A&P Test 1

The functional units of DNA that contain the instructions/provides the blue prints for making one or more proteins are - A) chromosomes. B) genes C) ribosomes. D) codons. E) RNA.

B) genes

What type of section would separate (1) the two eyes? (2) the nose and two ears? (3) the neck and naval? A) (1) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline); (2) transverse, or horizontal; (3) frontal B) (1) frontal; (2) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline); (3) transverse, or horizontal C) (1) frontal; (2) transverse, or horizontal; (3) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline) D) (1) transverse, or horizontal; (2) frontal; (3) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline) E) (1) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline); (2) frontal; (3) transverse, or horizontal

E) (1) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline); (2) frontal; (3) transverse, or horizontal

Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards?

Epidermis

Integral Protein

In the figure, which structure is water most likely to pass through?

In studying Surface Area (SA) and Volume (V), we note that human cells are efficient at exchanging molecules with their environment because they have A) A larger surface area (SA) to Volume (V) ratio B) A larger Volume (V) to surface area (SA) ratio C) A surface area (SA) = volume (V) D) Only surface area (SA) E) Only volume (V)

A) A larger surface area (SA) to Volume (V) ratio

What is the survival rate of a localized malignant melanoma that is detected and removed in the early stages of the cancer? A) Above 95% B) 75% C) 60% D) 40% E) less than 20%

A) Above 95%

"The Galen of Islam" who wrote The Canon of Medicine A) Avicenna (Ibn Sina) B) Maimonedes C) Descartes D) Claudius Galen E) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

A) Avicenna (Ibn Sina)

________ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system. A) Dendritic cells B) Basal cells C) Merkel cells D) Squamous cells E) Melanocytes

A) Dendritic cells

In the anatomical position, describe an anterior view and a posterior view. A) In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject's face, whereas a posterior view shows the subject's back B) In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject's back, whereas a posterior view shows the subject's face. C) In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject's left side, whereas a posterior view shows the subject's right side. D) In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject's right side, whereas a posterior view shows the subject's left side. E) In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject in cross-section, whereas a posterior view shows the subject in longitudinal section.

A) In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject's face, whereas a posterior view shows the subject's back

If the amount of chloride ion in blood plasma increases, which of the following would initially occur? A) The blood osmotic pressure will increase B) The blood osmotic pressure will decrease. C) The blood osmotic pressure will stay the same. D) The blood hydrostatic pressure will increase. E) The blood hydrostatic pressure will decrease.

A) The blood osmotic pressure will increase

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called A) active transport B) passive transport. C) facilitated transport. D) osmosis. E) diffusion.

A) active transport

Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through A) channels formed by integral proteins B) peripheral proteins. C) lipid channels. D) peripheral carbohydrates. E) defects in the lipid layer of the membrane.

A) channels formed by integral proteins

All of the following are true of the pigment melanin except that it A) decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun B) is usually some shade of brown or black. C) protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation. D) is released through melanosomes. E) is produced by cells called melanocytes.

A) decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun

Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the following except - A) hydrolysis of ATP B) the presence of the membrane channels. C) the charge of the substance. D) concentration gradient. E) lipid solubility.

A) hydrolysis of ATP

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce A) melanin B) keratin. C) carotene. D) perspiration. E) hemoglobin.

A) melanin

Breathing faster and deeper eliminates more carbon dioxide from the body than normal breathing. Under these circumstances, A) more carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood in the lungs B) more carbon dioxide will diffuse into the blood in the lungs. C) less carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood in the lungs. D) less carbon dioxide will diffuse into the blood in the lungs.

A) more carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood in the lungs

Ribosomes are composed of protein and A) rRNA B) mRNA. C) tRNA. D) DNA. E) mDNA.

A) rRNA

The principal cations in our body fluids are ________ and ________. A) sodium; potassium B) calcium; magnesium C) sodium; calcium D) chloride; bicarbonate E) sodium; chloride

A) sodium; potassium

Insensible perspiration takes place in the A) stratum corneum B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

A) stratum corneum

The tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the A) stratum corneum B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

A) stratum corneum

Describe a person in the anatomical position. A) A person in anatomical position is lying in the fetal position. B) A person in anatomical position is standing erect, facing the observer, arms at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet together C) A person in anatomical position is standing erect, facing the observer, arms are held out with the palms facing down, and the feet are shoulder-length apart. D) A person in anatomical position is lying on their back, arms are by their sides with palms facing down, and the feet together. E) A person in anatomical position is lying on their stomach, arms are held out with palms facing down, and the feet lay shoulder-length apart.

B) A person in anatomical position is standing erect, facing the observer, arms at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet together

Define cancer. A) An autoimmune disease due to attacking auto-antibodies on self-tissues. B) An illness characterized by cell cycle mutations that produce malignant cells C) A disease that is the result of an altered number of chromosomes in the somatic cells. D) A disease that occurs due to congenital malformations at birth. E) A metabolic disease that results in the dysregulation of carbohydrates and lipids in the body.

B) An illness characterized by cell cycle mutations that produce malignant cells

What is the purpose of anatomical term? A) Anatomical terms are used because they provide continuity between organs of humans and animals. B) Anatomical terms are used because they provide a standardized frame of reference for describing the human body C) Anatomical terms are used because they give hints about the function of the body part. D) Anatomical terms are used because all organs that perform the same function have the same anatomical term regardless of the organism. E) Anatomical terms are used because they are easier to spell and pronounce than the official standard terms.

B) Anatomical terms are used because they provide a standardized frame of reference for describing the human body

What is the purpose of directional and sectional terms? A) Directional and sectional terms are used because they provide continuity between organs of humans and animals. B) Directional and sectional terms are used because they provide a standardized frame of reference for describing the human body C) Directional and sectional terms are used because they give hints about the function of the body part. D) Directional and sectional terms are used because all organs that perform the same function have the same directional and sectional term regardless of the organism. E) Directional and sectional terms are used because they are easier to spell and pronounce than the anatomical terms.

B) Directional and sectional terms are used because they provide a standardized frame of reference for describing the human body

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that A) cells with large numbers of mitochondria are short-lived. B) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand C) cells with small numbers of mitochondria have a large ATP supply. D) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a low energy demand. E) some cells are older than others.

B) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand

All of the following are true of epidermal ridges except that they A) extend into the dermis. B) contain increased numbers of free nerve endings C) cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin. D) produce patterns that are determined genetically. E) interconnect with the dermal papillae.

B) contain increased numbers of free nerve endings

The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called A) osmosis. B) facilitated diffusion C) active transport. D) endocytosis. E) exocytosis.

B) facilitated diffusion

The skin swells and puckers during a long bath. This suggests that bath water is a(n) ________ fluid. A) isotonic B) hypotonic C) hypertonic D) diffusion E) toxic

B) hypotonic

The type of most cells that form the strata in the epidermis are A) adipocytes. B) keratinocytes C) fibroblasts. D) melanocytes. E) dendritic cells.

B) keratinocytes

Nuclear division in somatic cells is known as A) meiosis. B) mitosis C) cytokinesis. D) meiokinesis. E) mitokinesis.

B) mitosis

Each of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum except + A) synthesis of glycogen. B) modification of protein C) synthesis of steroid hormones. D) synthesis of triglycerides. E) synthesis of cholesterol.

B) modification of protein

Mitosis is to somatic cells as meiosis is to ________ cells. A) visceral B) reproductive C) plant D) sensory E) stem

B) reproductive

Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells? A) digestive enzymes B) steroid hormones C) protein hormones D) transport proteins E) antibodies

B) steroid hormones

From what layer of skin are melanosomes released? A) stratum coneum B) stratum basale C) papillary layer of dermis D) reticular layer of dermis E) hypodermis

B) stratum basale

If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant, A) the cells will shrink. B) the cells will swell C) the fluid outside of the cells will become isotonic. D) the fluid outside of the cells will become hypertonic. E) the cells will not change.

B) the cells will swell

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow. A) Melanin B) Chlorophyll C) Carotene D) Hemoglobin E) Bilirubin

C) Carotene

Contrast the descriptions used by clinicians and anatomists when referring to the positions of injuries or internal organs of the abdomen and pelvis. A) Clinicians base their descriptions on a person lying in a prone position, whereas anatomists use a person lying in a supine position. B) Clinicians base their descriptions on a person lying in a supine position, whereas anatomist use a person lying in a prone position. C) Clinicians base their descriptions on four abdominopelvic quadrants, whereas anatomists use nine abdominopelvic regions D) Clinicians base their descriptions on nine abdominopelvic regions, whereas anatomists use four abdominopelvic quadrants. E) Clinicians base their descriptions on superficial anatomical terms, whereas anatomists use regional anatomical terms.

C) Clinicians base their descriptions on four abdominopelvic quadrants, whereas anatomists use nine abdominopelvic regions

In what country was cadaver-based anatomy established as a discipline studied by medical professionals? A) England B) France C) Italy D) Australia E) China

C) Italy

Which of the following is a toxic chemical that is used in herbicides (plant killing chemicals) known to elicit an inflammatory response in human macrophages (blocks cortisol), that can easily damage, among others, esophageal, kidney and liver cells? A) Insulin B) Metformin C) Paraquat D) Cyanide

C) Paraquat

The genetically programmed death of cells is called A) differentiation. B) replication. C) apoptosis D) metastasis. E) mitosis

C) apoptosis

The two components of the integumentary system are the A) epidermis and dermis. B) cutaneous membrane and hypodermis. C) cutaneous membrane and accessory structures D) integument and hypodermis. E) epidermis and superficial fascia.

C) cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

The sugar (a pentose) in the nucleotide of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) A) glucose B) sucrose C) deoxyribose D) ribose E) fructose

C) deoxyribose

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of + A) osmosis. B) active transport. C) diffusion D) facilitated transport. E) filtration.

C) diffusion

Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into a(n) ________ solution. A) isotonic B) hypertonic C) hypotonic D) merotonic E) homotonic

C) hypotonic ( crenation result of hypertonic solutions )

The ________ in keratinocytes protects the epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight. A) sebum B) hemoglobin C) melanin D) carotene E) keratin

C) melanin *

) Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the A) ribosomes. B) rough ER. C) smooth ER D) Golgi apparatus. E) mitochondria.

C) smooth ER

The layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis is the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

C) stratum basale

Identify the cell from which all the cells of your body are descendants. A) the sperm cell B) the oocyte C) the fertilized ovum D) the amnion E) the trophoblast

C) the fertilized ovum

During mitosis, two daughter cells form, each of which has A) a different number of chromosomes than the original cell. B) twice as many chromosomes as the original cell. C) the same number of chromosomes as the original cell D) a lesser number of chromosomes than the original cell. E) half as many chromosomes as the original cell.

C) the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

Identify the body cavities of the trunk. A) cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity B) anterior cavity (which contains the peritoneal cavity) and the posterior cavity (which contains the retroperitoneal cavity) C) thoracic cavity (which contains the pleural and pericardial cavities) and the abdominopelvic cavity (consisting of the peritoneal, abdominal, and pelvic cavities) D) thoracic cavity (which contains the peritoneal, abdominal, and pelvic cavities) and the abdominopelvic cavity (consisting of the pleural and pericardial cavities) E) superior cavity and inferior cavity

C) thoracic cavity (which contains the pleural and pericardial cavities) and the abdominopelvic cavity (consisting of the peritoneal, abdominal, and pelvic cavities)

The epidermis in the thin skin contains ________ layer(s) and in the thick skin contains ________ layers. A) 1; 2 B) 2; 3 C) 3; 4 D) 4; 5 E) 5; 6

D) 4; 5

What is a gene? A) A gene is a sequence of three nitrogenous bases along a DNA strand. B) A gene is a polypeptide formed by linked amino acids. C) A gene is a sequence of three nitrogenous bases along an RNA strand. D) A gene is a portion of a DNA strand that functions as a hereditary unit and codes for a specific protein E) A gene is the sequence of tRNAs needed to form a polypeptide.

D) A gene is a portion of a DNA strand that functions as a hereditary unit and codes for a specific protein

Which of the following is known to block the use of oxygen by cells and, thus, block ATP production? A) Insulin B) Metformin C) Paraquat D) Cyanide E) Antibiotics

D) Cyanide

Define the word eponym. A) Eponym is a term denoting an anatomical structure or clinical condition in humans that is identical to another anatomical structure or clinical condition in animals. B) Eponym is a term used to describe multiple diseases caused by the same pathology. C) Eponym is a term denoting structures in the body that share the same names. D) Eponym is a term denoting an anatomical structure or clinical condition that is named after a person E) Eponym is a term denoting the study of anatomy by dissection of cadavers.

D) Eponym is a term denoting an anatomical structure or clinical condition that is named after a person *

Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is false? A) It supports organelles. B) It controls cell shape. C) It provides cell strength. D) It is made of cytobones E) It moves organelles.

D) It is made of cytobones

During digestion, the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the stomach contents increases to many times that in cells lining the stomach. Which transport process could be responsible? A) osmosis B) simple diffusion C) facilitated diffusion D) active transport E) exocytosis

D) active transport

What do lysosomes contain? A) metabolic enzymes that produce energy for the cell B) genetic blueprint for the cell C) ribosomes for protein production D) digestive enzymes E) actin proteins

D) digestive enzymes

List the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis. A) codon RNA, anticodon RNA, and histone RNA B) carrier RNA, channel RNA, and transcript RNA C) enzymatic RNA, carrier RNA, and coding RNA D) messenger RNA (m-RNA), transfer RNA (t-RNA), and ribosomal RNA (r-RNA) E) immature RNA, elongating RNA, and template RNA

D) messenger RNA (m-RNA), transfer RNA (t-RNA), and ribosomal RNA (r-RNA)

Cyanosis signifies that a patient has A) had too much sun. B) been kept out of the sun. C) an allergic reaction. D) oxygen-starved skin E) been exposed to cyanide.

D) oxygen-starved skin

In the experiment with the cubes, the pinkish/magenta colored chemical used as a type of stain to help us visualize the movement of molecules into the system/cube A) hydrochloric acid B) vinegar C) water D) phenolphthalein E) sodium hydroxide

D) phenolphthalein

A massage therapist often begins a massage by asking clients to lie face down with their arms at their sides. Which anatomical term describes that position? A) anterior B) posterior C) supine D) prone E) medial

D) prone

The sugar (a pentose) in the nucleotide of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) A) glucose B) sucrose C) deoxyribose D) ribose E) fructose

D) ribose

In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an exchange pump ejects ________ ions from the cell and imports ________ ions. A) potassium; calcium B) sodium; calcium C) potassium; sodium D) sodium; potassium E) calcium; sodium

D) sodium; potassium

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except A) protection of underlying tissue. B) excretion of salts and wastes. C) maintenance of body temperature. D) synthesis of vitamin C E) provision of sensation.

D) synthesis of vitamin C

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except A) hair follicles. B) sebaceous glands. C) sweat glands. D) the epidermis E) lamellar corpuscles.

D) the epidermis

An intradermal injection is administered into which layer?

Dermis

Which layer contains most of the accessory organs?

Dermis

While walking barefoot on the beach, you, unfortunately, step on a thorn that penetrates throughthe sole of your foot to the dermis (ouch!!). How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

E) 5

A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. Thus, it A) can repair itself readily. B) is malformed. C) can only divide once more. D) will be a long-lived cell. E) cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months

E) cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months

The keratinocytes are tightly connected with each other by A) keratin. B) prekeratin. C) collagen fibers. D) elastic fibers. E) desmosomes

E) desmosomes

All of the following are characteristics of the epidermis except that it A) is multilayered. B) is flexible. C) is self-repairing. D) serves as UV radiation protection. E) is vascularized

E) is vascularized

Transfer of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytosol occurs through A) tRNA. B) DNA. C) endocytosis. D) exocytosis. E) nuclear pores

E) nuclear pores

If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened? A) vertebral cavity B) pleural portion of the thoracic cavity C) pericardial portion of the thoracic cavity D) pelvic portion of the abdominopelvic cavity E) peritoneal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

E) peritoneal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

In which layer of skin are keratinocytes produced? A) dermis B) subcutaneous layer C) stratum spinosum D) stratum corneum E) stratum basale

E) stratum basale

Which is considered the basic unit of life on earth? A) an atom B) a molecule C) a tissue D) a water molecule E) the cell

E) the cell

B) PET Scan

The following image is an example of A) Sonography B) PET Scan C) MRI D) CT Scan E) Radiography

Which molecule is a combination of a sugar and a lipid in cell membrane?

phospholipid