A&P Lab Final
These fiber tracts carry signals about voluntary movement to the spinal cord.
Corticospinal tracts
Identify the type of vertebrae
Lumbar
Identify the indicated structure
Medullary cavity
The shape of this muscle gives it its name.
Trapezius
Which digit is the radius closest to?
1
Which of the following digits contain only 2 phalanges?
1
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
Name the number of tarsals.
7
Identify the indicated structure
Endomysium
Identify the type of rib
Floating rib
Identify the indicated structure
Lambdoid suture line
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.
Mandibular fossa
Identify the indicated muscle
Subscapularis
The hole above the eye orbit is the
Supraorbital foramen
How many ribs make up the rib cage?
24, 12 pairs
How many basic types of muscle tissue are there? __________
3
The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.
3
Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.
3-5
How many primary tissue types are found in the human body? __________
4
How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
5
How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?
5
Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.
5
How many extrinsic eye muscles are attached to the exterior surface of each eyeball?
6
Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle.
A projection on the mandible
Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.
A shallow depression
It is useful to divide this body cavity into quadrants for study because it is large and contains many organs.
Abdominopelvic
The articulation formed by the tip of the scapula and the clavicle is called the
Acromioclavicular joint
Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.
Acromion process
You will use absorbent cotton and oil of wintergreen, peppermint, or cloves to test for olfactory __________.
Adaptation
This connective tissue consists of large round densely packed cells with the nucleus pushed to one side.
Adipose
A prime mover or __________ produces a particular type of movement.
Agonist
What is not true of connective tissue
All connective tissues contain elastic fibers.
The __________ is a clear, watery fluid that helps to maintain the intraocular pressure of the eye and provides nutrients for the avascular lens and cornea.
Aqueous humor
The anterior segment of the eye contains a fluid called ________.
Aqueous humor
Olfactory receptor cells differ from all other receptors for special senses in that they ________.
Are neurons
Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum?
Auricular surface of the ilium
The __________ skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.
Axial
The hair cells that detect sound vibrations lie on the ________ membrane.
Basilar
This two-headed muscle bulges when the forearm is flexed. It is the most familiar muscle of the anterior humerus. It is the __________.
Biceps brachii
Olfactory receptors are __________ sensory neurons whose olfactory cilia extend outward from the epithelium.
Bipolar
Identify the central portion of the sternum.
Body
The __________ of a typical vertebra forms the rounded, central portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column.
Body
Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?
Body
This connective tissue is made of hard calcified matrix and stores calcium and other minerals.
Bone(osseous tissue)
Identify the indicated muscle
Buccinator muscle
When you whistle, what muscle are you primarily using?
Buccinator muscle
Which region is visible only on the posterior/dorsal body surface?
Calcaneal
Identify the anatomical term for the "heel bone".
Calcaneous
Identify the indicated structure
Capitate
Identify the bones that make up the wrist.
Carpals
The following represents a collection of spinal nerve roots hanging from the inferior end of the spinal cord.
Cauda equina
Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch.
Cheek
Contraction of muscles within this structure leads to alteration in the shape of the lens.
Ciliary body
Pectoralis major originates on the ________ and inserts in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
Clavicle and sternum
Identify the tailbone.
Coccyx
The snail-like __________, found in the internal ear, contains sensory receptors for hearing.
Cochlea
Identify the common name for the clavicle.
Collarbone
__________ bone looks smooth and homogeneous.
Compact
Name the mucous membrane that lines the internal surface of the eyelids and continues over the anterior surface of the eyeball. __________
Conjunctiva
This is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body.
Connective
The inferior surface of the clavicle has a projection called the:
Conoid process
Coordination of skeletal muscle activity is one of the functions of the cerebellum. Another is ________.
Control of balance and equilibrium
This reflex involves extrinsic eye muscles, and is controlled by the somatic nervous system.
Convergence
Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.
Coracoid process
When you open the abdominal cavity of your dissection specimen, you realize that the kidneys are ________ to the intestines.
Deep
Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.
Demi-facet
This connective tissue looks like strands of wavy hair. It is very strong and attaches muscles to bones.
Dense regular
The shaft of a long bone is known as the __________.
Diaphysis
The stomach belongs to this organ system.
Digestive
Where in the skeleton is the ulna located in reference to the humerus?
Distal
These fiber tracts run between the dorsal horns.
Dorsal white columns
Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?
Elongated spinous process
The thyroid gland belongs to this organ system.
Endocrine
Of the nine regions used by anatomists to divide the abdominopelvic cavity, this one is most superior and medial.
Epigastric
Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.
External accoustic meatus
Sound waves pass through this canal on their way toward the eardrum.q
External accoustic meatus
Cartilage has a covering made of dense connective tissue called a periosteum.
False
Embryonic skeletons consist primarily of elastic cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone during development and growth.
False
Texture, temperature, and smell have little or no effect on the sensation of taste.
False
The biceps femoris is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh.
False
The first seven pairs of ribs are called floating ribs because they have only indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum.
False
The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.
Fibrocartilage
Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to it body location?
Fibrocartilage;meniscus of the knee
Identify the bone found lateral to the tibia.
Fibula
Identify the bone of the lower limb that bears the least amount of weight.
Fibula
__________ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone.
Flat
Identify the true statement about the head of the ulna.
Found at the distal end of the bone
This single bone of the skull underlies the area we commonly call the forehead.
Frontal
Which of the following bones is unpaired?
Frontal
Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.
Glenoid fossa
The __________ is the largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles.
Gluteus maximus
These are major sites of muscle attachment on the femur.
Greater and lesser trochanaters
Identify the indentation that is inferiorolateral to the auricular surface.
Greater sciatic notch
Identify the landmark found on the proximal end of the humerus.
Greater tubercle
The results of a test of visual acuity are 20/15. This individual ________.
Has better than normal vision
Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint.
Head
Identify the region of the radius that articulates with the ulna.
Head
The arm consists of one long bone, the __________.
Humerus
This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum.
Hyaline
Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum.
Hyaline cartilage
What tissue type replaces periosteum on the ends of articulating bones?
Hyaline cartilage
Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
Inferior articular processes
Where is the mandibular fossa located?
Inferior surface of the zygomatic process
The equilibrium apparatus of the ear, the vestibular apparatus, is found in the __________.
Internal ear
Each___is made of fibrocartilage and serves as a shock absorber for the spine.
Intervertebral disc
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
Intervertebral discs
__________ eye muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
Intrinsic
Identify the structure that regulates the amount of light entering the posterior segment of the eye.
Iris
Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair?
Ischial tuberosity
Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?
Lacrimal bone
Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?
Lamina
The mammary region is ________ to the sternal region.
Lateral
Where is the radius located in reference to the ulna?
Lateral
Which of the following landmarks is found on the distal end of the humerus?
Lateral epicondyle
Name the noticeable bump on the outside of the ankle.
Lateral malleoulus
Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur.
Linea aspera
The femur is an example of a(n) __________ bone.
Long
What type of bone is a phalanx?
Long
What type of bone is the fibula?
Long
What type of bones are the phalanges?
Long
Muscles that act on the __________ cause movement at the hip, knee, and foot joints.
Lower limb
An exaggerated curvature of this region of the vertebral column causes lordosis.
Lumbar
This organ is found in the thoracic cavity.
Lung
The major function of this body system is to keep us healthy by protecting us from foreign substances and pathogens.
Lymphatic/immunity
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.
Mandibular fossa
The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark?
Medial and lateral condyles
Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur.
Medial and proximal
Which part of the leg does the tibia form?
Medial leg
Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle.
Medial malleolus
Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?
Median sacral crest
Decussation of pyramids refers to crossover of major motor tracts in the ________ region of the brain.
Medulla oblongata
The ________ is the storage area for yellow marrow in an adult bone.
Medullary cavity
All connective tissue is derived from an embryonic tissue known as __________.
Mesenchyme
Identify the bones that make up the palm of the hand.
Metacarpals
The hand consists of three groups of bones. The carpals make up the wrist. The __________ make up the palm, and the phalanges make up the fingers.
Metacarpals
Identify the bones that make up the middle portion of the foot.
Metatarsals
When moving proximally from the toes, the set of bones after the phalanges are the
Metatarsals
Ventral roots of spinal nerves are purely or primarily ________.
Motor
This primary tissue type generates electrical signals and can actively contract.
Muscle
Individuals who are nearsighted, or ________, see close objects clearly, but see distant objects as blurry.
Myopic
Salty taste seems to be due to ________.
Na+ ions
Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?
Nasal
The condition known as a "fractured hip" is most often a break in the femur. Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture?
Neck
The support cells found in nervous tissue are called ________.
Neuroglia
Identify the indicated structure
Occipital bone
Photoreceptors are distributed over the entire neural retina, except where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball. This site is called the __________.
Optic disc
The ________ is a blind spot on the retina, while the ________ contains only cones and is the retinal area of greatest visual acuity.
Optic disc, fovea centralis
This muscle closes the eyes, allowing you to wink or blink.
Orbicularis occuli
Identify the muscle indicated
Orbicularis oculi
The structural unit of compact bone is the __________.
Osteon
Today you will use an __________ to examine the ear.
Otoscope
An example of a sesamoid bone is the ________.
Patella
Which landmark is found on the anterior surface of the femur?
Patellar surface
This serous membrane lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and covers its organs.
Peritoneum
All of the following are short bones except ________.
Phalanges
What type of joint is formed between the radius and ulna?
Pivot
Vallate papillae are arranged in a V formation on the __________ surface of the tongue.
Posterior
All the following are functions of the skeleton EXCEPT __________.
Production of melanin
The hip (coxal) bones articulate with each other at the ________.
Pubic symphysis
Which bony landmarks can be palpated on the anterior surface of the body, close to the midline?
Pubic tubercles
The image formed on the retina as light passes through the eye is reversed left to right, inverted, and smaller than the object. It is called a ________ image.
Real
Identify the indicated muscle
Rectus abdominus
The __________ test is used for comparing bone and air-conduction hearing.
Rinne
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?
Sacral
What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?
Sacral region
The contractile unit of muscle is the __________.
Sacromere
Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.
Sacrum
This epithelial tissue forms the kidney tubules, and the ducts and secretory portions of small glands.
Simple cuboidal
This tissue can look like the hexagonal tiles of a bathroom floor. It also forms the air sacs of the lungs.
Simple squamous epithelium
Bones and joints belong to this organ system.
Skeletal
Of the basic muscle types, this is the "meat" of the body, attached to the skeleton, which moves the limbs and other body parts.
Skeletal muscle
Identify the indicated bone
Sphenoid bone
Identify the region of the temporal bone found superior to the external acoustic meatus that articulates with the parietal bone.
Squamous part
Three small bones found within the middle ear are the malleus, incus, and __________.
Stapes
Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle medially.
Sternum
The __________, commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat bone formed by the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.
Sternum
The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the ________.
Sternum
This epithelial tissue has many cell layers. It forms the outer layer of the skin.
Stratified squamous
Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.
Styloid process
Identify the projection found on distal end of the ulna.
Styloid process
Which of the following regions of the radius help form the wrist joint?
Styloid process
Which region of the scapula is found on the anterior surface?
Subscapular fossa
The suprascapular notch is found on:
Superior border
Identify the indicated structure
Superior orbital fissure
This extrinsic eye muscle elevates the eye and turns it medially.
Superior rectus
Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?
Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar
Name 1 thing wrong with the frog or spider skeletons mentioned in the companion materials
The frog skeleton skull is not as open as it should be Submit
Brachioradialis and sternocleidomastoid are named for ________.
The location of their origin and insertion
Define what it means to be an anatagonist muscle.
The muscles that produce an opposing joint torque to agonist muscles
Describe what light bands are composed of
They are made up of multiple molecules of actin Submit
What is the function of the corpora quadrigemina?
They are reflex centers for visual and auditory stimuli.
The term femoral pertains to the ________.
Thigh
The __________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs.
Thoracic
This primary curvature of the spine is located in the chest region.
Thoracic
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?
Thoracic
Which digit is composed of only two phalanges?
Thumb
This bone bears the medial malleolus.
Tibia
Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles.
Tibial tuberosity
The term superficial refers to a structure that is __________.
Toward or at the body surface
The sensory portion of the PNS carries electrical signals ________ the CNS; the motor portion carries electrical signals ________ the CNS.
Toward, away from
This tissue type is capable of changing its shape and stretching. It lines the urinary bladder and ureters.
Transitional epithelium
The ________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
Transverse
Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.
Transverse costal facet
Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
Transverse process
This name reveals the number of the muscle's origins.
Triceps brachii
Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur.
Trochanter
Sound waves that enter the external acoustic meatus eventually encounter the __________, which then vibrates at the same frequency as the sound waves hitting it.
Tympanic membrane
The odd tingling sensation that you experiences when you hit the funny bone is due to trauma to the ________ nerve.
Ulnar
Name the body system that eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body.
Urinary
Which of the following is an organ system?
Urinary
The ________ surface of the human body faces forward.
Ventral
Identify the indicated structure
Xiphoid process
What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?
Xiphoid process
Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch.
Zygomatic bone and temporal bone
Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
Zygomatic process
Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch.
Zygomatic process
Identify the articulation site for the femur.
acetabulum
The prefix___ means end or tip.
acro-
The frontal plane divides the body into ________.
anterior and posterior parts
This muscle compresses the cheek when you whistle.
buccinator
Identify the structure
capitulum
The middle ear
carries and amplifies the vibrations of sound waves across three little bones
These bones form the pectoral girdle.
clavicle and scapula
The respiratory system
continuously supplies oxygen to the blood while removing carbon dioxide
The function of the neuromuscular junction is to ________.
convey a signal from the nervous system to skeletal muscle
The dorsal body cavity can be divided into the __________ cavity, which contains the brain, and the __________ cavity, which contains the spinal cord.
cranial, vertebral
Exocrine glands are considered to be a type of connective tissue because ________.
exocrine glands are epithelial tissue, not connective tissue
In anatomical position, the
feet are slightly apart, and the toes point forward
the prefix___means between or among.
inter-
The precentral gyrus
is a major motor area of the brain
The prefix____ means ischium or hip joint.
ischi-
The bone marking that makes up the portion of the pelvis you sit on is the
ischial tuberosity
Sound localization can be tested by ________.
listening for the tick of a watch as the watch is held in various locations around the head
the prefix___means after, along, or behind
meta-
Identify the large hole found in this bone.
obturator foramen
Simple epithelia have
one type of epithelial cell, arranged in a single layer
This small body cavity in the head holds the eyes.
orbital
Tests for conduction deafness include ________.
placing tuning forks on bones of the head
The integumentary system ________.
protects the deep organs from injury and drying out
Select the tissue that is a simple epithelium.
pseudostratified
the prefix___means above, higher than, or dorsal.
supra-
Tendons differ from ligaments in that ________.
tendons bind muscle to bone and ligaments bind bone to bone
The cardiovascular system
transports blood throughout the body Submit
The pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube connects the ________ to the nasopharynx.
Middle ear
Identify the tarsal that articulates with the tibia and fibula.
Talus
How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?
12
How many phalanges are located in the hand?
14
How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?
7
How many carpals make up the wrist?
8
Identify the fluid filled space between the cornea and iris.
Anterior chamber
Which region of the skeleton contains the humerus?
Appendicular
The clavicle belongs to which of the following areas?
Appendicular skeleton
The wall of the eye has three layers. The outermost fibrous layer is made up of the opaque white sclera and the transparent __________.
Cornea
The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.
False
The iris divides the eye into the anterior and posterior segments.
False
The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.
False
The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.
False
The palpable hip bone projections in the front of the body felt when you put your hands on your hips are the posterior inferior iliac spines.
False
The pupil can adjust its size independent of the iris.
False
Because the cells of skeletal muscle are relatively large and cylindrical in shape, they are also known as __________.
Fibers
This part of the rib articulates with the appropriate vertebra.
Head
What part of the fibula is found near the knee joint?
Head
What part of the humerus articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint?
Head
Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.
Headq
Cardiac muscle is found in the ________.
Heart
Pericardium surrounds the ________.
Heart
This cranial nerve operates the muscles of the tongue.
Hypoglossal
This diencephalic structure is involved in many functions including temperature regulation, water balance, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism.
Hypothalamus
Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone?
Ilium
The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____.
Illiac crest
Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.
Manibular condyle
Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum.
Manubrium
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
Occipital condyles
Identify the region of the ulna that articulates with the humerus when the forearm is in full extension.
Olecranon
Identify the depression found on the posterior surface of the distal humerus.
Olecranon fossa
The organ of smell is the __________, located in the roof of the nasal cavity.
Olfactory epithelium
Identify the type of movement enabled by the articulation between the radius and ulna at the elbow.
Supination
Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?
T12
This structure, present in the cow eye but not in the human eye, is a special iridescent reflecting surface that helps animals to see in low light conditions.
Tapetum lucidum
Taste receptor cells are found in structures called ________.
Taste buds
Identify the region on the zygomatic bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
Temporal process
Identify the areas that are filled with aqueous humor.
The anterior and posterior chambers
Identify the region of the humerus that articulates with the ulna, located between the medial epicondyle and capitulum.
Trochlea
Identify the primary region of the ulna that forms the hinge joint with the humerus.
Trochlear notch
The __________ musculature includes muscles that move the vertebral column and muscles that move the ribs.
Trunk
Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.
Tubercle
Most taste buds are made of __________ types of modified epithelial cells.
Two
The basal nuclei
are involved in regulating voluntary motor activities
squamous epithelial cells
are thin and flat, like fish scales
Astigmatism
results from irregular curvatures of the lens or cornea
All the following are examples of connective tissue EXCEPT __________.
Neurons
Because of anatomical differences in the olfactory system, the sense of smell may be more important to this animal than it is to humans.
Sheep
This type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs. It has no striations, and its cells are spindle shaped. It is __________.
Smooth muscle
The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.
True
Each muscle cell is surrounded by thin connective tissue called the __________.
Endomysium
This body system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and maintains homeostasis by generating electrical signals.
Nervous
Two of the four primary tissue types contain excitable cells, cells that receive stimuli and generate electrical signals. One of these is muscle tissue. Name the other.
Nervous
Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.
Sagittal suture
There are five basic taste sensations. Name one. __________
Salty
Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle laterally.
Scapulla
Acids primarily activate receptors that respond to ________ tastes.
Sour
Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?
Sphenoid
Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?
Spine
Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.
Spinous process
At the optic chiasma, the fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side.
True
Blood is a type of connective tissue
True
People with difficulty seeing objects at a distance are said to have myopia.
True
Receptors for olfaction and taste are classified as chemoreceptors because they respond to dissolved chemicals.
True
Skeletal muscle cells have more than one nucleus.
True
The fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot—with the exception of the great toe and the thumb—each have three phalanges.
True
The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.
True
The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.
True
