A&P II Quizzes Chapters 16,17,18,19,20,21

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?

170/96

A physician orders Tylenol for a temperature greater than 101 degrees F. The patient's temperature is 100.4 F. What is the rationale for not medicating a fever of 100.4 F?

A mild or moderate fever results in the liver and spleen sequestering iron and zinc. Bacteria need large amounts of zinc and iron to multiply, thus this action limits the pathogens ability to multiply.

A pregnant patient comes into a clinic and asks about a small dark bulge that is becoming more apparent on her leg. What is it and what caused it?

A varicose vein. The growing fetus puts downward pressure on the vessels of the groin and restricts the return of blood to the heart, causing the valves in the peripheral veins to begin to fail.

Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity.

Active and passive humoral immunity are both mechanisms of adaptive immunity that use antibodies.

Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?

After becoming immunocompetent, the naive T cells and B cells are exported to the bone marrow where the encounters with antigens occur.

Why might lymphedema occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed?

Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema.

A person who lacks agglutinogen A but has agglutinogen B would have blood type __________.

B

Which of the following scenarios could result in HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn)?

B-negative female pregnant with an AB-positive baby

Which of the following is NOT a difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle?

Cardiac muscle does not use the sliding filament mechanism for contraction; skeletal muscle does.

Which of the following adrenal gland homeostatic imbalances is characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose levels, dramatic losses in muscle and bone protein, and water and salt retention, leading to hypertension and edema? Cushing's syndrome Addison's disease cretinism Graves' disease

Cushing's syndrome

Activated T cells and macrophages release ________ to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area.

Cytokines

How would a blow to the head that damages (disables) the vasomotor center affect blood pressure? What is the physiological basis for your answer?

Damage to the vasomotor center will cause a loss of vasomotor tone and a drop in blood pressure, because the vasomotor center is the integrating center for blood pressure control.

Choose the incompatible transfusion.

Donate type B blood to a recipient with type O blood.

The aorta receives the full force of blood exiting the heart during ventricular systole. Which of the following statements best describes the adaptive anatomy of the aorta?

Elastic fibers are extensive in the tunica media of the aorta and dampen the pulse pressure generated by the heart.

Steroid hormones are synthesized from amino acids.

False

The benefit of using a second messenger signaling system is rapid speed of communication.

False

The hypothalamus is known to control the activity of the thyroid, which has traditionally been called the master endocrine gland.

False

The right side of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump.

False

The role of the chordae tendineae is to open the AV valves at the appropriate time.

False

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node.

False

Up-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels.

False

A 36-year-old man enters the hospital in an extremely debilitated condition. He has purple-brown skin lesions (a symptom of Kaposi's sarcoma) and a persistent cough. A physical examination reveals swollen lymph nodes, and laboratory tests find a very low lymphocyte count. Information taken during the personal history reveals that he has multiple sex partners with whom he frequently engages in unprotected sex. What is likely to be the man's problem and what is his prognosis?

He is probably suffering from AIDS. His outlook is poor once the disease has progressed to this advanced stage. There is no cure, and drug therapy has had limited short-term success.

Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is FALSE?

It has follicles similar to those in the spleen.

Choose the statement that is true concerning hemoglobin.

It is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups.

The velocity and pressure of blood is slowest and lowest in the capillary beds. Which of the following is not an accurate description of the benefits of slow, low pressure blood in the capillary beds?

Lower pressure in the capillary bed helps to increase pressure in the venous circulation.

Which of the following represents a difference between extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting pathways?

One is faster than the other.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the spleen?

Red pulp is where immune functions take place.

The order of impulse conduction in the heart, from beginning to end, is __________.

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

__________ is the situation when one hormone exaggerates the effects of another hormone at the target cell? Permissiveness Synergism Activism Antagonism

Synergism

The blood testis barrier is to newly formed sperm cells as the blood thymus barrier is to ________.

T lymphocyte precursors

Adding a chemical that reduces Na+ transport near the sinoatrial (SA) node would have what effect on the heart's intrinsic conducting system?

The SA node would depolarize less quickly, reducing the heart rate.

Select the correct statement about immunodeficiency.

The causative agent in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a virus that recognizes CD4 proteins.

While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with legs of drastically different sizes. What is the most likely reason for the increased size of the swollen leg?

The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.

B-lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune system for all of the following reason but one. Which of the following is not one of the reasons B-lymphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity?

They are a first line of defense that can begin killing pathogens immediately.

Which of the following is NOT representative of endocrine glands? They produce hormones. They drain into lymph vessels. They drain into blood vessels. They have ducts.

They have ducts.

Antibodies mostly act against extracellular targets in body fluids and are therefore considered part of the humoral branch of adaptive immunity.

True

Fever is often a beneficial immune response because it can speed the activities of leucocytes.

True

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.

True

Soluble proteins secreted by plasma cells are called antibodies.

True

The adrenal medulla is stimulated to release catecholamines during sympathetic autonomic nervous responses.

True

The directional movement of cells in response to chemicals is called chemotaxis.

True

All but one of the following occur during the inflammatory response. Select the example below that does not describe the process of inflammation.

Vasoconstriction will prevent excessive blood loss due to injury.

When the white blood cell count is depressed, the classic signs of infection such as redness, local heat, and swelling are not manifested. In this case, should the nurse avoid administering aspirin?

Yes, aspirin should be avoided because aspirin would disguise a fever that would indicate infection.

Which of the following hormones is stimulated by stress? follicle-stimulating hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone prolactin

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which of the following is NOT a formed element in whole blood?

albumin

Allergens differ from antigens because ________.

allergens produce an abnormally large immune response to what is an otherwise harmless particle

The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?

altering blood volume

Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload? antidiuretic hormone follicle-stimulating hormone oxytocin thyroid-stimulating hormone

antidiuretic hormone

The P wave on an electrocardiogram represents __________.

atrial depolarization

Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance?

blood vessel diameter

The thymus is most active during ________.

childhood

The first heart sound (the "lub" of the "lub-dup") is caused by __________.

closure of the atrioventricular valves

In the brain the fluid that filters out of capillaries is highly regulated. You would expect to see ________ feeding the brain.

continuous capillaries, with no intercellular clefts

Which of the following would increase cardiac output?

epinephrine

Which of the formed elements is present in the greatest concentration?

erythrocytes

Which of the following would NOT lead to a bleeding disorder?

excess calcium in the diet

Which of these is a condition marked by premature ventricular contraction?

extrasystole

Which plasma constituent is the main contributor to clotting?

fibrinogen

Helper T cells ________.

function in the adaptive immune system activation

Which of the following plasma proteins is improperly matched with its function?

gamma globulins: lipid transport

Which of the following would not be expected from taking a diuretic drug?

greater stress on the heart to provide adequate perfusion

Abnormally low levels of erythrocytes caused by excessive bleeding is called______.

hemorrhagic anemia

Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production?

hyperventilating

If a person stands up suddenly from the prone (lying) position they may feel a sudden dizzy or lightheadedness. Which of the following is the least likely physiological response to this situation?

increased parasympathetic nerve impulses to the heart

A drug that restricts the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) would like result in all of the following physiologic changes but one. Which of the following is the least likely to result from a drug blocking ACE activity?

increased thirst and higher blood volume

Which of the following would not promote filtration from the arteriole end of the capillary bed?

increasing plasma protein concentration

Which of the following exhibits an antagonistic relationship? TSH/thyroxin insulin/glucagon renin/ANP PTH/aldosterone

insulin/glucagon

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of water-soluble hormones? intracellular receptors act through second messengers short half-life in blood free in plasma

intracellular receptors

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

islets of Langerhans

An advantage of innate immunity is ________.

its barriers that prevent pathogens from entering into the body

Which of the following would NOT be a characteristic of normal blood?

less viscous than water

Which of the following best describes the qualities of most antigens?

macromolecules that are foreign to the host

On a blood smear slide prepared using Wright's stain, you observe a large cell with a U-shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm. This cell is most likely a(n) __________.

monocyte

Which granulated leukocyte is most likely to be active during a bacterial infection?

neutrophils

Which of the following glands increases blood calcium levels? thyroid parathyroid pituitary adrenal

parathyroid

Which of the following is correctly matched?

pernicious anemia: results from a vitamin B12 deficiency

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

plasma cells

Digesting a clot after it is formed requires activation of what plasma protein by tPA?

plasminogen

Which step in hemostasis involves activation of formed elements in the blood?

platelet plug formation

Which of the following is not a role of activated complement?

prevention of immediate hypersensitivity reactions

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?

produce lymph fluid and cerebrospinal fluid

Which of the following does NOT deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart?

pulmonary veins

Which of the following terms is correctly matched to its description?

quiescent period: total heart relaxation between heartbeats

A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ________.

right side of the head and neck and right upper arm

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.

severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

Which of the following is least involved in pulmonary circulation?

superior vena cava

Which of the following occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified? synergism antagonism permissiveness summation

synergism

Bilirubin is created when red blood cells are recycled. How is it removed from the blood stream?

the liver

What allows a cell to respond to a hormone? the presence of a specific hormone receptor the location of the cell the structure of the hormone the gland that releases the hormone

the presence of a specific hormone receptor

A vaccine is effective because ________.

the secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient the primary response

What factor stimulates platelet formation?

thrombopoietin

At age 85, Lyle's immune system does not respond to vaccines as well as it did when he was younger. The atrophy of which endocrine gland is likely responsible for this? thymus thyroid adrenal anterior pituitary

thymus

Which of the following hormones stimulates an increase in basal metabolic rate as a tropic hormone? follicle-stimulating hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone prolactin

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.

tonsil

What is the name for the type of hormone, secreted by the pituitary that regulates other endocrine organs? growth hormones somatostatins tropins somatotropins

tropins

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that can leach out of certain plastics. It disrupts the normal function of the endocrine system my mimicking estrogen. Which of the following explains how persistent small amounts of BPA in the body can have effects? down-regulation up-regulation lock-and-key half-life

up-regulation

Which of the following would have the least influence on blood pressure?

white blood cell count

Dave has discovered a new lipid-soluble hormone. Which of the following is true regarding this hormone? can be stored in secretory vesicles receptor will be located on the plasma membrane will be bound to a transport protein in the blood will likely act through a second-messenger system

will be bound to a transport protein in the blood