A&P Quiz Heart

Activation of the beta1-adrenergic receptors causes a

(+) chronotropic effect.

The normal adult heart rate averages

70 to 80 beats/min.

Structure located in the floor of the right atrium, near the interatrial septum, that slows the impulse of the electrical signal into the ventricles

AV node

What do the venae cavae, pulmonary trunk, and aorta have in common?

All are called great vessels.

Large artery classified as ascending, arch, and descending

Aorta

Left ventricle ejects blood into this blood vessel

Aorta

Stenosis of this valve causes left ventricular hypertrophy.

Aortic

AV valve that allows oxygenated blood to flow from the atrium into the ventricle

Bicuspid valve

Specialized conduction tissue located in the interventricular septum

Bundle of His

Stroke volume times heart rate

Cardiac output

Which of the following is an incorrect group?

Cardiac response to vagal discharge: (+) chronotropic effect, (+) inotropic effect, tachycardia

Attach the cusps of the AV valves to the ventricular walls

Chordae tendineae

Arrangement of arteries at the base of the brain

Circle of Willis

Distal abdominal aorta bifurcates (splits) into right and left

Common iliac arteries

Blood vessels that arise at the base of the aorta, just beyond the aortic valve

Coronary arteries

Branches of the ascending aorta that supply the myocardium of the heart

Coronary arteries

Which of the following is true of coronary blood flow?

Coronary blood flow can increase. Coronary blood flow is greatest during myocardial relaxation. Coronary arteries can form anastomoses, multiple connections between the arteries

Phase of the cardiac impulse (action potential) that is due to the inflow (influx) of Na+

Depolarization

Phase of the cardiac cycle that refers to myocardial relaxation

Diastole

Artery located in the ankle/foot area

Dorsalis pedis

Opening that connects the fetal pulmonary artery with the aorta

Ductus arteriosus

Fetal structure that allows most of the blood to bypass the liver and flow from the umbilical vein to the vena cava

Ductus venosus

Which of the following groups describes preload and afterload?

EDV, resistance

Percentage of EDV pumped by the ventricle

Ejection fraction

Large deep vein in the thigh that enters the pelvis as the external iliac vein

Femoral

_ Large deep vein in the thigh that enters the pelvis as the external iliac vein

Femoral

Hole between the right and left atria in the fetal heart

Foramen ovale

The longest vein in the body located in the lower extremities

Great saphenous

_ The longest vein in the body located in the lower extremities

Great saphenous

Veins that carry blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava

Hepatic

_ Veins that carry blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava

Hepatic

Common iliac vein empties its blood into this large vein

Inferior vena cava

_ Common iliac vein empties its blood into this large vein

Inferior vena cava

Change in myocardial contraction that is not caused by stretching of the heart muscle

Inotropic effect

Which statement is false regarding S1?

It is caused by the firing of the SA node.

Which of the following is false regarding the myocardium?

It is found in the ventricles but not the atria.

Which of the following is not true about the right ventricle?

It is the ventricle that pumps blood to the systemic circulation.

_ Main vein that drains the brain

Jugular

Pulmonary veins empty blood into this cardiac chamber

Left atrium

Cardiac chamber associated with the mitral and aortic valves

Left ventricle

Arm vein commonly used to administer IV fluids or draw a sample of blood

Median cubital

_ Arm vein commonly used to administer IV fluids or draw a sample of blood

Median cubital

Contracting layer described by the terms actin, myosin, and sarcomeres

Myocardium

Part of the ECG that indicates atrial depolarization

P wave

Part of the ECG that indicates the time it takes for the electrical signal to travel from the atrium to the ventricle

P-R interval

Cavity located between the visceral and parietal pericardium

Pericardial cavity

Sling-like fold of epicardium that supports the heart

Pericardium

Place for the maternal-fetal exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste

Placenta

Formed by the merger of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins

Portal

_ Formed by the merger of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins

Portal

Which of the following is false about the hepatic portal system?

Portal pressure is normally as high as aortic pressure.

Area of the anterior chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels

Precordium

Which one is not a layer of the heart?

Precordium

Which of the following refers to the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase (diastole)?

Preload

Blood vessel that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Pulmonary artery

Path of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium

Pulmonary circulation

Which of the following is a consequence of backward failure associated with left-sided heart failure?

Pulmonary edema

Semilunar valve that allows unoxygenated blood to flow from the ventricle toward the lungs

Pulmonic valve

Rapidly conducting fibers that supply the ventricles

Purkinje fibers

Part of the ECG that represents ventricular depolarization

QRS complex

Which of the following groups include all electrical terms?

QRS complex, T wave, depolarization, pacemaker

_ Drains the kidney

RENAL

the site most often used to take a pulse is the

Radial Artery

Phase of the cardiac impulse (action potential) that is due to the outflow (efflux) of K+

Repolarization

Venae cavae empty blood into this cardiac chamber

Right atrium

Structure associated with the pulmonic and tricuspid valves

Right ventricle

The pacemaker of the heart is the

SA node

Refers to the relationship between myocardial stretch and strength of myocardial contraction

Starling's law of the heart

Amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat

Stroke volume

Vein that receives blood from the axillary and external jugular veins

Subclavian

_ Vein that receives blood from the axillary and external jugular veins

Subclavian

Large vein that drains the head, shoulders, and upper extremities and empties blood into the right atrium

Superior vena cava

Large vein that drains the head, shoulders, and upper extremities and empties blood into the right atrium

Superior vena cava

Path of blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body's cells and back to the right atrium

Systemic circulation

Phase of the cardiac cycle that refers to myocardial contraction

Systole

Which of the following best describes myocardial contraction and relaxation?

Systole, diastole

Part of the ECG that represents ventricular repolarization

T wave

Which statement is false regarding the ductus arteriosus and fetal circulation?

The ductus arteriosus is an opening between the right and left atria

Which of the following is not true?

The portal vein drains the liver, emptying blood into the inferior vena cava.

Which statement is not true of arteries?

They have one-way valves.

Blood vessel layer composed of smooth muscle

Tunica media

Baby's lifeline—contains one umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries

Umbilical cord

Because of its effect on the vagus nerve to relieve bradycardia, atropine is considered a

Vagolytic drug.

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Veins

Tiny veins that drain the capillaries and converge to form larger veins

Venules

A person in right-sided heart failure may manifest it by

a pulsating jugular vein.

Resistance or opposition to the flow of blood

afterload

Starling's law of the heart

allows the heart to match cardiac output with venous return of blood.

The major artery of systemic circulation is the

aorta.

Purkinje fibers

are distributed throughout the ventricular myocardium.

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

arteries

Resistance vessels

arterioles

Excess vagal discharge causes

bradycardia

The circle of Willis helps maintain a rich blood supply to the

brain.

Because of their function, veins are called

capacitance vessels.

Exchange vessels

capillaries

When normal diastole is shortened

cardiac function may be compromised. there may be a decrease in coronary blood flow. less blood is pumped.

To ensure a rich blood supply to the brain, the __ arteries supply the head.

carotid and vertebral

Large arteries are called

conductance vessels.

The coronary veins carry blood to the

coronary sinus

Plasma elevations of CPK, AST, LDH, and troponin are indicative of

dead myocardial cells.

The percentage of end-diastolic volume (EDV) that is pumped and that indicates cardiac health is known as the

ejection fraction.

When the ventricles are quivering and unable to pump blood, the condition is known as

fibrillation.

Digoxin is a positive (+) inotropic agent and therefore

increases cardiac output.

Main vein that drains the brain

jugular

The tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia are

layers of the blood vessels.

Which step is next in the pathway of blood flow through the heart? Pulmonary artery to pulmonary arteries to pulmonary capillaries to pulmonary veins to

left atrium.

Abnormal heart sounds are

murmurs

Vagal nerve stimulation on the heart results in

no effect on the strength of myocardial contraction.

The iliac, femoral, and popliteal arteries

nourish the lower extremities.

In right-sided heart failure, you would not expect

orthopnea.

The umbilical vein carries

oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

Same as end-diastolic volume (EDV)

preload

During ventricular contraction, the AV valves close to

prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.

The purpose of the left heart is to

receive oxygenated blood and pump it to all organs of the body.

Artery that supplies the kidney

renal

Drains the kidney

renal

The AV valves close in response to

rising ventricular pressure during ventricular contraction.

Because of its (-) chronotropic effect on the heart, digoxin

should not be administered to anyone with a heart rate less than 60 beats/min.

The blood flow to the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and liver is referred as the

splanchnic circulation.

During ventricular systole

the ventricles contract and eject blood.

Cardiac impulse slows as it moves through the AV node into the bundle of His. The slowing down allows

time for the ventricles to fill during the atrial contraction.

The main vein of the body is the

vena cava.