A&P II Chapter 29

A complement of an individual's chromosomes displayed as homologous pairs is called the ________.

karyotype

Genes on the same chromosome are said to be __________.

linked

In this figure, hair color genes and eye color genes are located on the same chromosome. Since these genes are transmitted as a unit to daughter cells during mitosis, we describe these genes as __________.

linked

Nuclear DNA is NOT the only source of genetic information in the cell. Which of the following is another source of DNA in the cell?

mitochondria

The genetic determination of blood type is based on __________ inheritance.

multiple-allele

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic diversity that arises during meiosis?

mutation

During what phase of meiosis do the tetrads align together in preparation for being separated?

metaphase I

A condition known as __________ can result when heterozygous individuals exhibit a phenotype intermediate between homozygous individuals, and both alleles are expressed in the offspring.

incomplete dominance

Skin color, controlled by three separately inherited genes that each exist in two allelic forms (A, a; B, b; C, c), is an example of which form of inheritance?

polygene inheritance

What type of inheritance uses multiple gene loci to produce one overall phenotype?

polygenic inheritance

Which of the following terms applies to a continuous phenotypic variation between two extremes?

polygenic inheritance

The allele with less potency, which is present but NOT expressed, is the __________ allele.

recessive

During metaphase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes and the alleles they possess are distributed to different gametes. What is this called?

segregation

Genes present only on the X chromosome are called ________.

sex-linked genes

Which type of inheritance involves genes found on the non-autosomal chromosomes?

sex-linked inheritance

Which of the following is an example of a disorder that exhibits incomplete dominance?

sickle-cell anemia

During amniocentesis, a needle withdraws fluid from __________.

the amniotic sac

Autosomes are pairs of chromosomes that contain genes for determining ________.

body characteristics

Genes that code for the same genetic trait are __________.

alleles

Using the information provided in this figure, what is the probability of producing a homozygous dominant offspring?

25%

Using the information provided in this figure, what is the probability of producing an offspring who CANNOT roll his or her tongue?

25%

What is the result of one chromatid segment forming a chiasma with a homologous chromatid segment?

recombinant chromosomes

A heterozygous individual will have two of the same alleles in a chromosome pair

False

If white flowers are crossed with red flowers and the resulting plants have pink flowers, that condition is known as ________.

incomplete dominance

Use the following information to solve the problem using a Punnett square. Assume that the dominant "B" allele encodes brown eyes and the recessive "b" allele encodes blue eyes. An individual with the genotype BB has children by mating with an individual of the genotype bb. What is the percent chance that they would have children with blue eyes?

0%

Chimpanzees have a diploid number of 48. How many total chromosomes should each of their diploid body cells have?

48

Males are more likely to inherit hemophilia because it is a result of receiving the sex-linked gene from the father.

False

You have performed electrophoresis on a sample of normal hemoglobin (HbA), sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS), a mixture containing HbA + HbS, and a sample of hemoglobin from a patient. The patient sample shows 2 bands, one at the same distance as the HbA band and one at the same distance as the HbS band. What is true about your patient?

The patient has sickle-cell trait.

ABO blood types are determined by three alleles designated IA, IB, and i. A person with alleles IA and i will have the blood type

A

If the probability of an event occurring is 50%, what is the probability of that event occurring 5 times in a row?

1/32

What is the probability of the same couple having three girls in a row?

1/8

At how many weeks of pregnancy can chorionic villus sampling (CVS) be safely performed?

10 weeks

The ability to roll the tongue into a U shape may be assigned to a single dominant allele, T. Suppose a homozygous tongue roller had a child with a heterozygous tongue roller. What proportion of their children could roll their tongues?

100%

What is the probability of a male having color blindness if his X chromosome carries the c allele? (He is X c . X C determines normal color vision, it is dominant. X c determines color blindness.)

100%

The inheritance of sickle cell anemia involves incomplete dominance. (S determines normal hemoglobin, it is dominant; s is the sickle cell gene). A homozygous recessive person has sickle cell anemia. A heterozygous person has the sickle cell trait. If parental genotypes are SS and ss , what is the probability of offspring having the sickle cell trait?

100%; all are Ss

How many autosomes pairs do humans have?

22

How many chromosomes are in a haploid human cell?

23

For a cell with five homologous pairs, calculate how many different gamete types can result from meiosis.

32

The probability of a certain event occurring is defined as: P = number of specific events/total number of events. If an event happens one out of every two times its probability is ________.

50%

At least three genes control skin color. How many possible combinations of skin color result from those three genes?

64

The ability to roll the tongue into a U shape may be assigned to a single dominant allele, T. Using the information provided in this figure, what is the probability of producing an offspring who can roll his or her tongue?

75%

Sam has type A blood. Which of the following blood types are NOT at all possible for Sam's offspring?

All of the listed blood types are possible.

If two parents are heterozygous (Tt) for a trait, which of the following is NOT a possibility for their offspring?

All of their offspring would be dominant for the trait.

Which statement is most correct?

Alleles are variations of the same gene.

Suppose that a child received one of the purple chromosomes (top) from their father and one of the green ones (bottom) from their mother. What he or she look like?

He or she would have brown hair and brown eyes.

You observe that your friend has dimples. Dimples result from the presence of the dominant gene D; absence of dimples is a homozygous recessive condition (dd). What genotype or genotypes might your friend have?

DD or Dd

Because lethal dominant genes are always expressed and result in the death of the embryo, fetus, or child, dominant gene disorders are NOT seen among adults.

False

The genes for color blindness are sex-linked and recessive. What is not true about the expression of color blindness?

It is frequently seen in women.

What phenotype is associated with the genotype 47, XXY?

Klinefelter's syndrome

What is true about the sex chromosomes?

Possession of the Y chromosome determines maleness.

A __________ is used to demonstrate the genotypes of potential offspring that might result from mating.

Punnett square

The X and Y sex chromosomes are NOT homologous.

True

The Y chromosome is only about one-third the size of the X chromosome, and it lacks many of the genes that are found on the X chromosome.

True

The inheritance of ABO blood type involves three possible alleles.

True

Your genotype is a description of your combination of alleles for a given phenotype.

True

Your phenotype is the physical output of your genotype.

True

You notice that both of your parents have a widow's peak that is determined by the dominant allele W. You however, have a straight hairline, which is a homozygous recessive condition (ww). What are the possible genotypes of your parents?

Ww and Ww

Possession of the __________ chromosome determines maleness.

Y

A pair of chromosomes, one from the egg and one from the sperm, that carry complete (or nearly complete) genetic instructions for the same traits are called ________.

a homologous pair

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation?

age of either or both parents

Genotype is ________.

an individual's actual genetic makeup

Pedigrees and blood tests are both means of __________.

carrier recognition

What type of fetal testing provides results within a day or so of the test?

chorionic villus sampling

Inheritance of ABO blood types is an example of ________.

codominance

Freckles are a completely dominant trait. Both of Jason's parents have freckles. Jason does NOT have freckles. What type of inheritance describes this situation?

complete dominance

Which of these genetic conditions is displayed by the tongue-rolling example in this figure?

complete dominance

An allele that can mask another allele is said to be __________.

dominant

If an individual has alleles for a particular trait that differ in their expression, and one of the alleles always exerts its effect, the individual is said to express the ________ gene.

dominant

Incomplete dominance occurs when ________.

each of the alleles is partially expressed

Alleles are ________.

genes coding for the same trait on a pair of homologous chromosomes

Which of the following is specifically associated with the formation and dissociation of chiasmata?

genetic variability

If a person is homozygous for a particular trait, the alleles for that trait ________.

have the same expression

Which of the following exemplifies polygenic inheritance?

height

If the genotype of an individual contains alleles for a particular trait that differ in their expression, the individual is said to be ________ for that trait.

heterozygous

Which of the following is a noninvasive method for predicting genetic disease?

pedigree

Which of the following are NOT a part of the genome control system?

phenocopies

The physical appearance of an individual's genetic makeup, the characteristics that we can see, is that person's __________.

phenotype

Which of the following does NOT match the term to its correct definition/description?

recessive: gene expressed when present

Predict the phenotype of a particular individual if the genotype of both parents is TT (T determines tallness, it is dominant; t determines dwarfism, it is recessive).

the person is tall

Why are both paternal and maternal chromosomes present in some gametes?

to increase variability in the offspring

If the parental genotypes for sickle cell anemia/trait are Ss and ss , what is the probability of offspring having the sickle cell trait? If there is some probability of offspring having sickle cell anemia, what is that probability?

trait 50%; anemia 50%

Using the information provided in this figure, what is the genotype of a homozygous recessive offspring?

tt