A&P Unit 5 exam

Salivary amylase is an enzyme secreted into the oral cavity to start the digestion of proteins carbohydrates lipids amino acids nucleic acids

carbohydrates

Which of the following statements about large lymphatic vessels is TRUE? closely resemble arteries closely resemble arterioles closely resemble veins have less valves than veins more than one of the statements are correct

closely resemble veins

Macrophages develop from circulating blood cells called lymphocytes monocytes neutrophils basophils eosinophils

monocytes

Which of the following includes all the components of gastric juice? hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen mucus and enzymes mucus, intrinsic factor, hydrochloric acid, and pepsinogen mucus, hydrochloric acid, and enzymes

mucus, intrinsic factor, hydrochloric acid, and pepsinogen

The layer of the GI tract wall containing networks of enteric neurons that control the secretory activity of the GI tract is called the mucosal epithelium submucosa muscularis mucosa serosa lamina propria

muscularis mucosa

Mother's milk will provide the infant with naturally acquired active immunity. naturally acquired passive immunity. artificially acquired active immunity. artificially acquired passive immunity. lifelong immunity.

naturally acquired passive immunity.

What provides protection from invasion of foreign pathogens?

nose hair, mucus, lysozyme, skin

These specialized cells ingest microorganisms and cellular debris. phagocytes hepatocytes transferrins antibodies plasma cells

phagocytes

Antibodies are produced by cytotoxic cells helper cells plasma cells interstitial cells

plasma cells

What comprises lymph?

plasma, water, electrolytes, WBC

The spleen is unique among the lymphatic organs because it stores T cells B cells platelets antibodies memory cells

platelets

Pepsin is an enzyme that catalyzes the digestion of proteins lipids nucleic acids disaccharides

proteins

Which is not a function of the spleen? phagocytosis of pathogens storage of platelets red blood cell production in adults removal of defective red blood cells

red blood cell production in adults

What characteristics aid in return of lymph through lymph vessels?

respiratory pump, valve, skeletal muscle

What duct drains 25%?

right lymphatic duct

When empty, the mucosa of the stomach contains large folds called gastric pits gastric glands rugae peritoneum plicae

rugae

All of the following are characteristics of saliva EXCEPT composed of 99.5% water. contains an enzyme that initiates chemical digestion of starches. contains mucus that helps lubricate food for swallowing. contains an enzyme that kills bacteria. secreted by endocrine glands found along the lingual frenulum.

secreted by endocrine glands found along the lingual frenulum

The tongue is primarily composed of smooth muscle skeletal muscle loose connective tissue glandular tissue none of the choices is correct

skeletal muscle

The major events of chemical digestion and absorption of foods occur in the oral cavity esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine

small intestine

Which of the following is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue found in the human body? tonsils spleen lymph nodes bone marrow lymphatic nodule

spleen

Which of the following organs does not release substances into the duodenum? stomach spleen gall bladder pancreas liver

spleen

Which of the following organs is NOT an accessory structure of the digestive system? liver gallbladder pancreas spleen teeth

spleen

Worn-out and damaged red blood cells are destroyed in the thymus gland tonsils spleen lymph nodes lymphatic vessels

spleen

Your answer is correct. The digestion of proteins into peptides starts in the oral cavity esophagus stomach duodenum ileum

stomach

The layer of the GI tract wall containing a large number of blood and lymphatic vessels that receive absorbed food molecules is called the muscularis mucosa mucosa submucosa serosa muscularis

submucosa

After a splenectomy, the normal functions of the spleen are carried out by the thymus gland lymph nodes the liver red bone marrow the liver and red bone marrow

the liver and red bone marrow

The main lymph collecting duct of the lymphatic system is called the ___. lymphatic vessel cisterna chyli right lymphatic duct thoracic duct Peyer's patch

thoracic duct

Which of the following lymphatic tissues is the site of T-cell maturation and selection? liver spleen tonsils thymus gland lymph nodes

thymus gland

A primary role of the thymus is ___ while a primary role of lymph nodes is ___. to filter lymph, to form tonsils to aid in the maturation of T cells, to filter lymph to produce lymph, to filter lymph to aid in the maturation of T cells, to produce lymph

to aid in the maturation of T cells, to filter lymph

What lymphatic tissue is in the nasal & oral cavities and the throat?

tonsils

Lymphatic flow moves _____ and controlled by skeletal muscle and respiratory action. unidirectionally bidirectionally away from the heart all of these

unidirectionally

What are stem cells?

unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop

Which structure in the roof of the mouth prevents the movement of food into the nasal cavity during swallowing? cheeks hard palate uvula palatine tonsils

uvula

Your answer is correct. The projection hanging from the soft palate that helps prevent food and fluid from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing is the papilla uvula lingual frenulum fauces lingual tonsil

uvula

All the following vitamins are transported from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood by the lymphatic system EXCEPT vitamin A vitamin C vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K

vitamin C

What substance is absorbed by the stomach? carbohydrate protein lipid water

water

All of the following are important components of the lymphatic system EXCEPT lymph. lymphatic vessels red bone marrow yellow bone marrow lymph nodules

yellow bone marrow

Which of the following hormones regulate the activities of the gonads? FSH LH hGH CRH FSH and LH

FSH and LH

What duct drains 75%?

Thoracic

Where do T cells mature?

Thymus

Teeth, tongue, and saliva work together to form food into a soft, flexible, easily swallowed mass called a bolus pulp a masseter chyme

a bolus

A bolus is a soft, flexible food mass which is swallowed. the fluid released by salivary glands. a connective tissue component of teeth. another term for palatine tonsil.

a soft, flexible food mass which is swallowed.

Anaphylactic shock results from vasodilation of blood vessels, along with fluid loss from the blood, triggered by a type I allergic reaction. a type II allergic reaction. a type III allergic reaction. a type IV allergic reaction. Hodgkin disease.

a type I allergic reaction.

Which is not a function of the liver? activating steroid hormones maintaining normal blood glucose levels metabolizing lipids storing vitamins

activating steroid hormones

Which of the following can be absorbed in the stomach? proteins carbohydrates alcohol triglycerides

alcohol

The exocrine portion of the pancreas consists of acini. secretes several different enzymes to digest nutrient molecules in food. secretes bicarbonate that helps neutralize gastric acid in the chyme. connects to the GI tract by the pancreatic duct. all of the choices are correct.

all of the choice are correct

Common functions of the lymphatic system include transportation of lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood. return of filtered plasma proteins to the cardiovascular system. return of excess interstitial fluid to the cardiovascular system. carrying out immune responses. all of the choices are correct.

all of the choices are correct

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped organs. located along lymphatic vessels. used to filter foreign substances out of the lymph. scattered throughout the body. all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

The large intestine absorbs water sodium chloride vitamins all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

Which of the following is involved in digestion? water bile bicarbonate all of these

all of these

Feces are formed in the large intestine by the absorption of large amounts of water. activity of bacteria. sloughing of epithelial cells from the mucosa. all of these activities

all of these activities

The skin and mucous membranes protect a person from disease by the production of sebum. trapping microbes. the release of lysozyme. all of these choices.

all of these choices

Which of the following organs does NOT contain fixed macrophages? lungs brain liver spleen all of these organs contain fixed macrophages

all of these organs contain fixed macrophages

Any substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign is called a(n) antibody. antigen. immunoglobulin. opsonin. cytokine.

antigen

Pathogens that have not invaded a normal body cell may be consumed by a defensive cell, which adds the foreign antigen to its major histocompatibility complex to stimulate helper T cells to increase our defenses. These cells that expose the antigen to helper cells are known as identifier cells macrophages pathogenic exposing cells antigen presenting cells

antigen presenting cells

Vaccination is an example of naturally acquired active immunity. naturally acquired passive immunity. artificially acquired active immunity. artificially acquired passive immunity. none of the choices is correct.

artificially acquired active immunity.

Our primary defense against invasion of pathogens into the body is by defensive cells such as macrophages and phagocytes barriers such as skin and mucous membranes white blood cells in constant circulation in case invasion occurs T and B lymphocytes which can be activated to recognize specific invaders

barriers such as skin and mucous membranes

Where do B cells mature?

bone marrow

How are lymph vessels similar to veins?

both are one cell thick with valves epithelial cell walls one way flow low pressure

What is the general effect on B lymphocytes when Helper T cells produce interleukins? B lymphocyte plasma cells clone themselves to increase production of antibodies B lymphocytes become cytotoxic cells to attack invaders B lymphocytes produce toxins to kill invaders B lymphocytes become deactivated so they do not attack normal body tissue

B lymphocyte plasma cells clone themselves to increase production of antibodies

Which of the following blood cells are capable of producing antibodies? T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes monocytes phagocytes erythrocytes

B-lymphocytes

Which of the following is an intestinal hormone that is released during the intestinal phase of digestion and stimulates the contraction of the gall bladder leading to the flow of bile into the duodenum? GIP CCK secretin gastrin bilirubin

CCK

Which would not describe the adrenal cortex? Secretes three different types of steroid hormones. Produces hormones that regulate Na+ and K+ levels. Considered the innermost region of the adrenal gland. Produces hormones that help regulate glucose levels.

Considered the innermost region of the adrenal gland.

The main class of antibody that is secreted by plasma cells immediately after the initial exposure to any antigen is IgA IgG IgE IgD IgM

IgM

Which statement does not describe lymph? Lymph contains more plasma proteins than blood. Lymph is interstitial fluid that has entered lymphatic vessels. Lymph helps maintain the body's fluid balance. Lymph can contain dietary lipids.

Lymph contains more plasma proteins than blood.

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? Promotion of disease resistance. Transportation of dietary lipids. Drainage of excess interstitial fluid. Production of erythrocytes.

Production of erythrocytes.

How does a secondary response to an antigen differ from a primary response? Secondary responses produce larger quantities of antibodies. Secondary responses do not require memory cells. Secondary responses can occur without exposure to the antigen. Secondary responses take longer but are much more effective.

Secondary responses produce larger quantities of antibodies.

Which of following cells are targeted by HIV? T-helper cells Macrophages Neutrophils B-cells Cytotoxic T-cells

T-helper cells

The pituitary gland is actually considered two glands because it is attached to the hypothalamus. secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands. consists of two lobes which secrete different hormones. produces human growth hormone.

consists of two lobes which secrete different hormones

All of the following are components of the second line of innate defenses EXCEPT phagocytes cytotoxic T cells antimicrobial proteins inflammation fever

cytotoxic T cells

In cell-mediated immunity, infected host cells are directly attacked by helper T cells macrophages antibodies cytotoxic T cells B cells

cytotoxic T cells

Which choice represents the correct sequence of antigen processing by antigen-presenting cells after ingestion has occurred? digestion of antigen into fragments; fusion of vesicles containing antigen fragments and MHC molecules; synthesis and packaging of MHC molecules into a vesicle; insertion of antigen-MHC complex into plasma membrane; binding of fragment to MHC molecules synthesis and packaging of MHC molecules into a vesicle; fusion of vesicles containing antigen fragments and MHC molecules; binding of fragment to MHC molecules; insertion of antigen-MHC complex into plasma membrane; digestion of antigen into fragments digestion of antigen into fragments; synthesis and packaging of MHC molecules into a vesicle; fusion of vesicles containing antigen fragments and MHC molecules; binding of fragment to MHC molecules; insertion of antigen-MHC complex into plasma membrane digestion of antigen into fragments; synthesis and packaging of MHC molecules into a vesicle; binding of fragment to MHC molecules; fusion of vesicles containing antigen fragments and MHC molecules; insertion of antigen-MHC complex into plasma membrane

digestion of antigen into fragments; synthesis and packaging of MHC molecules into a vesicle; fusion of vesicles containing antigen fragments and MHC molecules; binding of fragment to MHC molecules; insertion of antigen-MHC complex into plasma membrane

Chyme is released from the stomach into the duodenum esophagus jejunum ileum cecum

duodenum

The function of bile is to break down worn-out red blood cells. emulsify lipids. activate pancreatic enzymes. process hormones in the liver.

emulsify lipids.

The suffix -ase is used to identify salts. acids. reaction products. enzymes.

enzymes

Which hormone increases the rate of red blood cell production? erythropoietin thymosin secretin atrial natriuretic peptide leptin

erythropoietin

Which of the following organs is part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract? gallbladder esophagus pancreas liver

esophagus

What is a lymph node?

excess tissue fluid carried by lymphatic vessels

Bile is primarily involved in carbohydrate digestion. fat digestion. protein digestion. all of these.

fat digestion

One important function of lymph nodes is to filter the blood. program T cells to recognize antigens. filter foreign substances out of the lymph. pump lymph through the vessels back to the heart. remove old red blood cells from circulation.

filter foreign substances out of the lymph

What is the function of lymph nodes?

filter lymph

What are the functions of lymphatic system?

fluid balance transportation immunity

Which of the following organs stores bile? spleen stomach gallbladder pancreas small intestine

gallbladder

Low blood glucose stimulates alpha cells in the pancreatic islets to secrete insulin. glucagon. glycogen. secretin. gastrin.

glucagon

Which of the following types of cells release a costimulator needed for the conversion of B cells into antibody-producing plasma cells? suppressor T cells cytotoxic T cells helper T cells natural killer cells delayed hypersensitivity cells

helper T cells

Most substances absorbed into the blood in the small intestine are carried to the liver by the hepatic artery hepatic vein hepatic portal vein common hepatic duct central vein

hepatic portal vein

Anterior pituitary hormone secretions are controlled by hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones. positive feedback mechanisms. the posterior pituitary. nerve impulses from the hypothalamus.

hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones.

The small intestine is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ___. sigmoid fundus ileum pylorus cecum

ileum

Tonsils function in filtering lymph. the production and maturation of T cells. the development of B cells into plasma cells. immune responses against inhaled or ingested foreign substances.

immune responses against inhaled or ingested foreign substances.

Chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting into food are called incisors cuspids premolars molars none of the choices is correct

incisors

The first line of innate defenses against pathogens is phagocytosis production of antibodies inflammation intact skin and mucous membranes complement

intact skin and mucous membranes

Antibody-mediated immune responses require B cells to seek out and destroy foreign antigens. involve the production of antibodies by plasma cells. work independently of cell-mediated immune responses. do not normally produce memory cells.

involve the production of antibodies by plasma cells.

The thoracic duct returns lymph from the _____ side of the body to the _____ subclavian vein. left, left right, right left, right none of these

left, left

Storage of glycogen, vitamins (A, D, E, K), and minerals (iron and copper), along with detoxification of chemicals like ammonia, are functions of the colon pancreas liver stomach spleen

liver

The ___ is NOT considered part of the gastrointestinal tract. esophagus liver stomach large intestine

liver

Afferent lymphatic vessels carry lymph into the tonsils spleen lymphatic nodules lymph nodes thymus gland

lymph nodes

Lymph is initially collected from the tissues by the lymphatic nodules lymph nodes tonsils lymphatic capillaries afferent lymphatic vessels

lymphatic capillaries

The cells that are most important in preventing a disease from recurring are memory T cells helper T cells plasma cells suppressor T cells natural killer cells

memory T cells

The portion of peritoneum that anchors the small intestines to the posterior abdominal wall is called the greater omentum mesentery lesser omentum pleura pyloric sphincter

mesentery