A&P II Cardiolody/Blood Vessels Exam 1

Frank-Starling Principle

"As the amount of blood remaining in the heart after systole increases, the amount of blood moved moved with each beat of the heart also increases." The above phrase defines which term?

fenestrated capillaries

Capillaries containing pores that permit the passage of large molecules are

right atrium

Coronary veins empty into the

relaxes and fills with blood

During a diastole, a chamber of the heart

contracts and pushes blood into the adjacent chamber.

During a systole, a chamber of the heart

repolarizing, relaxing

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are electrically ________ and functionally ________.

stroke volume

During the cardiac cycle, the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle when the semilunar valve opens is the

viscosity about the same as water

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except deep red color. viscosity about the same as water. a built-in system for clotting. the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles. the ability to neutralize acids.

blood flow to the kidneys decline

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

The cardiac muscle has an action potential of longer duration than the skeletal muscle's.

In what way does the action potential differ between skeletal and cardiac muscle?

false, ventricular repolarization

The T wave of an electrocardiogram represents repolarization of the atria. True False

endocardium

The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.

collect blood and pump blood to the ventricles.

The best description of the function of the atria is to

tunica media

The blood vessel layer containing smooth muscle fibers allowing for the processes of vasoconstriction and vasodilation is the

muscular

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

pericardial cavity

The cavity that contains only the heart is the

Mediastinum

The cavity that contains portions of the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems is the:

thoracic cavity

The cavity that contains the lungs, the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea is called the

left coronary artery

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

Arterial systole

The contraction phase of the upper chambers of the heart is called

auricle

The ear-like extension of the atrium is the

coronary

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

4, 3, 2, 5, 1

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which an electrical signal would move through this system is which of the following?

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood returning from systemic circulation?

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

The function of hemoglobin is to

right coronary artery

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

myocardium

The muscle layer of the heart is the

sinoatrial (SA) node

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

Angiogenesis

The process of generating blood vessels from preexisting vessels is called

lungs

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

right ventricle

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

base

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the

right subclavian and right common carotid arteries.

The two branches from the brachiocephalic trunk are the

vena cava

Where does the right atrium receive blood from

O-

Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

ligamentum arteriosum

Which of the following is a fibrous remnant of a fetal connection between the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

tunica intima

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

it is considered a large vein

Which of the following is true regarding the inferior vena cava? It has a very thick tunica media. It carries oxygenated blood. It lacks a tunica externa. It is colored red in diagrams. It is considered a large vein.

tunica externa

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

atrioventricular valves

Which type of valves prevent backflow of blood between the atria and the ventricles?

collaterals

are multiple arteries that fuse in order to serve a single capillary network.

open

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves ____________ .

diabetes

Arteriosclerosis can lead to all of the following except: coronary artery disease. high blood pressure. stroke. diabetes. hypertension.

left coronary artery

Blood is supplied to the left atrium from the heart by way of the

coronary arteries

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

pulmonary valve

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

right atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the body is received by the coronary circuit. right ventricle. right atrium. left atrium. left ventricle.

left atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

false, 38%

Globulins make up 60 percent of the plasma proteins. True False

four protein chains and four heme units

Hemoglobin is a molecule composed of

false

If a student created a model of a vessel and the model has valves, you know that it's a vein. True False

the AV valves will not close properly

If papillary muscles fail to contract, the AV valves will not open. the semilunar valves will not open. the AV valves will not close properly. the semilunar valves will not close proerly. the aorta will not open

there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens

If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then

Platelets

Megakaryocytes shed cytoplasm in small, membrane-enclosed packets that enter the bloodstream as

false

Monocytes enter damaged tissues and release histamines that promote inflammation. True False

recycled to red bone marrow.

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

cardiac muscle cells

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of smooth muscle cells. chondrocytes. cardiac muscle cells. fibrocytes. epithelial cells.

55;45

Plasma percentage of the whole blood volume; formed elements percentage of whole blood volume.

internal jugular vein.

The vein that drains the venous sinuses of the brain is the

intercalated disc

What heart structure connects cardiac muscle cells, is secured by desmosomes, and is linked together by gap junctions?

Trabeculae carneae control the contraction of the walls of the ventricles and the papillary muscles control the movement of the bi-and-tri-cuspid valves.

What is the difference between trabeculae carneae and the papillary muscles?

pumps a lesser volume

When compared to the right ventricle, all of the following are true of the left ventricle except: appears round in cross section. produces about 4-6 times more pressure when it contracts. contracts harder. pumps a lesser volume. has a thicker wall.

Reticulocyte

_______ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.