A&P Muscles

External Urethral Sphincter

3 openings. non sphincter muscle around vaginal opening **** Muscle encircling urethra and vagina Origin-ischiopubic rami Inserts-midline raphe Constricts urethra; allows voluntary inhibition of urination; helps support pelvic organs

Flexor Carpi

Anterior-medium depth--> very deep. From anterior humerus, across the elbow into carpals. Flexion *****Flexor of wrist, Adducts hand

Coccygeus

Between Coccyx and go laterally. Support internal organs **** Small triangular muscle lying posterior to levator ani; forms posterior part of pelvic diaphragm Origin-spine of ischium Insert-sacrum and coccyx Supports pelvic visceral; supports coccyx and pulls it forward after it has been reflected posteriorly by defecation and childbirth

Hamstring Muscles

Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus Smeitendinous Connective tissue is what tightens up. From posterior hip and femur to tibia and fibula Extension at hip, flexion at knee. Agonist of gluteus maximas Antagonizers: illiopsoas and pecineus ****The hamstrings are fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh. They cross both the hip and knee joints and are prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion. The group has a common origin site and is innervated by sciatic nerve. Ability of hamstrings to act on one of the two joints spanned depends on which joint is fixed-if knee (extended), they extend hip; if hip is extended, they flex knee. When hamstrings are stretched, they tend to restrict full accomplishment of antagonistic movement. EX. If the knees are fully extended, it is difficult to flex the hip fully, and when the thigh is fully flexes as in kicking a football, it is almost impossible to extend the knee fully at the same time. Name of this muscle group comes from old butchers' practice of using their tendons to hang hams for smoking. "pulled hamstrings" are common sports injuries in those who run very hard.

Bulbospongiosus

Both voluntary and involuntary muscles for erection. Female around vaginal, contracted during intercourse **** Encloses base of penis (bulb) in males and lies deep to labia in females Origin-central tendon of perineum and midline raphe of penis Insert-anteriorly into corpora cavernosa of penis or clitoris Empties male urethra; assists in erection of penis and of clitoris

Platysma

Comes in at edge of lips from bottom Fascia to fascia-originates from fascia of chest and inserts into fascia of orbicularis oris. Inserts into mandible for chewing Depresses mandible Used for frowning ***Unpaired, thin, sheetlike superficial neck muscle; not strictly a head muscle, but plays a role in facial expression Origin-Fascia of chest-over pectoral muscles and deltoid Insert-Lower margin of mandible, and skin and muscle at corner of mouth Tenses skin of neck (during shaving); helps depress mandible; pulls lower lip back and down, producing downward sag of mouth -facial nerve

Buccinator

Comes in at edge of lips on side Origin-back of mandible and Maxillary Compresses Cheek Used for blowing and sucking **Thin, horizontal cheek muscle; principal muscle of cheek, deep to masseter Origin-Molar region of maxilla and mandible Inserts-orbocularis oris Compresses cheek -as in whistling and sucking-trampoline-like action holds food between teeth during chewing; draws corner of mouth laterally; well developed in nursing infants -Facial Nerve

Soleus

Deep to gastrocnemius. Planterflexion ***Broad, flat muscle, deep to gastrocnemius on posterior surface of calf. Origin-extensive origin from superior tibia, dibula, and interosseous membrane Insert-posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Planter flexes foot; important locomotor and postural muscle during walking, running, and dancing.

Popliteus

Deep to hamstrings. From lateral femur to posterior tibia. Flexion at knee ****Thin, triangular muscle at posterior knee; passes inferomedially to tibial surface. Origin-lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus of knee Insert-Proximal tibia Flexes and rotates leg medially to unlock extended knee when flexion beings; with tibia fixed, rotates thigh laterally

Transverse abdominis

Deepest, come around side. Flexion of vertebral column-external obliques. Support and compression of abdomen organs-transverse and flexion. Main flexor, as strings get shorter, your going to bend ***Deepest inner most muscle of abdominal wall; fibers run horizontally. Origin-inguinal ligament, lumber fascia, cartilages of last six ribs, iliac crest Insertion-linea alba, pubic crest Compresses abdominal contents -intercostal nerves

Intervertebral

Deepest. Directly from 1 vertebrae to another. Erect Posture

Internal Intercostal

Fibers between two ribs toward the middle Originates in lower ribs and insert into upper ribs. Forces expiration-force exhale, ribs go down ***** 11 pairs lie between ribs; fibers run deep to and at right angles to those of external intercostals (run downward and posteriorly); lower internal intercostal are continuous with fibers of internal oblique muscle of abdominal wall Origin-superior border of rib below Insert-inferior border-costal groove-of rib above With 12th ribs fixed by quadratus lumborum, muscles of posterior abdominal wall, and oblique muscles of the abdominal wall, they draw ribs together and depress rib cage; aid forced expiration; antagonistic to external intercostals -intercostal nerves

External Intercostal

Fibers between two ribs. Some fibers are more toward the outside Originates in upper rib and inserts into lower rib Inspiration-move ribs up ****11 pairs lie between ribs; fibers run obliquely-down and forward-form each rib to rib below; in lower intercostal spaces, fibers are continuous with external oblique muscle, forming part of abdominal wall Origin-inferior border of rib above Insert-Superior border of rib below With first ribs fixed by scalene muscles, pull ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage; aid in inspiration, synergeists of diaphragm -intercostal nerves

Biceps Brachii

From anterior scapula to radius. Flexion of forearm at elbow. Supination at wrist. *** Two headed fusiform muscle; bellies unite as insertion point is approached; tendon of long head helps stabilize shoulder joint. Origin-short head-coracoid process; long head-supraglenoid tubercle and lip of glenoid cavity; tendon of long head runs within capsule and into intertubercular sulcus of humerus Insertion-by commnon tendon into radial tuberosity. Flexes elbow joint and supinates forearm; these actions usually occur at same time. weak flexor of arm at shoulder

Tibialis Anterior

From anterior tibia to metatarsals. Dorsiflexion at ankle **** Superficial muscle of anterior leg; laterally parallels sharp anterior margin of tibia Origin-lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft; interosseous muscle Inserts-by tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone. Prime mover of dorsiflexion; intercepts foot; helps support medial longitudinal arch of foot

Quadriceps Femoris

From hip and anterior femur to patella and tibia. Extension at knee. Rectus femoris-used for IM injections in kids. Vastus Medialis-medial side ***Arises from four separate heads that form the flesh of front and sides of thigh. These heads have a common insertion tendon, the quadriceps tendon, which insters into the patella and then via the patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity. The quadriceps is a powerful knee extensor used in climbing, jumping, running, and rising from seated position. The tone of quadriceps plays important role in strengthening the knee joint.

Brachialis

From humerus to ulna. major flexor of forearm. Deep to biceps. ****** Strong muscle that is immediately deep to biceps brachii on distal humerus. Origin-front of distal humerus; embraces insertion of deltoid muscle Insertion-Coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint. A major forearm flexor

Latissimus Dorsi

From low throactic and lumbar region to humerus. Depresses humerus and shoulder. Depression-Antagonist muscles are portions of trapezius and levator scapulae. ***Broad, flat, triangular muscle of lower back-lumber region; extensive superficial origins; covered by trapezius superiorly; contributes to the posterior wall of axilla. Origin-indirect attachment via lumbodorsal fascia into spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower 3 to 4 ribs. and iliac crest; also from scapula's inferior angle. Inserts-spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus. Prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder; depresses scapula; plays important role in lowering arm in a power stroke, as in striking a blow, hammering, swimming, and rowing. with arms fixed overhead, it pulls the rest of the body upward and forward.

Gastrocnemius

From posterior femur and and tibia. Insert to calcaneous via Achilles tendon. Planter flexion at angle. Antagonizes by anterior tibialis. ****Superficial muscle of pair; two prominent bellies that form proximal curve of calf. Origin-by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur Insert-posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Plantar flexes foot when knee is extended; because it also crosses knee joint, it can flex knee when foot is dorsiflexed

Triceps brachii

From posterior humerus and scapula, inserts to ulna. Extension of forearm. ****Large fleshy muscle; the only muscle of posterior compartment of arm; three-headed origin; long and lateral heads lie superficial to medial head. Origin-long head-infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Lateral head-posterior shaft of humerus; medial head: posterior to humeral shaft. distal to radial groove. insert-by common tendon into olecranon of ulna. Powerful forearm extensor. Antagonist of forearm flexors, long and lateral heads mainly active in extending the forearm against resistance;; long head tendon may help stabilize shoulder joint and assist in arm adduction.

Pectineus

From pubic bone to femur Flexion and adduction at hip **** Short, flat muscle; overlies adductor brevis on proximal thigh, abuts adductor longus medially. Origin-pubis Inserts-from lesser trochanter interior to the linea aspera on posterior aspect of femur. Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh

Deltoid

From scapular and clavicle, insert humerus at different angles. Flexion, abduction, externsion, hyperextension of arm *****Thick, multipennate muscle forming rounded shoulder muscle mass; a common site for intramuscular injection, particularly in males where it tends to be very fleshy. Origin- embraces insertion of the trapezius; lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula Inserts-deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Prime mover of arm abduction when all its fibers contract simultaneously. antagonist of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, which adduct the arm; if only anterior fibers are active, can act powerfully in flexing and rotating humerus medially, therefore synergist of pectoralis major if only posterior fibers are active, causes extension and lateral rotation of arm; active during rhythmic arm swinging movements while walking.

Pectoralis Major

From sternum, ribs, clavicle. to humerus. Flexion, medial rotation, adducts of upper arm. ****Large, fan-shaped muscle covering superior portion of chest; forms anterior axillary fold; divided into clavicular and sternal parts. Origin-Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, ; and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle Insert-fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into intertubercular sulcus and greater tubercle of humerus Prime mover of arm flexion; rotates arm medially; adducts arm against resistance; with scapula and arm fixed, pulls rib cage upward, thus can help in climbing, throwing, pushing, and forced inspiration

Iliopsoas

From vertebrae illium, to femur. Flexion at hip ****Iliopsoas is a composite of two closely related muscles (iliacus and psoas major) whose fibers pass under the inguinal ligament to insert via a common tendon on the femur.

Orbicularis Oris

Inside your lips Form words, smile, frown ***Complicated, multilayered muscle of the lips with fibers that run in many different directions; most run circularly Origin-Arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible'; fibers blend with fibers of other facial muscles associated with the lips Inserts-encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth Closes lips; purses and protrudes lips; kissing and whistling muscle -Facial Nerve

Illiocostal

Lateral. From illium of hips to ribs. Keep posture erect ****Most lateral muscle group of erector spinae muscles; extend from pelvis to neck Origin-iliac crests; inferior 6 ribs; ribs 3-6 Inserts-Angles of ribs; transverse processes of cervcial vertebrae C6-C4 Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column; maintain erect posture; acting on one side, bend vertebral column to same side -Spinal nerves-dorsal rami

Trapezius

Levator scapulae and rhomboids are deep to trapezius. Originates from cervical to thoractic area. Inserts into scapula at different angles. Elevation. Stabilizes scapula. ***Most superficial muscle and posterior thorax; flat and triangular in shape; upper fibers run inferiorly to scapula; middle fibers run horizontally to scapula; lower fibers run superiorly to scapula. Origin-occipital bone, ligamentum no=nuchae, and spinous processes of C7, and all thoracic vertebrae Insert-a continuous insertion along acromion and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle. Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula; middle fibers retract-adduct- scapula; superior fibers elevate scapula (as in shrugging the shoulders. ) or help extend head with scapula fixed; inferior fibers depress scapula (and shoulders).

Naming of muscles

Location Shape Relative size Direction of muscle fibers Location of attachments Number of origins Actions

Glossal Muscles

Orginate from mandible and temporal-styloid proces Insert-Tongue Both Intrinsic and Extrinsic Shapes words, holds tongue in place and helps talk

Temporalis

Origin-Temporal Inserts-Mandible Elevates Mandible *** Fan-shaped muscle that covers parts of the temporal, frontal and parietal bones Origin-Temporal fossa Inserts-Coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch Closes jaw, elevates and retracts mandible, maintains position of the mandible at rest; deep anterior part may help protract mandible. **Trigeminal nerve-Cranial Nerve V

Rhomboids

Originate C5-Thoractic area. Stabilizes shoulder. ****Two roughly diamond-shaped muscles lying deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae; rhomboid minor is the more superior muscle. Origin-spinous processes of C7 and T1-minor. and spinous processes of T2-T5-Major. Inserts-medial border of scapula. Stabilize scapula; act together to retract-adduct-scapula, thus "squaring shoulders": rotate scapula so that glenoid cavity is downward

Longissimus

Originate in lower vertebrae and sacrum. Lower ribs Inserts into upper vertebra and mastoid process of temporal bone Extension of head in yes movement Groups of muscles that run up the body around the spine Antagonistic to sternocleidomastoid ***** Intermediate tripartite muscle group of erector spinae; extend by many muscle slips from lumbar region to skull; mainly pass between transverse process of vertebrae Origin-Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae Inserts- transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin as indicated by name; capitis inserts into mastoid process of temporal bone Thoracis and cervicis act together to extend and laterally flex vertebral column; capitis extends head and turns the face toward same side =Spinal nerves-dorsal rami

Sternohyoid

Originates form sternum Inserts in hyoid Lowers hyoid and larynx Opens Glottis Breathing ***Most medial muscle of the neck, thin, superficial except inferiorly, where covered by sternocleidomastoid Originates-manubrium and medial end of clavicle Inserts0lower margin of hyoid bone Depresses larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed;may also flex skull -Cervical spinal nerves 1-3, through ansa cervicalis-slender nerve root in cervical plexus

Gluteus Maximus

Originates from posterior hip and sacrum to femur. Extension at the hip. Anagonizes the illiopsoas and pectineus. Has gluteal artery and sciatic nerve **** Largest and most superficial gluteus muscle; forms bulk of buttock mass; fibers are thick and coarse; important site of intramuscular injection; overlies large sciatic nerve; covers ischial tuberosity only when standing; when sitting, move superiorly, leaving ischial tuberosity exposed in the subcutaneous position. Origin-dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx Inserts- gluteal tuberosity of femur; iliotibial tract Major extensor of thigh; complex, powerful, and most effective when thigh is flexed and force is necessary, as in rising from a forward flexed position. and in thrustingthe thigh posteriorly in climbing stairs and running; generally inactive during standing and walking; laterally rotates and abducts thigh

Masseter Muscle

Originates from zygomatic Inserts-mandible Elevates Mandible **Powerful muscle that covers lateral aspect of mandibular ramus Origin-zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone Inserts-angle and ramus of mandible Prime mover of jaw closure, elevates mandible -Trigeminal nerve-Cranial Nerve V

External Anal Sphincter

Pelvic floor, 2 openings Contracted until urination or deficiation ***posterior half of the perineum encircling the anus. allows voluntary control of defecation

Levator Ani

Perinuem, around anal canal, supports it. Origin back of pelvic bone. Support anal canal and internal organs *** Broad, thin, tripartite muscle (pubococcygeus, puborectails, and iliococcygeus) its fibers extend inferomedially, forming a muscular "sling" around male prostate (or female vagina), urethra, and anorectal junction before meeting in the median plane Origin-Extensive linear origin inside pelvis from pibis is ischial spine Insertion-inner surface of coccyx, levator ani of opposite side, and into the structures that penetrate it Support and maintains position of pelvic viscera; resists downward thrusts that accompany rises in intrapelvic pressure during coughing, vomiting, and expulsive efforts of abdominal muscles; forms sphincters at anorectal junction and vagina; lifts anal canal during defecation

Extensor Carpi

Posterior-medium depth--> very deep. from posterior. Extension ***Extends wrist, adducts wrist, abducts

Stylohyoid

Raises hyoid and larynx closes glottis Swallowing ***Slender Muscle below angle of jaw; parallels posterior belly of diagastric muscle Origin-styloid process of temporal bone Inserts-Hyoid bone Elevates and retracts hyoid, thereby elongating floow of mouth during swallowing -Facial nerve

Internal abdominal oblique

Run at angle, on top of transverse coming to fascia. Go upward, origin below. ***Most fibers run upward and medially; however, the muscle fans so its inferior fibers run downward and medially. Origin-lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament. Inserts-linea alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs, and costal margin Works with external oblique=when pair contract simultaneously, flex vertebreal column and compress abdominal wall and increase intrabdominal pressure; acting individually, aid muscles of back in rotating trunk and flexing laterally; used as oblique curls -Intercostal nerves

External Obliques

Run on top of internal oblique, on top of transverse. Go downward, originates at ribs ****Largest and most superficial of the three lateral muscles; fibers run downward and medially (same direction outstretched fingers take when hands are in pocket); aponeurosis turns under inferiorly, forming inguinal ligament Origin-by fleshy strips from outer surfaces of lower eight ribs Insertion-most fibers insert into linea alba via a broad aponeurosis; some insert into pubic crest and tubercle and iliac crest Works with internal oblique=when pair contract simultaneously, flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall and increase intra-abdominal pressure; acting individually, aid muscles of back in rotating trunk and flexing laterally; used in oblique curls -intercostal nerves

Diaphragm

Separate thoracic and abdominal cavity. Insert into a large piece of fascia. When they are relaxed diaphragm is a dome, contracting moves it down and makes it flat. Orginates from ribs, sternum, lumbar vertebra-thing Involved in breathing. Ribs go up, diaphragm goes down ***Broad muscle pierced by the aorta, inferior vena cava, and esophagus, forms floor of thoracic cavity; dome shaped in relaxed state; fibers converge from margins of thoracic cage toward a boomerang shaped central tendon Origin-inferior, internal surface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae Insert-central tendon Prime mover of inspiration; flattens on contraction, increasing vertical dimensions of thorax; when strongly contracted, dramatically increases intra-abdominal pressure.

Spinalis

Shorter muscles between vertebraes Keep posture erect ***Most medial muscle column of erector spinae; cervicis usually rudimentary and poorly defined. Origin- spinous process of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae Inserts-Spinous process of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae extends vertebral column -Spinal nerves, dorsal rami

SternocleidoMastoid

Start in sternum, run through neck and attaches to mastoid process. Deep to Platysma muscles Flexion, yes movement, bending head forward, or to side and forward. Rocks occipital bone relative to atlas *** Two headed muscle located deep to platysma on anterolateral surface of neck; fleshy parts on either side of neck delineate limits of anterior and posterior triangles; key muscular landmark in neck; spasms of one of these muscles may cause to torticollis-wryneck Origin-Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle Inserts-mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone Flexes and laterally rotates the head; simultaneous contraction of both muscles flexes neck, generally against resistance as when raising head when lying on back; acting alone, each muscle rotates head toward shoulder on opposite side and tilts or laterally flexes head to its own side. -Accessory Nerve-Cranial Nerve XI and branches of cervical spinal nerves C2,C3 ventral rami

Sartorius

Starts at illium of hip bone (lateral hip) fibers run parallel, running at an angel, inserting to medial tibia. Flexion at the knee ****Straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee; longest muscle in body; crosses both hip and knee joints Origin-anterior superior iliac spine Insert-winds around medial aspect of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia. Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee (weak) as in a soccer kick; helps produce the cross-legged position

Rectus Abdominis

Striaght up and down, in between external and internal obliques Origin-symphysis pubis Inserts-sternum and ribs *** Medial superficial muscle pair; extend from pubis to rib cage; ensheathed by aponeuroses of lateral muscles; segmented by three tendinous intersections Origin-pubic crest and symphysis Inserts-xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column; fix and depress ribs, stabilize pelvic during walking, increase intra-abdominal pressure; used in sit-ups, curls. -Intercostal nerves

Rotator Cuff Muscles

Supraspinatus-above infraspinatus-below teres minor and teres major. Anterior-sub scapularis. Originates in scapula and inserts in humerus From posterior scapular to humerus, lateral rotation. Antagonist of pectoralis major. *Anterior-subscapularis from anterior scapula to humerus, medial roatation. Agonist of pectoralis major. Antagonist of posterior rotator cuff muscles.

Tendon

Ties muscle to bone. made up of endomysium, perimysium, epimysium. Origin-bone it connects to is not going to move-stable inserts-bone that is moves.

Zygomaticus

Top corner of lips Zygomate bone to lips Used for smiling ***Muscle pair extending diagonally from cheekbone to corner of mouth origin-zygomatic bone Inserts-skin and muscle at corner of mouth Raises lateral corners of mouth upward-smiling muscle -Facial Nerve

Convergent

a triangular or or fan shaped

Fascia

above coverings of muscle

Circular

arranged in concentric rings. Muscles with this arrangement surround external body openings, which they close by contracting. they don't attach to bones

Ischiocavernosus

both voluntary and involuntary muscles for erection. ***runs from pelvic to base of penis or clitoris Origin-ischial tuberosities Insert-crus of corpora cavernosa of male penis or female clitoris Retard venous drainage and maintains erection of penis or clitoris

Agonist

causing contraction

Levator Scapulae

elevates the scapula. Originates from C1-C4. Elevation and adduction of scapula. ****Located at back and side of neck, deep to trapezius; thick straplike muscle Origin-transverse processes of C1-C4 Insert-medial border of scapula, superior to spine Elevates/adducts scapula in concert with superior fibers of trapezius; tilts glenoid cavity downward when scapula is fixed, flexes neck o same side

Pennate

fascicles are short and they attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle

Unipennate

fascicles insert into only one side of the tendon. feather like

bipennate

fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides so the muscle's "grain" resembles a feather.

Gluteus medius

from lateral ilium-hip bone-to femur. Abduction at hip. Antagonizes by pectineus and adductus longus. Used for IM injections! ****Thick muscle largely covered by gluteus maximus; important sit for intramuscular injections; considered safer than dorsal gluteal site because less chance of injuring sciatic nerve Origin-between anterior and posterior gluetal lines on lateral surface of ilium Inserts-by short tendon into lateral aspect of freater trochanter of femur Abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis, its extremely important in walking,

Adductor longus

from pubic bone to femur. Adduction ****Overlies middle aspect of adductor magnus; most anterior of adductor muscles. origin-pubis near pubic symphysis Inserts-linea aspera Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh.

Endomysium

goes around cell membrane of a single cell. of a muscle fiber *** overcoat of sense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle. Sometimes it blends with the deep fascia that lies between neighboring muscles or the superficial fascia deep to the skin

Aponeurosis

large layer of fascia-connective tissue- in abdomen that holds 1 layer of the muscle down. Connective tissue layers act as origin and insertion layers.

Strap

length of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle. *Also called a parallel muscle

Multipennate

many feathers side by side, with all their quills inserted into one large tendon.

Fusiform

narrow ends with a fat middle. spindle shaped

Antagonist

relaxing, opposing the movement.

Perimysium

wrapping around a fascicle ***within each skeletal muscle the muscle fibers are grouped into fascicles that resemble bundles of sticks. Surrounding each fascicle is a layer of fibrous connective tissue.

Epimysium

wrapping around a muscle *** is a wispy sheath of connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle fiber. it consists of fine areolar connective tissue.