A&P Final exam 2

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?

All of these

Which of the following statements about the dermis is correct

All of these

Which of the following types of cells is/are found in the epidermis?

all are found

Mr. Deed's "wicked-bad frost bite" could cause the black coloration of the foot because of....

all of these

The portion/structure (s) of a hair that is/are below the surface of the skin is the

all of these

Which of the following molecules is the molecule that is enzymatically converted to active vitamin D in the liver and kidneys?

cholecalciferol

Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light?

vitamin D

When the arrector pili muscles contract

"goose bumps" form on the skin

The hypodermis usually has more of this type of tissue than of the other types listed.

Adipose tissue

A proposed function of the arrector pili is...

All of these (increase, the boundary layer, minimize convective heat loss, make hair/pelt thicker)

What type of skin gland are primarily responsible for secreting earwax?

Ceruminous gland

Which of the following prevents the skin from overstretching and gives it strength?

Collagen fibers

The lower/deeper portion of the dermis can best be categorized as which of the following specific types of tissue?

Dense irregular

Which of the following types of secretion involves the shedding/loss of whole cells that then breakdown releasing their contents into the lumen of the duct?

Holocrine

One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical involved?

Lipid-soluble substances

Which of the following nail structures is/are comprised of living cells?

Nail matrix

The products of eccrine/merocrine sweat glands

Primarily cool the body

Provided that vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected?

Reticular layer of dermis

Contrary to the pigments of a tattoo, Sharpie marker on a baby sister's skin is restricted to...

Stratum corneum

What happens to cells when they move from the epidermis to the surface of the skin?

They die

Which of the following is/are responsible for minimizing water loss across the epidermis?

Tight junctions

Which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is false?

Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete extra calcium

When instructing your patient on where to apply a skin patch (delivering drug cutaneously), why would you recommend they place it on the upper torso or limbs rather than on hands and/or feet?

all of these

Which of the following are responsible for helping attach/anchor the epidermis?

all of these

Which of the following will help cool the body?

all of these

Your patient receives severe burns over much of their body, which of the following is/are consequences?

all of these

A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the

all of these (loose connective tissue, layer below skin, hypodermis)

The predominance of white/pale skin of many of the original inhabitants of the U.K. can be explained by...

all of these (their need for UVB, winters have limited daylight, their limited amount of melanin)

Which of the following fibers is correctly matched with its primary function?

all of these are correct

Technically, which of the following is/are NOT part of the skin?

all of these are part (deep fascia, hypodermis, skeletal muscle)

Which of the following is true of thin skin?

all of these are true

When the skin is damaged/wounded, which of the following occurs?

all of these occur

Contrary to some shampoo commercials claiming to "nourish your hair"... blood vessels in the ___ provide a hair with its sole source of nutrition

dermal papilla

On coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results from...

dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks

Most house dust allergies are actually an immune response to which of the following?

dust mite feces

Which of the following pairs of terms is correctly matched?

erythema: reddish

The implication of the fan stopping in Ace Ventura's rhino disguise was that he was overheating primarily due to the failure of which type of heat exchange?

evaporative

Which of the following cells is/are NOT part of the epidermis?

fibroblasts

Which of the following statements is true?

hair in the axillary region is terminal hair after puberty

Which of the following cell connections is used to attach basale cells to the basement membrane?

hemidesmosomes

The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to this pigment

hemoglobin

When a pigment derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin becomes excessive and imparts a yellowish color to the skin it is know...

jaundice

What protein is the most abundant type found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?

keratin

Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called

lanugo hairs

A toenail that chronically becomes ingrown may be removed by a physician. What portion must be removed to ensure it will not grow back?

nail matrix

Albinism is a condition in which the person is unable to produce which of the following pigments?

none of these

An increase in body temperature causes

none of these

Eskimos/Inuits wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V. light, but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is,

none of these

Fingerprints and footprints are produced by ridge-like projections of __ into the epidermis called

none of these

In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed and visible microscopically?

none of these

The layer of the epidermis with the greatest amount of mitotic activity

none of these

The darkness of one's skin color is primarily the result of the....

number of melanosomes in the skin

Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of some pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the ...

papillary layer

This is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis

papillary layer

The heat Ace Ventura felt and described as "waarrmmmmm!" was heat energy transferred initially transferred to the rhino disguise via which of the following modes?

radiation

Leather is mostly made of the __ layer of the dermis, which is very tough due to the high concentration of ___ fibers

reticular; collagen

Striae indicated a predominance (more than random) of collagen fibers...

running parallel to tension lines

Mammary glands are modified___ glands that develop within the female breast

sebaceous glands

Which of the following statements concerning the subcutaneous tissue is false?

subcutaneous tissue is primarily composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers

What type of skin gland secretes sweat?

sudoriferous gland

My grandson gets "water wrinkles" after bathing for too long. What explains this phenomenon?

swelling of stratum corneum and presence of desmosomes

Surgeons may consider the orientation of which of following when making an incision?

tension (cleavage) lines

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?

the epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis

When you pluck a hair, why does it usually go back?

you pull out the hair, and part of the follicle, but not the matrix