A&P II Final
sacroplasmic recticulum which is the muscle version of the smooth endoplasmic recticulum
100% of the calcium ions required for the contraction of the skeletal muscle fibers come from the _________
saddle
1st carpometacarpal
greenstick
A 5 year old has a fracture of the right distal humerus. The x-ray showed that one side of the bone is bent while the other is broken. This is known as a _________ fracture.
flase
A joint is not moveable while an articulation allows some range of motion. T or F
True
A module quiz may include questions about previous modules' concepts. This is possible when the material being assessed requires firm understanding of those previous concepts. T or F
18% 3rd degree burn
A patient arrives at the ER with a full charring of the skin on the majority of their lower limb. How would you classify the burn?
-the cortical thickness of the tibia diaphysis, the weight bone bearing of body, is likely to have increased -bone markings involved in maintaining the center of gravity such as the greater trochanter of the femurs is likely to have enlarged -as long as this patient has maintained a balanced diet and has no issue in term of calcium homeostasis, the bone density may have increased
A patient's weight has increased steadily and significantly over the past 10 years. What would you predict inn term of bone remodeling?
Z lines/discs
A sacromere is the area of a myofibril between two _________-
true
A very heavy object falls on the proximal part of one of your nails. Chances are that you have damaged the nail root and nail matrix and that your nail will fall off. T OR F
structural type of bone
All the answers below influence bone remodeling, except:
number of insertions
All the criteria below can be used to name muscles, except:
false
All the internal organs are protected by bones. T or F
just good study habits
Arriving on time for our class meetings, checking Canvas for the material covered during a missed meeting (including prompts of activities) are all:
thick
Based on its epidermal structure, the photo is from a section of ______ skin
the shape of the bones
Based on which criterion do we classify bones as flat, irregular, short, long, and seasmoid?
flat
Bones that overall have the same thickness throughout are structurally classified as _________ bones
irritability
Both excitbility and _________ illustrate the ability of skeletal muscles to respond to a stimulus by triggering and propagating an electrical signal
5/30 = 1/6
Calculate the mechanical advantage MA of the system below. LA=30 cm PA=5 cm
-a newton is abbreviated N -in an isometric contraction, the work is nul since it is the effort force multiplied bu the distance -forces are expressed in newtons (N) -forces have a direction -a newton is calculated as a mass in kg multiplied by the acceleration in m/s^2 -the resistance is the force exerted by the load
Choose all the answers that apply to forces.
-the eccrine sweat glands, the only sweat glands active before puberty, release a largely odorless water-based secretion via exocytosis -the sweat glands responsible for body odor are the apocrine sweat glands that only get activated by hormones at puberty
Choose all the answers that correctly explain why children should not have smelly sweat before they reach puberty
-skin -hair -sudorfierous, sebacoues, mammary, and ceruminous glands -nails -sensory receptors
Choose all the structures that belong to the integumentary system
-their own tendons -bones -other skeletal muscles -the dermis
Choose all the structures/tissues/organs to which skeletal muscles can attach
sagittal suture, intervertebral discs, temporomandibular joint
Choose the answer that lists joints from the least to the most moveable
type and amount of melanin
Hair color depends on which pigmnet(s)?
true
Each bone is a single organ. T or F
dislocation
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are genetic disorders of the connective tissues. The most severe form is often associated with extremely loose joints and joints pain. The main risk associated to the loose joints is _________ of synovial joints.
C
For most of the programs (nursing, radiological sciences, ect..) that require 2-semester A&P course series, one must earn at least an ______ in both A&P 1 and 2
-axial muscle -inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone -muscle of the anterior neck -originates from the sternum and the clavicle -allows flexion of the neck and lateral rotation of the head
From its name, what can you infer about the sternocleidomastoid?
-while the bicepts brachii is an arm muscle the bicepts femoris is a thigh muscle -both muscles are appendicular muscles -both muscles have 2 origins
From their names, select all the statements that illustrate commonalities or differences between the bicepts brachii and bicepts femoris.
synarthrosis
Gomphoses, synchondroses, sutures, and synostoses belong to the same functional category of joints. Which one?
Granulosum layer
Identify the epidermal layer shown by the arrow
-the bone density and even the bone mass decrease over time -the bones would become more porous with decreased mineralization of the spongy bone tissue
If a tumor develops in a parathyroid gland it can cause the gland to continuously release high levels of parathyroid hormone (called hyperparathyroidism). What impact, if any, would you predict hyperparathyroidism to have on the bones?
False, but you will be so well prepared that you will not need any, will you?
If you fill each module study guide, you will get extra-credit points. T or F
minor
If you have a zygomaticus major, you would likely have a zygomaticus _________
hair matrix
In which part of the hair do we find dividing, growing, and metabolically active cells?
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
Joints are structurally classified in ___________
-karin's melanocytes more likely synthesize less melanin than rachel's -karin and rachel more likely synthesize different forms of melanin
Karin has a fair skin and Rachel has a darker complexion. What is the most likely explanation for the skin complexion difference between those 2 persons?
contraction of a muscle usually moves its insertion towards its origin(s)
Knowing the origin(s) and the insertion of a muscle helps to determine the movement permitted by the contracting muscle. Choose the statement that best supports this fact.
muscular system, skeletal system, move body parts
Lever systems illustrate how the cooperation between body systems is required for complex body functions. With lever systems, the _______________ and the ____________ cooperate to __________________
-a mechanical advantage>1 -a resistance between the fulcrum and the effort -little range of motion
Lever systems that are mechanically advantageous are characterized by:
dense regular fibrous tissue
Ligaments are joint structures made of __________
those quizzes can only be taken on a computer or an IPAD
Module quizzes require to use lockdown and respondus monitor
circumduction
Moving the index finger so it describes a cone in space is called __________
abduction
Moving the lower limb away from the body within a frontal place is called ________
-just try answering indicating where you are blocking -it is not about being correct/right, it is truly about exercising the brain, making it do some gym... and this way, the instructor knows where the learners are blocking! even if wrong, a learner who tries will get participation points!
Participation is worth 20% in this course. This is crazy scary... what if you do not understand a concept in class and I am asking you?
synovial
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?
step 2 in the 4 main steps of the ossification process(intramembranous ossification)
Secretion of osteoid by osteoblasts, calcification of osteoid, differentiate of osteoblasts in osteocytes
-a fibrocartilage callus is formed after the blood flow is stopped -the fibrocartilage callus is replaced by bone tissue within a couple of months following the fracture in a process that is reminiscent of endochondral ossification -once can see the location of a previous fracture on X-rays for many months or even years (depending on the extent of the initial break) after the fracture is healed because of the remodeling taking place to remove the body callus
Select all the answers that apply to bone repair
-osteoclasts -osteoblasts
Select all the cells that are part of the bone remodeling unit
-the homeostatic control of calcemia is about maintaining the levels of Ca++ in the blood within a physiological range, irrespectively of the bone tissue health -aging is known to be accompanied by a decline in the ability to form new bone tissue and mineralize it adequately. Hence promoting bone mineralization as bones form in childhood and exercising regularly in adulthood will promote long-lasting bone health -Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are the main hormones regulating calcemia by negative feedback -Calcitriol is necessary to promote calcium absorption from the diet and calcium reabsorption from the forming urine, thereby increasing serum calcium levels when a calcium-rich diet is followed. This helps maintaining both calcemia and health bone health -Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D; vitamin D is synthesized by the keratinocytes of the epidermis -In absence of vitamin D, calcemia can still be maintained in adults, albeit at the expense of bone health -Because some hormones involved in regulating calcemia use the bone as a calcium ion reservoir, having a calcium-rich diet helps preventing bone resorption to maintain calcemia
Select all the choices that apply to the homeostatic control of calcemia and its interactions with bone tissue homeostasis
-Also called the subcutaneous membrane/layer -one may found Pacinian receptors embedded in it -Quasi absent deep of the crease lines -Made of connective tissue among which mostly the connective specialized adipose tissue -vascularized
Select all the choices that apply to the hypodermis.
-functionally classified as amphiarthroses -structurally classified as cartilaginous/symphysis
Select all the choices that apply to the intervertebral discs
-smooth muscle tissue -cardiac muscle tissue -skeletal muscle tissue -skeletal muscles
Select all the components of the muscular system.
-symphysis are cartilaginous amphiathrotic joints -fibrous joints are normally synarthroses but some like the syndesmoses are amphiarthrosises -synotoses are usually cartilaginous joints that have ossified -sutures are fibrous synarthrotic joints -synchondroses can be temporary or premanent -cartilaginous joints are mostly amphiarthrosis, but some like the synchondroses are synarthroses -all synovial joints are diathroses
Select all the correct choices about the joints.
-full charring of the skin -basal cell carcinoma -sunburn -melanoma
Select all the examples of major skin imbalances
coxal and glenohumeral
Select all the joints that allow abduction and adduction.
Carotene, melanin, hemoglobin
Select all the molecules that determine and influence the complexion of an idividual.
-circumduction -abduction, adduction -flexion, extension, hyperextension -medial and lateral rotations
Select all the movements at the glenohumeral joint.
-cleavage or tension lines -epidermal ridges -crease or flexure lines
Select all the skin characteristics that are true anatomical skin markings
-thick skin is not hairy; thin skin is hairy excepting at the fingertips and toe tips -the thick skin covers the plantar and palmar regions only -the stratum lucidum is an epidermal layer specific of the thick skin
Select all the statements that differentiate thick and thin skin.
located exclusively within the appendicular skeleton
Select the answer that best applies to the long bones
the cruciate ligaments maintain the alignment of the femur and the tibia during repeated flexion/extensions
Select the statement that best applies to the cruciate ligaments
-module introduction. The instructor posted a 3 min video showing how to set up course specific notificaitons
Setting up the notifications for your grades, deadlines, announcement from our canvas course shell can be very useful! Yes but where to find information about how to set up notifications and can you have some of them coming directly to your phone as text messages?
True
Since ligaments are types of joints they belong to the skeletal system. T or F
-decreased production of synovial fluid -thinning of the articular cartilage -decreased flexibility of the stabilizing ligaments
Thankfully we are not all going to suffer from arthritis as we get older. However what we can all expect, to some degree, with our synovial joints?
acetabelum
The "socket" of the coxal joint is called _________
A-asymmetry B-border C-color D-diameter E-evolving
The ABCDE rule?
humeri
The ______ are to the upper limb what the femurs are to the lower legs.
true
The accessory structures of the skin (hair, nails, and glands) all derive from the epidermis. T or F
effort
The amount of tension that a muscle develops when contracting is called
-firbrous/synarthrotic -sutures
The collagen fibers are the shortest for which types of joints?
A band
The darker portion of the sacromere composed of thick filaments with more or less overlapping thin filaments is called the ____________
false
The endosteum that lines the medullary cavity of long bones is made of epithelial tissue. T or F
-structurally classified as a cartilaginous joint -will mature into a synostosis
The epiphyseal plate is a temporary synchondrosis Select all that applies to this statement.
synovial/diathrosis
The facet joints between adjacent vertebrae are ___________ (structural)/_________________(functional) joints
periosteum
The fibrous membrane covering the entire outer surface of the bone except where the bones are articulating is called the _________
lateral/medial
The fibula is _______ to the tibia but the ulna is _________ to the radius . Yet both the fibula and the ulna are aligned with the 5th digit of the foot and hand respectively.
all the material covered during the semester is fair game for the exam
The final examination is entirely comprehensive. What does it mean?
isotonic concentric
The flexion at the elbow joint is a ________ contraction
250 N
The mechanical advantage of a lever system is 1/5. How much effort does it take to hold a load of 5 kg? Use g=10 m/s^2
True
The more moveable a joint is, and the least stable it is. T or F
true
The overlap between the thin and the thick filaments in the A band of each sacromere increases when the muscle fiber contracts. This also means that the H zone of each sacromere gets smaller even though the length of the A band remains constant. Overall the entire muscle fibers get darker. T or F
endomysium
The perimysium is to a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers what the ________ is to a single skeletal muscle fiber
elasticity
The properties of skeletal muscles and all the muscle tissue types to return to their initial length after being stretched is called
False, in fact, they need to be completed by the deadline to earn points
The readiness quizzes are optional. T or F
true
The skin has an endocrine function. This is through via vitamin D, a precursor of the hormone called calcitirol; calcitriol plays an important role in regulating calcemia. T or F
synaptic cleft
The space between an axon terminal and the motor plate part of the sarcolemma is called the ________
masseter
The temporalis and the __________ are axial/head and neck muscles used for masication.
-extension -hyperextension -flexion
The tibiofemural is classically classified as a hinge joint. Given the structural classification which movements do you predict it to allow?
sacromere
The unit of contraction of the skeletal muscles is the
-You will be able to get extra-credit quesitons at the module quizzes for instance. But usually those are short answer/essay questons -Yes, there are option for extra-credit points in the course. They will just be embedded in graded assignments. Or you can earn extra-credit points. For instance the information sheet if returned by the deadline is worth 10 points out of 0! This means 10 extra-credit points for the participation category of assignments.
There is no extra-credit assignments like we used to have in the fall semester. Does this mean you will never have any chance to get any extra-credit?
parietal bones
Which of these bones does NOT make the ventral part of the carnium
rotation
Which of these movements is not an angular movement?
flexion
Which of these movements is not classified as a special movement?
-a synonym for osteon is Harvesian system -the central canal, labeled B is called the harvesian canal
This is a micrograph of an osteon.
sphincter muscles (concentric organization of the muscle fibers)
This is the orbicularis oculi and orbiculatis oris
T or transverse tubules
Tunnel-like extensions of the sacrolemma into the depth of each muscle fiber are called ___________
amphiarthrosis
We typically are concerned only with our shin bones, but there are 2 bones between the knee and the ankle. These are called the tibia (the major bone, or shin bone) and the fibula (the minor bone). They dont move much in relation to one another. What is the functional classification fo the interosseous membrane between the tibia and the fibula?
-help learners meeting the course outcomes -help learners understand the material -help learners becoming confident explaining concepts aloud -promote cooperation between peers
What are some of the intended goals of the participation assignment group?
haline cartilage
What covers the articular bone markings involved in freely movable joints (such as the parts of the femur and tibia involved in making the knee joint for instance)?
adipose tissue to store triglycerides or neutral fats (yellow bone marrow)
What does the diaphysis of adult long bones contain?
superior oblique
What is labeling A?
smooth muscle tissue
Which subtypes of muscle tissue is non-striated?
displaced fractures
Which type of fractures will require reduction, that is open or closed reduction?
ultimately converted into the active hormone calcitriol, a hormone that promotes calcium absorption from the diet
What is the fate of the vitamin D?
A or dark band
What is the green arrow pointing to
diaphragm
What is the main respiratory muscle organized as a rectus thoracic muscle?
holocrine
What is the mode of secretion of the sebaceous glands (=functional classification of those glands)?
bulb
What is the name of the onion-shaped or pear-shaped structure which makes the most inferior part of their hair root?
mandible
What is the only bone of the skull involved in a freely moveable joint (=joint that allows movement)?
relaxed sacromere
What is this image of
sternocleidomastoid
What is this muscle?
comminuted fracture
What type of fracture is this? -closed and complete
You will lose 10% of the points for each 24 hr period you are late
What will happen if you are late in submitting a module quiz and did not make previous arrangements with your instructor? .... I know your internet went down at 10pm and the module quiz was due at 11:59pm... but that is not a valid excuse.....
-this person is likely to have a calcitriol deficiency -the bone denstiy is likely to decrease at a faster rate for this patient than expected with normal aging -over time, this person will be more likely to experience bone breaks than with normal again -this person is likely to have a disrupted calcium homeostasis -this person is likely to experience symptoms of osteomalacia -this person is likely to develop osteoporotic bones
What would you predict in term of bone health to a 50 year-old adult diagnosed with chronic liver or kidney disease?
opposition
When a person makes a pinching motion with their thumb and forefinger they are preforming a movement called ___________
true
When the skeletal muscle cells contract, the length of I bands and the 1/2 bands decrease. T or F
-in the page "setting up an office hour appointment" on the introduction module -in the first page of the syllabus that the syllabus is available online in the introduction module and on the vertical menu of our canvas course shell -on the homepage of our canvas course shell
Where can you find the weblink to click on directly to set an appointment with me during my office hours? It is actually on my email signature when I send you an email via my DSU email address! I forgot to let you know:)
posterior aspect of the thigh
Where is the harmstring group of muscles located?
osteocytes
Which bone cells are responsible for sensing the changes in bone homeostasis?
-a class of lever systems that privilege range of motion over mechanical advantage -a class of lever system represented by the leg or arm lever systems -class 3
Which class of lever system is the most common in the body?
corneum and lucidum
Which epidermal strata are exclusively made of dead keratinocytes?
sebecceous glands
Which exocrine glands of the skin often get plugged, inflamed, and may even get infected in teenagers and young adults?
gap junctions
Which functional cell junction is specifically found between cardiac muscle cells and between smooth muscle cells?
injury of the PCL
Which injury is illustrated by the photo?
class 1
Which lever system class has the fulcrum located between the effort and the resistance?
smooth muscle cells only
Which muscle cells are always mononucleated?
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
Which of the following answer list the 3 main functional groups of joints?
spindle-shaped cells
Which of the following does not belong to the list? -cross striations -elongated cylindrical cells -excitation by somatic motorneuron -surrounded by an endomysium -multinucleate cells with peripheral nuclei -spindle-shaped cells
thermoregulation
Which of the following is not a function of the nails?
pivot
While classically classified as a hinge joint, the tibiofemural also allows some rotation. In this context, one should also classify the tibiofemural as a _______ joint.
skeletal
While tendons belong to the muscular system, ligaments belong to the ______ system
True
While the textbook is free as an ebook, you will need to purchase LRNR, an online practice platform. The assignments on LRNR will be graded and will be included into your participation grade (20% of your final course grade in all). Information to register to LRNR is already up in the introduction module but we are waiting for the company to set up the link. It should be solved by the end of the first week. T or F
-inform the instructor as soon as possible a two way communication with her. This will allow her to help you following the course as much as possible with the information provided on Canvas and have necessary accommodations for assignment deadlines. Your absences will be recorded but will not count for the 25% limit for a semester
You are unfortunately sick and cannot attend class for a week. Select all the choices that apply to ensure that you do not fall behind in the class
18
You earned a total of 67.5% for the readiness quizzes. How many points will you be credited at the end of the course? Tip 1: the maximum is 20 points out of the 100 points for your course Tip 2: remember that most of the math for us boils down to proportions or ratio (cross multiplication)
stress, cold, or fright
You would predict the arrector pilli muscles (APM) that attach the hair follicles to the dermis to contract in response to _________
F
Your final course grade after all adjustments are made is 59%. What letter grade do you earn?
You earn a B, and your friend earns an Q
Your final course grade after all adjustments were made is 89.49 while your friends is 89.51%. What letter grade do you earn? What letter grade does your friend earn?
5
bones of the palms in one hand
false
because of the safety measures around COVID-19, face-to-face attendance is optional in this course.
angular movements
abduction
skeletal muscles
allow subtle facial expressions
calcitonin
allows bone deposit when calcemia increases
parathyroid hormonne
allows bone resorption when calcemia decreases
effectors activated by the hypothalamus when the core body temperature is below its set point
arrector pilli muscles in thermoregulation
condyloid
atlanto-occipital
pivot
atlantoaxial
non-articular bone markings
attachment of skeletal muscles
multiaxial
ball in socket
variable; the value of which is being homostatically regulated
blood temperature also called core body temperature in thermoregulation
effectors the diameter of which increases when the core body temp is above its set point; activated by the hypothalamus
blood vessels of the dermis in thermoregualtion
true
bones are vascularized. T or F
1
bones of 1 arm
2
bones of 1 half of the pectoral girdle
8
bones of 1 wrist
2
bones of the 1 forearm
14
bones of the fingers (digits) in 1 hand
intermembranous
mandible
short
carpals and tarsals
condyloid
carpometacarpal 2,3,4,5
endochondral
cartilage bones
melanocytes
cell synthesizing melanin
merkel cells
cells interacting with free nerve endings to form slow adapting tactile receptors called Merkel discs that are sensitive to light
endochondral
chondroblasts/chondrocytes
-several synovial joints may be found within the same articular capsule -there are more joins in the body than there are bones -synovial joints are part of the lever systems where hey serve as fulcrum -bone markings involved in synovial joints are covered with hyaline cartilage instead of with periosteum
choose all the answers that apply to the general characteristics of the joints.
angular movements
circumduction
intermembranous
clavicle
outermost layer of the bone tissue for all the bones
compact bone tissue
biaxial
condyloid
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissues
contraction
ball in socket
coxal
8
cranial bones
continuously sense/record the value of the core body temperature
deep thermoreceptors in thermoregulation
langerhans cells
defense cells of the epidermis
special movements
depression
fulcrum
diathroses
long
each phalanx
irregular
each vertebrae
effectors activated by the hypothalamus when the core body temp is above its set point
eccrine sudoriferous glands in thermoregulation
irregular
ethmoid
special movements
eversion
14
facial bones
endochondral
femur
intramembranous
flat bones of the cranium
resistance
force exerted by the load, starts at the location of the load
effort
force exerted by the primer mover or agonist muscle, starts at the insertion of the muscle
step 4 in the 4 main steps of the ossification process (intramembranous ossification)
formation of lamellar bone and bone marrow
step 1 in the 4 main steps of the ossification process(intramembranous ossification)
formation of the ossification center by clustering and differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts
step 3 in the 4 main steps of the ossification process(intramembranous ossification)
formation of woven bone by continuous secretion of osteoid from the surface of the expanding ossification center
participation
formative
readiness quizzes
formative
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissues
generate body heat
ball in socket
glenohumeral
sex hormones at puberty
growth spurts in adolescence and signal end of growth in length with closure of epiphyseal plate
zygomatic minor
what muscle is this
red bone marrow
hematopoiesis
uniaxial
hinge
angular movements
hyperextension
control center for body core temperature; continuously receives the value of the core body temperature recorded by the deep
hypothalamus in thiermoregulation
lumbar vertebrae
identify the vertebrae shown
thoracic vertebrae
identify the vertebrae shown
cervical vertebrae C1 also called the atlas; no body and a foramina in each of the transverse processes
identify the vertebrae shown:
non-axial
intercarpal
planar
intercarpal
hinge
interphalangeal
uniaxial
interphalangeal
biaxial
knuckle
rotational movements
lateral rotation
endochondral
long bones
keratinocytes
main epidermal cell type that differentiate from epithelial cells of the stratum basale to secrete keratin and synthesis vitamin D
skeletal muscles
maintain body posture and joint stability
irregular
maxillae
intermembranous
membrane bones
intramembranous
mesenchymal cells
skeletal muscles
move body parts with lever systems
126
number of bones making the appendicular skeleton
80
number of bones making the axial skeleton
2
number of pairs of floating ribs
3
number of pairs of the false ribs
7
number of pairs of the true ribs
7
number of tarsals in 1 ankle
intramembranous
ossification of bone by condensation of osteoblasts within mesenchyme
endochondral and intramembranous
osteoblasts
endochondral
osteoclasts
seasmoid
patella
smooth muscle tissue
peristalsis
smooth muscle tissue
piloerection
uniaxial
pivot
non-axial
planar
special movements
plantar flexion
appositional and interstitiual
postanal ossification processes
endochondral and intramembranous
prenatal ossification processes
diaphysis-deep into the cartilage
primary ossification center
appositional
progressive addition of new osteons at or beneath the periosteum
endochondral
progressive ossification of bones made of hyaline cartilage
interstitial
progressive replacement of hyaline cartilage at the metaphyses by spongy bone tissue
diploe sanwhiched in 2 layers of cortical bones tissue of flat bones
protection of internal organs
pivot
proximal radioulnar
cardiac muscle tissue
pumping blood
uniaxial
radioulnar
final examination
summative
cancellous bone tissue
red bone marrow
thyroid hormones
regulate the relative growth rate of bones (allometric growth)
biaxial
saddle
flat
scapulae
epihyses
secondary ossification centers
2 palatines, 2 maxillae
select all the bones that make the hard plate of the mouth.
-made of 2 true layers, one superficial layer made of a heterogenous epithelium and a deep layer made of several types of connective tissues -the largest organ of the body -the skin is also called the cutaneous membrane or the integument
select all the choices that apply to the skin.
-allows elevation, depression, and excursion (lateral deviation) -allows protraction and retraction -a synovial diathrotic type of joints -occur between the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone (not labelled on the temporal bone)
select all the statements that apply to the temporomandibular joint
-amount of skeletal muscle tension pulling on the bones -amount of weight applied to the bones
select the 2 main factors that determine the level of mechanical stress put on the bones
multiaxial
shoulder
effectors activated by the hypothalamus when the core body temp is below its set point
skeletal muscles in thermoregulation
epiphysis, metaphyses, and diploe
spongy bone tissue
formation of the collar bone around the dyaphysis of a model of a bone in hyaline cartilage; calsification of the chondrocytes
step 1 of the endocondral ossification
formation of the primary ossification center by invasion of the periosteal bud into the diaphysis; the nutrient artery delivers
step 2 of the endochondral ossification
the medullary cavity elongates by resportion of the chondrocytes by osteoblasts; formation of the secondary ossification
step 3 of the endochondral ossification
spongy bone tissue is formed in the epiphyses; the medullary cavity elongates further till the metaphysis where hyaline cartilage
step 4 of the endochondral ossification
growth hormone
stimulate growth in length in infancy and early childhood
module quizzes
summative
yellow bone marrow
storage of neutral fat
special movements
supination
hinge
talocrural (ankle or tibia-fibula-talus)
flat
temporal bones
myosin head
the curved structure on the end of thick filaments
stratum basale
the deepest epidermal layer is known as the _________
disphyses of long bones
the lever part of the lever system
2 os coxae, the sacrum, the coccygeal bones, and the pubic symphysis
the pelvis is made of _______
irregular bones
the spine is made up of which type of bones
biaxial
thumb
hinge
tibiofemoral
4
unpaired cranial bones
2
unpaired facial bones
smooth muscle tissue
vasodilation and vasoconstriction
endochondral
vertebrae
in tendons
what are seasmoid bones located?
actin (globular)
what are the arrows pointing to
tropomyosim
what are the arrows pointing to?
troponin C
what are the arrows pointing to?
myosin head binding site on actin
what are the peach colored circles?
-the burn shown by the pink rectangle is more likely to get infected than a simple first degree burn -a skin burn the extent of which is shown by the pink rectangle is unlikely to lead to fingerprint loss -a skin burn the extent of which is shown by the pink rectangle is disrupting the basement membrane onto which the epidermis rests
what burn is this?
cancellous
what is another word for spongy bone tissue
contracted sacromere
what is the bottom sacromere
sacromere
what is the distance between the yellow and green arrows
basal cell carcinoma
what is the most common skin cancer but also the one that has the best prognosis mostly because of the slow growth of the cancerous cells and the low risk for metatasis?
I or light band
what is the yellow arrow pointing to
myosin tail
what is this
extended or stretched sacromere
what is this sacromere
thick filament
what is this structure
-R represents the resistance force on a projection -this describes a class 2 lever system -E represents the effort force on a linear projection -F represent the fulcrum, the diathrosis, on a linear projection -the mechanical advantage of the system is PA/LA
what is this system
osteoblasts
what is this?
osteoclast
what is this?
osteocyte
what is this?
osteogenic cell
what is this?
thin filament
what is this?
cross-section in skeletal muscle
what kind of section is this
longitudinal section in skeletal muscle
what kind of section is this
cardiac muscle tissue
what kind of tissue is this
skeletal muscle tissue
what kind of tissue is this
smooth muscle tissue
what kind of tissue is this
bicepts brachii
what muscle is this
frontal belly of epicranium
what muscle is this
gastrocnemius
what muscle is this
gluteus maximus
what muscle is this
gracillis
what muscle is this
mentalis
what muscle is this
nasalis
what muscle is this
orbicularis oculi
what muscle is this
orbiculatis oris
what muscle is this
pectoralis major
what muscle is this
platysma
what muscle is this
rectus femoris
what muscle is this
satorius
what muscle is this
soleus
what muscle is this
splenius capitis
what muscle is this
tensor fasciae latae
what muscle is this
tibialis posterior
what muscle is this
vastus medialis
what muscle is this
step 3
what step is this of the intramembranous ossificaiton
step 1
what step is this of the intramembranous ossification
step 2
what step is this of the intramembranous ossification
step 1
what step of bone repair is this?
step 2
what step of bone repair is this?
step 3
what step of bone repair is this?
step 4
what step of bone repair is this?
Compact bone tissue which the structural/functional unit of this type of bone tissue is an osteon
what type of bone tissue is this?
oblique fracture
what type of fracture is this? -closed and complete
transverse fracture
what type of fracture is this? -open and complete
-do not bleed -are painful -repairs quickly since the stratum basale contain many stem cell-like to repair the damaged keratinocytes
what would you predict of superficial wounds (wounds that do not rupture the basement membrane supporting the epidermis)?
skeletal
which muscle tissue types are functionally classified as voluntary?
step 4
which step is this of the intramembranous ossifiacation
medullary cavity of the long bones
yellow bone marrow
