A&P II EXAM 2

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count.

Which condition would a patient have if she had a depressed hematocrit level? (Module 17.4C)

anemia

What superficial landmark identifies the boundary between the left and right ventricles?

anterior interventricular sulcus

Name the two lobes of the pituitary gland. (Module 16.6A)

anterior lobe and posterior lobe

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

antibodies

The inferior point of the heart is called the

apex.

What is the first phase of the cardiac cycle?

atrial systole

List the phases of the cardiac cycle. (Module 18.10A)

atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole

Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood? (Module 17.7D)

A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood.

Describe the functional aspects of RBCs. (Module 17.5A)

RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio,exhibit the ability to form stacks, and they are flexible.

The most common form of hemolytic disease of the newborn happens after a __________ woman has carried a __________ fetus.

Rh-, Rh+

Why is RhoGAM administered to pregnant Rh women ? (Module 17.8B)

RhoGAM contains anti-Rh antibodies, which circulate in the mothers' bloodstream to destroy any fetal RBCs there, thereby preventing the mother from making antibodies against the developing fetus's red blood cells.

Why does tetany not occur in cardiac muscle? (Module 18.11A)

Tetany does not occur because cardiac muscle has a long refractory period that continues until relaxation is well under way so summation cannot occur, and thus tetany cannot occur.

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

auricle.

Describe the location and position of the heart. (Module 18.1A)

The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, directly behind the sternum.

Describe the heart's location in the body. (Module 18.2B)

The heart is surrounded by the pericardium in the anterior mediastinum, deep to the sternum and superior to the diaphragm.

Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle? (Module 18.6A)

The left ventricle must generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circuit, whereas the right ventricle must generate only enough force to propel blood the short distance from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit.

The bicuspid, or mitral, valve is located

between the left atrium and left ventricle.

All of the following are targets for insulin except

blood cells.

The heart is innervated by ________ nerves.

both parasympathetic and sympathetic

Calcitonin:

can be administered clinically to treat several metabolic disorders associated with elevated calcium levels and excessive bone formation.

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

cardiac tamponade.

The endocrine system works most closely with the ________ system to maintain homeostasis.

cardiovascular

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with

closing of the mitral valve.

The function of the atrium is to

collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle.

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

coronary

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with type O- blood? (Module 17.7C)

They can receive only O- blood.

What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine systems? (Module 16.1A)

To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone.

Identify the components of the cardiovascular system. (Module 17.1A)

heart, blood, and blood vessels

All of the following blood diseases are caused by pathogens except

hemophilia.

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by all of the following except

increase sweat gland secretions.

The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentration? (Module 16.11B)

insulin

The ________ separate(s) the two ventricles.

interventricular septum

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their

lack of nucleus.

Name the four chambers of the heart. (Module 18.1C)

left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

left atrium.

The condition known as goiter can result from too

little iodine in the diet.

All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except

lymph vessels.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes.

Identify the two types of leukemia. (Module 17.11B)

myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia

A cancer involving neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils is called a

myeloid leukemia.

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils.

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils.

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

oxytocin.

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone.

The cavity that contains only the heart is the

pericardial cavity.

Which blood disorder involves a deficiency of Vitamin B12?

pernicious anemia

PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________.

prolactin; corticotropin

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

pulmonary valve

The right atrium receives blood from all of the following except the

pulmonary veins.

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow.

Coronary veins empty into the

right atrium.

The wall(s) of the ________ rest(s) on the diaphragm.

right ventricle

Identify the correct sequence for blood flow through the heart.

right ventricle, through pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries

When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis.

separated

Which is a function of melatonin in humans?

sets circadian rhythms

The normal pH of blood is

slightly alkaline.

Which type of hormone diffuses across the plasma membrane and binds to receptors in the cytoplasm? (Module 16.4C)

steroid hormones

The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.

suprarenal

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called

tachycardia.

The testes produce

testosterone.

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

the sinoatrial node.

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

the ventricles will beat more slowly.

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B antibodies.

The amount of blood returning to the heart is the

venous return.

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents

ventricular repolarization.

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except

viscosity about the same as water.

As the heart rate slows, ________ get(s) longer.

diastole

Define autorhythmicity. (Module 18.12A)

Autorhythmicity is the ability of the heart to contract without neural or hormonal stimulation.

The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.

100,000

There are ________ pulmonary veins.

4

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.

5 to 6

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?

9

Define hormone receptor. (Module 16.4A)

A hormone receptor is a protein located outside or inside the cell that binds with a specific hormone.

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH.

What condition is characterized by increased body weight due to Na+ and water retention and a low blood K+ concentration? (Module 16.18C)

Aldosteronism

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

All of the answers are correct.

Why is it important that cardiac tissue contain many mitochondria and capillaries? (Module 18.3C)

Cardiac tissue is metabolically active and dependent on mitochondrial activity to use aerobic respiration to generate ATP and capillaries provide the oxygen and nutrients for this process.

Define diabetes mellitus. (Module 16.13A)

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.

Define heart failure. (Module 18.16A)

Heart failure is a condition where the heart can no longer meet the oxygen and nutrient demands of peripheral tissues.

Define hematocrit. (Module 17.2B)

Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements.

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Hormones

What is the most common blood type in the United States? (Module 17.7B)

O+

Type O+ blood cannot be given to a type __________ recipient.

O-

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

PRL

Intercalated discs serve to transfer all of the following from cell to cell except

Z-lines.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole.

end-diastolic volume

Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called

erythropoietin (EPO).

Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases of hemostasis?

fibrinous

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance.

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released.