types are A positive. Mixing recipient serum with donor RBCs caused agglutination. No agglutination occurred when donor serum was mixed with recipient RBCs. Is the blood safe for transfusion?
No, antibodies in the recipient's plasma are interacting with some unidentified antigen on the donor RBCs.
Which of these indicates leukocytosis?
WBC count higher than 11,000 cells/mm3
Which ions are essential for blood clotting to occur?
calcium
Which of these is a plasma electrolyte?
chloride
The formation of an insoluble clot during hemostasis is termed ________.
coagulation
What triggers the adherence of platelets to the wall of an injured blood vessel?
collagen fibers
What is the name of the process by which white blood cells move in and out of blood vessels?
diapedesis
Which type of leukocyte kills parasitic worms by deluging them with digestive enzymes?
eosinophil
Which formed element is the most abundant in blood?
erythrocyte
What hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production?
erythropoietin
What long, hairlike molecules form the basis of a clot during coagulation?
fibrin
Which of the following is characteristic of whole blood?
five times the viscosity of water
White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as ________.
granulocytes
The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the _______
hematocrit
What stem cell gives rise to all formed elements?
hemocytoblast
Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as ________.
hemophilia
What disorder is associated with a deficiency of clotting factors?
hemophilia
The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ________.
hemostasis
Which of the following inhibits clot formation?
heparin
Pernicious anemia is caused by insufficient absorption of vitamin B12. What substance is lacking or in low concentrations that causes this condition?
intrinsic factor
Romaine, a 23-year-old woman, is complaining about constant infection and heavy monthly menstruation. A blood test reveals that Romaine has accelerated leukocytosis but an abnormally high number of immature white blood cells (WBCs). What is Romaine's diagnosis?
leukemia
Which blood cells are responsible for fighting infections?
leukocytes
A recent blood test shows that Mr. Jimenez's total WBC count exceeded 11,000 cells/mm3. What is most likely his condition?
leukocytosis
The ABO blood groups are based on which of two antigens, type A or type B, a person inherits.
Table 10.3
The blood type that contains both antigens A and B is ________.
AB
Which blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient" since it can receive blood types A, B, AB, and O?
AB
Molly has blood type A and her daughter has blood type B. Why can't Molly donate blood to her daughter?
Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate with type A blood.
The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is ________.
RhoGAM
A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as ________.
anemia
A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel is known as ________.
a thrombus
What is the protein found in blood plasma that acts to keep water in the bloodstream?
albumin
Which of these functions to maintain osmotic pressure and pH balance?
albumin