A&P II Chapter 20 (Lecture Exam 2)
A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is A. blood hydrostatic pressure B. positive interstitial pressure C. blood colloid osmotic pressure D. critical closing pressure E. lymph pressure
A
Atherosclerosis involves a A. sustained increase in blood flow that leads to decreases in venous resistance to keep blood pressure constant B. sustained increase in resistance that leads to increases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow C. sustained decrease in resistance that leads to decreases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow D. sustained decrease in blood flow that leads to increases in arterial diameter to lower resistance and raise pressure E. sustained increase in blood pressure that leads to compensatory vasodilation
A
Excitation of the vasomotor center results in A. increased sympathetic activity and predominantly more vasoconstriction than vasodilation. B. increased parasympathetic activity and predominantly more vasodilation than vasoconstriction. C. increased autonomic activity that increases heart rate and dilates blood vessels. D. decreased autonomic activity that decreases heart rate and constricts blood vessels. E. redistribution of blood flow away from the skeletal muscles and toward the skin.
A
If someone were to decrease their food intake and increase aerobic exercise, they might lose adipose tissue and condition their muscles. These changes would also influence their blood vessels, as there would be A. regression of blood vessels in adipose tissue and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle B. angiogenesis in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle C. regression of blood vessels in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle D. angiogenesis in adipose tissue and regression of blood vessels in skeletal muscle E. changes in the diameter of blood vessels, but no angiogenesis nor regression
A
The umbilical arteries carry ________ blood. A. deoxygenated B. oxygenated C. lymph but not
A
Which type of veins connect two primary capillary networks? A. portal veins B. venous sinuses C. venules D. vaso vasorum
A
A force that attracts fluid into the capillary from the tissue spaces is A. blood hydrostatic pressure B. negative interstitial pressure C. blood colloid osmotic pressure D. venous pressure E. active transport
C
Aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide have ________ effects on blood pressure. A. similar B. opposite
B
Blood pressure is lowest in A. arteries B. veins C. arterioles D. venules E. capillaries
B
Increased cardiac output ______ the blood pressure. A. decreases B. increases C. will not affect
B
Systolic blood is recorded A. in arteries and is the minimum pressure that is recorded during ventricular relaxation B. in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction C. in veins and is the maximal pressure recorded during atrial contraction D. in veins and is the minimum pressure recorded during atrial relaxation E. in both arteries and veins and is the maximum pressure recorded during diastole of the heart
B
The cardiac center of the brainstem includes the A. cardioacceleratory center, from which parasympathetic pathways extend B. cardioacceleratory center, from which sympathetic pathways extend C. vasomotor center, from which parasympathetic pathways extend D. cardioinhibitory center, from which sympathetic pathways extend E. all of the choices are correct
B
The vasa vasorum A. are incompetent valves in the large veins B. are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins C. are the blood vessels that supply blood to the vas deferens D. are blood vessels that directly connect arteries to veins E. supply blood to skeletal muscle
B
Which of the following organs would be most likely to contain fenestrated capillaries? A. spleen B. kidney C. bone marrow D. muscle E. pancreas
B
Which statement is CORRECT? A. For an artery and vein of the same diameter, the vein would have a thicker wall. B. Veins contain valves and arteries do not. C. Blood pressure is lower in arteries than in veins. D. When empty, an artery is more likely to be collapsed (flattened) than a vein E. Both arteries and veins are under pressure.
B
atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates A. vasoconstriction, increased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure B. vasodilation, increased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure C. vasoconstriction, decreased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure D. vasodilation, decreased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure E. vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and therefore increased blood pressure
B
Angiotensin II causes A. increased heart rate, vasodilation, and less urine formation B. decreased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and increased urine formation C. vasoconstriction, decrease urine formation, and increased thirst D. decreased thirst, vasodilation, and increased urine formation E. vasoconstriction, increased urine formation, and decreased thirst
C
Continuous capillaries A. have many thin areas called fenestrae B. are freely permeable to large molecules such as hormones C. have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together D. are more permeable then fenestrated capillaries but not as permeable as sinusoidal capillaries E. are characterized by continuous pores
C
If someone's blood pressure were listed as 125/75mmHg, then their pulse pressure would be A. 125mmHg B. 5/3 C. 50 mmHg D. 40 mmHg E. 100 mmHg
C
Peripheral resistance is A. directly related to both vessel length and radius B. inversely related to both vessel length and radius C. directly related to vessel length and inversely related to vessel radius D. inversely related to vessel length and directly related to vessel radius
C
The respiratory pump assists blood movement within the veins of the trunk, because as a person inspires, A. intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure both increase B. intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure both decrease C. intra-abdominal pressure increases and intrathoracic pressure decrease D. intra-abdominal pressure decreases and intrathoracic pressure increase
C
What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart? A. arteriole, artery, capillary, vein, venule B. capillary, arteriole, artery, vein, venule C. artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein D. vein, capillary, artery, arteriole, venule E. artery, venule, capillary, arteriole, vein
C
Which fetal circulatory structure shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta? A. Foramen ovale B. Ductus venous C. Ductus arteriosus D. Umbilical vein E. Umbilical artery
C
Which kind of vessel provides a bypass for a capillary bed? A. sinusoid B. portal vein C. thoroughfare channel D. vasa vasorum E. metarteriole
C
Artherosclerosis is the A. hypertrophy of the tunica intima B. stretching of arterial walls C. inflammation of veins D. deposition of plaques in arterial walls
D
Imagine someone who drank too much water before running a race. Their very watery blood would have A. high viscosity and therefore have high resistance B. high viscosity and therefore have low resistance C. low viscosity and therefore have high resistance D. low viscosity and therefore have low resistance
D
Net filtration pressure (NFP) is equal to the A. blood hydrostatic pressure minus the tissue hydrostatic pressure B. colloid osmotic pressure in the blood divided by resistance in the tissue C. blood pressure times the total peripheral resistance D. net hydrostatic pressure minus the net colloid osmotic pressure
D
Precapillary sphincters A. serve as valves in veins B. are found in the tunica media C. carry blood under high pressure D. control the blood flow into capillary beds E. are voluntary structures
D