A&P Midterm
How many bones make up the adult human skeleton? 153 206 301 254
206
How many bones make up the human foot? 18 14 26 24
26
Choose the correct vertebral sections (in a human) from superior to inferior. 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum, coccyx 12 thoracic, 7 cervical, 5 lumbar, coccyx, sacrum 6 cervical, 10 thoracic, 5 lumbar, coccyx, sacrum 6 thoracic, 12 cervical, 5 lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
The foot and ankle are made of the following bones: 7 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 15 phalanges 7 tarsals, 1 tibia, 1 fibula
7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges
The vertebral column consists of _____ cervical vertebrae, _____ thoracic vertebrae, and _____ lumbar vertebrae. 7, 12, 5 12, 7, 5 5, 12, 7 12, 5, 7
7, 12, 5
Match the corresponding tissue terms. Adipose Endocrine Blood Cartilage Spinal cord
Andipose <-> fat Endocrine <-> ductless Blood <-> fluid matrix Cartilage <-> joints Spinal cord <-> nervous
Your patient has basal cell carcinoma. They want to know if they wash their skin really well if that will remove the cancer. You tell them this will not work because ________. Basal cells are located deep in the hypodermis near nerve tissue Basal cells are at the margin of the epidermis and dermis Basal cells are closely associated with hair follicles and only can be removed along with the hair shaft. Basal cells are located within dense connective tissue in tendons
Basal cells are at the margin of the epidermis and dermis
Which of the following pairing is incorrect for the name of the muscle and its function in the body? Biceps; extends the forearm Buccinator; used to whistle and smile Quadriceps; extension of the knee and hip flexion Masseter; chewing
Buccinator; used to whistle and smile
Your patient has the skin cancer melanoma. You have just told her that lab results show that the cancer has spread to her bones. She says to you, "How can skin cancer affect my bones?" What is your answer. Cancer cells can travel by the nervous system to your bones. In the summer, sunlight is especially bright and the radiation is able to penetrate to the depth of the outer layers of bone. Melanoma can grow directly down through your skin and muscles into your bones. Cancer cells can travel by the lymph system to your bones.
Cancer cells can travel by the lymph system to your bones.
Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow healing because Cartilage cells are surrounded by fluids Cartilage cells cannot reproduce The intercellular material is semisolid Cartilage tissues lack direct blood supplies
Cartilage tissues lack direct blood supplies
Which of the following shows the correct order of complexity from simplest to most complex? Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism Cell - Organ -Tissue - Organism - Organ System Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organism - Organ System
Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism
Which of the following is NOT a basic tissue type? Connective Diaphysiseal Epithelial Nervous Muscle
Diaphysiseal
The kidneys function to filter the blood and excrete any unneeded water and minerals. Which tissue type would you expect to find in the kidneys? Epithelial Muscular Nervous Connective
Epithelial
A patient's hand was splashed with hot oil and is in significant pain. When you examine the hand, you see red and white areas of skin with multiple blisters. What is your diagnosis? Second degree burn First degree burn Third degree burn
Second degree burn
How do ribs #11 and 12 attach to the sternum? They do not attach to the sternum Directly by way of costal tendons To each other by costal cartilage and then to the sternum Directly by way of costal cartilage
They do not attach to the sternum
This type of connective tissue can be found in the external ear, larynx and vertebral discs. dense bone cartilage loose
cartilage
All of the following bones comprise the arm EXCEPT Radius Ulna Clavicle Humerus
clavicle
The main purpose of connective tissue is to ________. Protect Connect Communicate Insulate
connect
The first seven pair of ribs connect to each other by cartilage connect directly to the sternum attach to the sternum together do not connect to the sternum at all
connect directly to the sternum
Which plane cuts the body into front and back parts? Coronal (frontal) Temporal Sagital Transverse
coronal (frontal)
The shaft of the long bone is most properly called the: Epiphysis Socket Periosteum Diaphysis
diaphysis
Which system is responsible for sending chemical messages via hormones through the body? Respiratory Muscular Endocrine Skeletal
endocrine
Which system pulls on the bones to create movement? Muscular Reproductive Endocrine Lymphatic
muscular
The ___ plane divides the body into right and left parts. transverse sagital coronal frontal
sagital
The patella and two small, round bones beneath the great toe are classified as ____________________ bones. irregular short flat sesamoid
sesamoid
You are looking under a microscope at a tissue sample. You note that the tissue is a single layer of elongated cells. What sort of tissue is this? Stratified cuboidal Simple squamous Simple columnar Transitional
simple columnar
The walls of hollow organs and some blood vessels contain this muscle tissue: smooth cardiac striated skeletal
smooth
Which bone consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process? Sternum Clavicle Wrist Scapula
sternum
Jillian is the cutest baby, she is lying in her crib looking at the toy that is hanging above her. What position is Jillian lying in? Supine Extended Flexed Prone
supine
Which of these is a function of the skeletal system? Communication Support Nutrition Secretion
support
Which of the following activities would NOT by an example of an anatomical study? Drawing blood from a fasting patient to determine their blood glucose levels. Examining the surface of the tibia. During dissection, using forceps or your finger to probe inside the aorta and explore the semilunar valve. Examining the surface of the skin to detect cancer.
Drawing blood from a fasting patient to determine their blood glucose levels.
Using your knowledge about the organization of life, explain why blood is classified as a tissue.
In general, tissue is something that is very connective in the sense that ever organ uses it. Blood is classified as a tissue (a connective tissue to be specific) because it is the only fluid in the body that contains both liquid and cellular components. Blood is special because it has many functions, including transport of various materials, protection from diseases and other harmful factors, blood clots, regulation of temp, pH, and fluid volume, etc.
A patient comes into your office and she is very concerned. She has recently found out that her best friend since 2nd grade has a cancer called melanoma. She is frightened that she might have it, too, but does not have any idea what melanoma is. In your answer, please share what you would say to this patient to help her understand the following: What is melanoma? What cells are involved? Can the disease spread? What could possibly happen to her friend? Could your patient have caught this disease from her friend?
Melanoma is the most deadly of all three skin cancers. Basically, what happens is that metastasis occurs when the abnormal growth extends deep enough into the skin that cancer cells can travel through the lymph channels to distant parts of the body. Now, even though melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer, it CAN NOT spread to other people (aka it's not contagious). The disease can only spread to your organs and tissues if medical attention is not given immediately. Treatments often include surgery, radiation, medications, and in some cases, chemotherapy. Now, if treated at an early stage / before it spreads, it just so happens to be that melanoma has a high cure rate.
Homeostasis means Stable internal conditions. Changing internal conditions. Changing external conditions Stable external conditions.
Stable internal conditions
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the cavities of the body? Dorsally, the body cavities are protected by bone. The abdominopelvic region is divided into 8 regions to allow more specificity and accuracy. Ventrally, the body cavities are protected by the serous membrane. Body cavities are fluid-filled spaces where internal organs are located.
The abdominopelvic region is divided into 8 regions to allow more specificity and accuracy.
What causes the appearance of striations on skeletal and cardiac muscle? All of these The alternation of sarcomeres Changes in blood supply Alternation of actin and myosin
The alternation of sarcomeres
Which of these statements is correct? The shoulder is lateral to the neck The inside of the thigh is lateral to the outside of the foot The knee is lateral to the hip The ankle is medial to the foot
The knee is lateral to the hip
Which of the following statements is correct? The neck is superior to the pelvis The ribs are superior to the chin The chest is inferior to the stomach The hip is superior to the shoulder
The neck is superior to the pelvis
As we compare exocrine and endocrine, what is the main difference between the two. The size of the gland determines the type The presence or absence of ducts The presence or absence of simple squamous cells Exocrine glands are only found in the digestive tract.
The presence or absence of ducts
Transitional epithelium is able to stretch. Which anatomical structure would be most likely to have transitional epithelium? Intestine Iris of the eye Urinary bladder Heart
Urinary bladder
You have been appointed as the newest member of a forensics crime scene team. Skeletal remains were recently discovered at a crime scene and it is your job to determine whether the victim was male or female. How will you do this? Describe at least five things that you could look at to come to a conclusion.
When determining whether the victim was female of male, it is often hard for an amateur to distinguish the two, but lucky for us, I'm an expert. One of the most noticeable features that put males and females apart is the skeleton. Males tend to have a larger skeleton than females. Another KEY feature that is MOST RELIABLE is the pelvis. Now, because females have to give birth, their pelvises tend to be much more circular and open. Also, the overall shape of the female pelvis is more outwardly flared whereas the male pelvis is more heart shaped. Also, we could look at the pelvic inlet and outlet. In males, the pelvic inlet and outlet tends to be smaller and the pelvic inlet and outlets of females tend to be bigger. Another key feature is the skull. In males, the skull tends to be heavier and larger and the forehead tends to slope whereas females tend to have a straight forehead. Also, the male chin is more square whereas females have more pointed chins. We could also look at joint surfaces. Females tend to have smaller joint surfaces whereas males tend to have bigger joint surfaces. Another thing we can look at is the eye sockets / the general area when looking at the skull (aka orbit). The lower section of the orbit differs slightly between males and females. Women, for example, have a sharper ridge. Males therefore, have a slightly blunter surface. Therefore, if you only have a skull to investigate, this would be really helpful because who needs a pelvis and spine to determine whether the victim was male or female? Am I right, or am I right?
The distal end of the sternum is known as the Olecranon process Ulnar process Xiphoid process Radial process
Xiphoid process
A motor unit is made up of _______________. a fascicle and a nerve all the muscle fibers within a given muscle all the neurons going into an individual section of the body a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
What is the name of the enzyme that keeps muscles from constantly contracting? amalyse lipase acetylcholinesterase myosin
acetylcholinesterase
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of the motor neuron: calcium is released inside of the muscle fiber acetylcholinesterease is released into the synaptic cleft acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft physical contact between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber occurs
acetylcholinesterease is released into the synaptic cleft
Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group? fiber fibril actin filament
actin
The two proteins in the sarcomere that allow a muscle to contract are Myosin & calcium Myosin & ATP actin & myosin actin & ATP
actin & myosin
Which of the following can burn skin? (Mark as many as you think are correct answers.) Radiation Hot liquid Chemicals Electricity
all
The cells of squamous epithelium are a single cell thick. This is advantageous to the body because it ________. allows for filtration and diffusion increases the strength of muscle contractions serves as a barrier to ultraviolet radiation binds cancer cells in a matrix for later disposal
allows for filtration and diffusion
This type of tissue appears empty but is actually the storehouse of energy, while protecting and insulating many organs. blood adipose reticular connective cartilage
andipose
Mrs. Smith is walking toward you. You are looking at her _______________surface. Anterior Posterior Proximal Dorsal
anterior
The coronal plane divides the body into equal right and left parts right and left parts anterior and posterior parts equal anterior and posterior parts
anterior and posterior parts
The scapula is found in the ____________________ skeleton. Axial Anterior Auxiliary Appendicular
appendicular
Muscles that are not used, may degenerate or undergo a process of _____. Atrophy Tetany Hypertrophy Fatigue
atrophy
Skeletal muscle is described by all of the following EXCEPT: multinucleate striated voluntary auto rhythmic
auto rhythmic
The sacrum is found in the ____________________ skeleton. Anterior Auxillary Appendicular Axial
axial
Which muscle groups are located in the arm? quadriceps trapezious hamstrings biceps
biceps
Which of these is not one of the four basic types of body tissue? Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue Brain tissue Connective tissue
brain tissue
What is the name of the five bones that make up the palm of the hand? Metacarpals Tarsals Phalanges Carpals
carpals
Which type of tissue protects and cushions organs and tissue? muscular nervous connective epithelial
connective
You are looking at a slice of bone through a microscope. What tissue type would you be most likely to find? Connective Nervous Epithelial Muscle
connective
Which tissue type covers the inside and outside of bodily surfaces as well as organs? muscle epithelial nervous connective
epithelial
Which type of tissue consists of squamous, cuboidal and columnar classifications? epithelial connective muscle nervous
epithelial
The stiffness of muscle tissue in rigor mortis partially results from: excessive acetycholine activity on muscle excessive lactic acid build up excessive calcium release in muscle excessive contraction of the fibers
excessive calcium release in muscle
Which of the following actions is caused by skeletal muscle: dilation of pupil eye movements constriction of blood vessels heartbeat
eye movements
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? Blood cell formation Fat and mineral production Protection of internal organs Support
fat and mineral production
Which is NOT a type of muscle? Cardiac Hepatic Smooth Skeletal
hepatic
Elbow flexion and extension occur at which type of joint? Saddle Gliding Hinge Ball and socket
hinge
The Latin prefix for "under" is ________. supra hypo ipsi epi
hypo
The upper 1/3 of the pelvic bone is the Ischium Pubis Ilium Sacrum
illium
Which chemical is responsible for muscle soreness when working out without stretching? glucose creatine phosphate ATP lactic acid
lactic acid
The lower and posterior back muscles are called the intercostals chest lattismus dorsi trapezious
lattismus dorsi
When the pH of the muscle decreases because of the build up of lactic acid, which of the following may occur? Rigor mortis Tetanus None of these Loss of muscle tone
loss of muscle tone
What is the name of the only freely movable bone in the skull? Sphenoid Mandible Maxilla Zygomatic
mandible
Choose the incorrect set of opposite terms. medial and lateral inferior and superior anterior and posterior medial and anterior
medial and anterior
Choose the correct set of opposite directional terms. medial and lateral lateral and inferior superior and posterior posterior and medial parts
medial and lateral
Your patient has been diagnosed as an albino. What is this person missing? Glial cells Squamous cells Melanocytes Osteocytes
melanocytes
If a carbohydrate is a great source of energy, which tissue would benefit the most? Bone Muscle Nervous Cartilage
muscle
Which of the following does NOT occur in a muscle during contraction: thick and thin filaments "slide" past each other muscle fiber stretch muscle fibers shorten thick and thin filaments bind to each other
muscle fiber stretch
The skeletal system provides a place for ____________________ to attach. Nerves Muscles Organs Blood vessels
muscles
The thick filament of fibrous protein that engages in the "sliding filament" process for the contraction and relaxation of muscles is made of the protein Calcium actin ATP myosin
myosin
According to the classification of anatomical hierarchy, which represents the correct sequence of structure? tissue, organelle, system, organ cell, tissue, organelle, organ organ, tissue, cell, organelle cell, tissue, atom, molecule
organ, tissue, cell, organelle
Which ribs are considered to be "floating" because they do not connect to the sternum? pairs 11-12 pairs 8-10 pairs 1 - 2 pairs 6-7
pairs 11-12
Which term is NOT used to describe one of the four types of tissue? connective muscle pancreatic nervous
pancreatic
The large, rectangular bones that form the top and sides of the cranium are the ____________________ bones. Occipital Sphenoid Temporal Parietal
parietal
Which type of feedback loop increases the response to the stimulus? Alternating None of the above Negative Positive
positive
Joe is working on his third set of thirty push-ups. Which best describes the position he is in? Distal Strong Prone Supine
prone
The human body is covered with hair. What function(s) of the integumentary system does this structure perform? (Mark as many as you think are correct.) protection sensation thermoregulation metabollic
protection sensation thermoregulation
A ____ is the basic unit of striated muscular tissue sacromere myocyte myofibril myosin filament
sacromere
The smallest contractile unit of muscle tissue is a: synapse motor unit thin filament sarcomere
sacromere
Which plane would cut the body into right and left halves? Frontal Transverse Sagital None of the above
sagital
The shoulder girdle is formed by which two bones? humerus and scapula ulna and radius scapula and clavicle sternum and clavicle
scapula and clavicle
The joints that hold cranial bones together are called Fontanels Bregma Cartilaginous Sutures
sutures
Which of the following is an example of an exocrine gland? Adrenal gland Sweat gland Pituitary gland Pineal gland
sweat gland
Muscles that act to cause similar movements are called _____. insertions synergist antagonist origins
synergist
Choose the correct anatomical statement. Arteries carry oxygen rich blood to most body parts. The muscular system works with the integumentary system to allow for movement. The skeleton consists of 206 bones. The alveoli are the sites for gas exchange in the lungs.
the skeleton consists of 206 bones.
What is the name of the superficial bone that extends down the front of the lower leg? tibia fibula patella femur
tibia
The term _____ refers to the constant state of contraction of a certain number of fibers within a muscle. summation atrophy tone hypertrophy
tone
This type of tissue can stretch from one appearance to another for organs such as the urinary bladder, uretha and ureters of the urinary tract stratified cuboidal stratified columnar transitional pseudo stratified columnar
transitional
The major regulatory proteins in muscle tissue are: myosin and actin actin and troponin troponin and tropomyosin myosin and tropomyosin
troponin and tropomyosin