A&P II Ch.14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Projection fibers link the __________ cortex with the __________.

cerebral; brain stem and other centers

Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from...

Blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.

A(n) ________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time.

Electroencephalogram.

The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the...

Prefrontal cerebral cortex.

The mesencephalon contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention.

Reticular activating system.

The auditory cortex is located in the...

Temporal lobe.

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the...

Thalamus.

The third and fourth ventricles are connected by the __________.

cerebral aqueduct

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the...

Brain stem.

The highest levels of information processing occur in the...

Cerebrum.

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it...

Determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.

The most obvious feature that one notices about the cerebrum is the...

Extensiveness of the gyri and sulci.

Stimulation of the ________ within the hypothalamus produces the sensation of hunger.

Feeding center.

Emotions and behavioral drives are associated with the...

Hypothalamus.

The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are...

III, IV, and VI.

Which of the following cranial reflexes is NOT somatic?

direct light reflex

Which of these cerebral lobes is INCORRECTLY identified?

parietal lobe—lateral and inferior lobe

The inner meninx adhering to the tissues of the brain is the __________.

pia mater

The postcentral gyrus contains association cells of the __________.

primary sensory cortex

The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the...

Cerebral aqueduct.

The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus:

Control feeding reflexes.

The pons is involved in all of the following EXCEPT __________.

Control of food intake.

The ________ are the four masses on the posterior of the midbrain.

Corpora quadrigemina.

Which of these cranial nerves does NOT carry motor impulses to the eyes?

Cranial nerve II.

Which of the following statements about cerebrospinal fluid is FALSE?

It is absorbed into arterial circulation at arachnoid granulations.

Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier?

It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds, The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions, Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries, It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus.

The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the...

Lateral geniculates.

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the...

Occipital lobe.

The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is...

Olfaction.

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the...

Olfactory bulb.

Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of...

Parkinson's disease.

The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the...

Pia mater.

Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?

Reduced ability to regulate body temperature.

Which of the following help to protect the brain?

The CSF, the blood-brain barrier, the cranial meninges, the bones of the skull.

Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because...

The vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.

Which of the following is a function of the diencephalon?

To secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), to process and transmit sensory information, to regulate body temperature.

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called...

Ventricles.

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the...

Vermis.

Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?

Weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Damage to the cerebellum could be diagnosed by observing __________.

ataxia, or loss of balance

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the __________.

cerebral ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal of the spinal cord

Which of the following pairs of cranial reflexes and associated responses is INCORRECT?

corneal reflex—constriction of contralateral pupil

The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a broad band of white matter called the __________.

corpus callosum

The falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli are __________.

dural folds

What are the major arteries supplying the brain?

internal carotids and vertebrals

Which of the following white-matter structures links the frontal lobe to other lobes of the same hemisphere?

longitudinal fasciculi

The most posterior part of the brain, which integrates into the spinal cord, is the __________.

medulla oblongata

The corpora quadrigemina are part of the __________.

mesencephalon

Which of these does NOT correctly link developing areas of the brain?

mesencephalon to metencephalon

Three of these choices are exceptions to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS. Which choice maintains the BBB?

superior sagittal sinus and arachnoid villi

The cerebrum develops from which portion of the embryonic brain?

telencephalon

The fold that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum is formed by the __________.

tentorium cerebelli

Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?

Hearing and equilibrium.

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories.

Hippocampus.

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

Hypoglossal.

The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

Hypothalamus.

Which of the following statements about the cranial meninges is INCORRECT?

In cranial trauma, the pia mater provides the brain with the greatest protection from trauma by hitting the bones of the cranium.

Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in...

Increased consciousness.

The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the...

Inferior colliculi.

The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.

Infundibulum.

The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the...

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries.

The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because...

It controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it.

The tenth cranial nerve is the __________.

vagus nerve

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves.

12.

Which of the following statements about the limbic system is FALSE?

A major part of the limbic system is the reticular formation, composed of the cerebral nuclei and centered in the lower cerebrum.

Which of the following statements about the cerebellum is FALSE?

All of the listed responses are true; none are false.

Tic douloureux is...

Also called trigeminal neuralgia, triggered by contact with the lip tongue or gums, characterized by almost totally debilitating pain, a disorder of the maxillary and mandibular branches of nerve V.

The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching array called the...

Arbor vitae.

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas.

Association.

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as...

Ataxia.

Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system?

Functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather.

Which of the following statements is descriptive NOT of the medulla oblongata but of the spinal cord?

Gray matter in this area is organized into posterior, lateral, and anterior horns.

Elevated ridges on the surface of the brain are called __________.

Gyri

The elevated ridges of the cerebrum are called...

Gyri.

Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is INCORRECT?

The hypothalamus controls voluntary somatic motor activity.

Which of the following could have resulted from stimulating the limbic system of a patient undergoing brain surgery?

The patient became agitated and angry.

Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to.

The prefrontal cortex.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

adjusting postural muscles

The general interpretive area is __________.

all of the listed characteristics

Broca's area is __________.

also called the motor speech area

A disorder affecting the ability to speak, called __________, results from damage to the __________ area of the brain.

aphasia; general interpretive

A patient walks into the emergency room and is having difficulty speaking and moving his tongue. Which of the cranial nerves would you suspect has been damaged?

hypoglossal (XII)

Which of the following brain components is NOT considered part of the brain stem?

hypothalamus

The visual association area is located in the __________.

occipital lobe

Which of the following is the correct linkage between an area of the cerebral cortex and its function?

premotor cortex—coordination of learned motor responses

Which of the following is NOT a function of the medulla oblongata?

relaying sensory and motor information to the cerebellum

Jennifer tries to dress in the dark so as not to disturb her roommate, Joann. Jennifer feels the clothes in her closet until she recognizes her favorite silk blouse. Which part of the brain allowed Jennifer to recognize her blouse by using her sense of touch?

right cerebral hemisphere

Ependymal cells work to...

secrete CSF into the ventricles, surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus, remove waste products from CSF, adjust the composition of CSF.

Which of these is NOT a function of the cerebral nuclei?

sending sensory information to the spinal cord

The right cerebral hemisphere receives sensory input from and controls movement of __________.

the left side of the body