A&P2: Exam 5- Urology/Dermatology

15.The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the A. stratum basale and stratum spinosum. B. stratum corneum and stratum lucidum. C. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum. D. stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum. E. stratum basale and stratum corneum.

???A.stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

97.Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased A. ADH production. B. insulin production. C. aldosterone production. D. angiotensin II production. E. glucagon production.

A.ADH production.

23.Which of the following statements regarding melanin is true? A. During pregnancy melanin production is increased. B. Both melanocytes and keratinocytes produce melanin. C. In Addison's disease, less melanin is produced. D. Men produce more melanin than women. E. Melanin is a white pigment.

A.During pregnancy melanin production is increased.

32.All of the following statements concerning hair are true except one. Identify the exception. A. The growth rate of all types of hair is the same. B. Hair growth occurs in cycles with growth and resting stages. C. In pattern baldness, those hair follicles present begin to produce vellus hair. D. Some loss of hair is normal and indicates old hairs are being pushed out by new hairs. E. Genetic factors and testosterone cause pattern baldness.

A.The growth rate of all types of hair is the same.

36.Sweat glands A. aid in cooling the body. B. serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles. C. produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin. D. produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria. E. are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature.

A.aid in cooling the body.

26.A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will A. become pale. B. have a reddish hue. C. develop a yellow tint. D. become bright red. E. not change color.

A.become pale.

47.By reducing body temperature during hot weather, skin helps to maintain A. body temperature homeostasis. B. body structure. C. blood volume. D. brain activity. E. blood pH.

A.body temperature homeostasis.

8.Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the A. dermis. B. epidermis. C. melanocytes. D. stratum corneum. E. hypodermis.

A.dermis.

64.Which of the following structures is a capillary? A. glomerulus B. loop of Henle C. collecting duct D. Bowman's capsule E. proximal convoluted tubule

A.glomerulus

65.An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the A. glomerulus. B. renal artery. C. macula densa. D. efferent arteriole. E. arcuate artery.

A.glomerulus.

61.The juxtamedullary nephrons A. have long loops of Henle. B. are found next to the renal capsule. C. comprise 85% of all nephrons. D. have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla. E. have short loops of Henle.

A.have long loops of Henle.

81.In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases allowing blood cells to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe? A. hematuria B. anuria - no urine production C. necrosis of the renal corpuscle D. low protein levels in the filtrate E. no change in the filtrate

A.hematuria- increase in filtration volume

55.Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the A. hilum. B. renal fascia. C. renal pelvis. D. renal capsule. E. renal pyramid.

A.hilum.

105.Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be A. increased urine output. B. decreased aldosterone production. C. decreased osmolality of the filtrate. D. increased osmolality of the urine. E. decreased urine volume.

A.increased urine output.

109.Voluntary micturition A. involves higher brain centers. B. involves control of the internal sphincter. C. is a reflex action. D. is common in infants. E. involves control of smooth muscle.

A.involves higher brain centers.

41.Intact skin provides protection because A. it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes. B. its secretions keep the skin slightly alkaline. C. the skin contains components of the excretory system. D. the skin enhances water loss from the body. E. macrophages roam in the epidermis.

A.it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes.

78.What percent of filtrate becomes urine? A. less than 1% B. 5% C. 10% D. 80% E. 90%

A.less than 1%

60.The structural and functional units of the kidney are called A. nephrons. B. renal papillae. C. renal pyramids. D. renal columns. E. renal tubes.

A.nephrons.

75.Formation of filtrate depends on a A. pressure gradient. B. concentration gradient. C. volume gradient. D. temperature gradient. E. osmotic gradient.

A.pressure gradient.

82.Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the A. proximal convoluted tubule. B. descending loop of Henle. C. ascending loop of Henle. D. distal convolute tubule. E. collecting duct.

A.proximal convoluted tubule.

112.Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla? A. pyelonephritis B. acute glomerular nephritis C. chronic glomerular nephritis D. acute renal failure E. chronic renal failure

A.pyelonephritis

100.The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes A. renin. B. ADH. C. oxytocin. D. aldosterone. E. angiotensin.

A.renin.

5.Adipose tissue in the hypodermis A. serves as a storage site for fat, which can be used for energy. B. helps to lower body temperature. C. provides protection against infection. D. is absent in infants. E. connects the dermis with the epidermis.

A.serves as a storage site for fat, which can be used for energy.

72.The urinary bladder A. stores urine until it is voided. B. empties to the exterior via the ureters. C. contains a muscle called the trigone. D. is superior to the kidney. E. filters urine.

A.stores urine until it is voided.

12.The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the A. stratum basale. B. stratum granulosum. C. stratum lucidum. D. stratum corneum. E. stratum dermum.

A.stratum basale.

40.The nail proper is composed of the A. stratum corneum. B. stratum lucidum. C. stratum germinativum. D. stratum spinosum. E. All of these choices are correct.

A.stratum corneum.

28.At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called A. terminal hairs. B. primary hairs. C. lanugo hairs. D. vellus hairs. E. pubic hairs.

A.terminal hairs.

19.Skin color is the result of A. the quantity of melanin in the skin. B. the number of keratinocytes in the skin. C. the amount of fat in the hypodermis. D. the thickness of the stratum basale. E. the number of melanocytes in the skin.

A.the quantity of melanin in the skin.

51.Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney? A. urine storage B. excretion of waste C. maintenance of fluid balance D. regulate synthesis of vitamin D E. regulate synthesis of RBCs

A.urine storage

33.When the arrector pili muscles contract A. the body is able to lose heat. B. "goose bumps" form on the skin. C. the hair on your arms and legs begins to curl. D. the sweat glands empty their contents onto the surface of the skin. E. no change is noted on the skin surface.

B."goose bumps" form on the skin.

53.Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: 1) ureter 2) renal pelvis 3) calyx 4) urinary bladder 5) urethra A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 C. 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 D. 3, 4, 1, 2, 5 E. 1, 3, 2, 4, 5

B.3, 2, 1, 4, 5

87.The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when A. colloid osmotic pressure increases. B. ADH production increases. C. plasma osmolality decreases. D. aldosterone production decreases. E. ADH production decreases.

B.ADH production increases.

4.Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false? A. Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue. B. Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers. C. The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages. D. The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle. E. The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.

B.Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.

59.The tip of each renal pyramid is called A. a nephron. B. a renal papilla. C. a renal column. D. a medullary ray. E. the apex.

B.a renal papilla.

98.Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause A. a decrease in urine volume. B. an increase in urine volume. C. no change in urine volume.

B.an increase in urine volume.

46.Due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels, A. the blood vessels become dilated. B. body heat is conserved. C. more blood enters into the heart. D. body temperature tends to drop in that area. E. more blood flows to the skin.

B.body heat is conserved.

69.Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the A. loop of Henle. B. collecting duct. C. distal convoluted tubule. D. proximal convoluted tubule. E. Bowman's capsule.

B.collecting duct.

92.The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical A. active transport system. B. countercurrent system. C. cotransport system. D. sorting system. E. toy.

B.countercurrent system.

99.A 15% increase in blood pressure would result in which of the following changes in ADH secretion? A. increased secretion B. decreased secretion C. no change in secretion

B.decreased secretion

90.Urea is A. secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule. B. diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle. C. completely reabsorbed by the nephron. D. actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct. E. None of these choices is correct.

B.diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle.

43.On coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results from A. constriction of the blood vessels in the epidermis of the cheeks. B. dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks. C. damage to the epidermis by the cold. D. constriction of the sweat glands in the cheeks. E. increased permeability of superficial vessels.

B.dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks.

3.The layer of epithelium that covers the skin is called the A. dermis. B. epidermis. C. hypodermis. D. mesodermis. E. papillary layer.

B.epidermis.

71.Choose the one that does not belong. A. loop of Henle B. glomerulus C. distal convoluted tubule D. proximal convoluted tubule E. Bowman's capsule

B.glomerulus

62.The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the A. vasa recta. B. glomerulus. C. peritubular capillary. D. proximal convoluted capillary. E. efferent arteriole.

B.glomerulus.

18.Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints A. are associated with thin skin. B. improve the grip of the hands. C. decrease friction on surfaces where they are located. D. are caused by the pattern of the reticular layer of the dermis. E. tend to make the surface smooth.

B.improve the grip of the hands.

35.The activity of apocrine sweat glands A. produces cerumen. B. leads to body odor. C. gives the skin a healthy glow. D. produces sweat on the palm of the hand. E. produces an oily secretion.

B.leads to body odor.

57.The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the A. cortex. B. medulla. C. pelvis. D. calyx. E. columns.

B.medulla.

107.Decreased plasma clearance can indicate A. hypertension. B. renal failure. C. decreased ADH secretion. D. decreased aldosterone secretion. E. fluid balance.

B.renal failure.

56.The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the A. hilum. B. renal pelvis. C. renal capsule. D. renal pyramid. E. renal corpuscle.

B.renal pelvis.

37.Skin glands do not include A. sebaceous glands. B. salivary glands. C. ceruminous glands. D. mammary glands. E. sweat glands.

B.salivary glands.

45.Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. His was what type of burn? A. first degree B. second degree C. third degree D. fourth degree E. fifth degree

B.second degree

102.Angiotensin II A. is a potent vasodilator. B. stimulates aldosterone secretion. C. is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin. D. acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water. E. decreases blood pressure.

B.stimulates aldosterone secretion.

16.Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial? A. stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum B. stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum C. stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum D. stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum E. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

B.stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

63.The renal corpuscle consists of A. the renal pelvis and the renal tubules. B. the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. C. Bowman's capsule and the renal pelvis. D. the proximal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus. E. afferent and efferent arteriole.

B.the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

68.Which of the following is between the proximal and distal tubules? A. the glomerulus B. the loop of Henle C. the distal convoluted tubule D. the proximal convoluted tubule E. collecting duct

B.the loop of Henle

83.The proximal convoluted tubule is A. lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli. B. the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption. C. permeable to water if ADH is present. D. impermeable to water. E. the site of water secretion.

B.the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption.

52.Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the A. urethra. B. ureter. C. calyces. D. renal columns. E. renal tubules.

B.ureter.

96.Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in A. potassium. B. water content. C. glucose content. D. bicarbonate content. E. hydrogen ions.

B.water content.

48.Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging? A. Skin becomes thicker. B. There is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin. C. Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin. D. Localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin. E. The amount of collagen in the dermis increases.

C.Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin.

9.Keloid scars are raised, thick, and irregular in appearance. A possible cause of keloid scarring is an incision made across the A. epidermis. B. stratum spinosum. C. cleavage lines of the dermis. D. hypodermis. E. stratum corneum.

C.cleavage lines of the dermis.

2.The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is A. protection from cancer. B. production of Vitamin E. C. detection of painful stimuli. D. regulation of acid-base balance. E. prevention of albinism.

C.detection of painful stimuli.

95.Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH. This causes increased water reabsorption in the A. proximal convoluted tubule. B. loop of Henle. C. distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. D. calyces. E. urethra.

C.distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.

104.Aldosterone targets cells in the A. proximal convoluted tubule. B. loop of Henle. C. distal convoluted tubule. D. glomerulus. E. collecting duct.

C.distal convoluted tubule.

66.The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the A. glomerulus. B. ascending loop of Henle. C. distal convoluted tubule. D. proximal convoluted tubule. E. descending loop of Henle.

C.distal convoluted tubule.

49.With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly A. no longer experience hot flashes at night. B. exhibit a decrease in melanin production. C. experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer. D. have less blood flowing to the skin. E. have an increase in desquamation.

C.experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer.

73.Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the A. trigone. B. lamina propria. C. external urinary sphincter. D. internal urinary sphincter. E. involuntary portion of bladder control.

C.external urinary sphincter.

77.The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the A. renal fraction. B. filtration fraction. C. glomerular filtration rate. D. clearance fraction. E. renal rate.

C.glomerular filtration rate.

30.The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the A. hair bulb. B. hair root. C. hair shaft. D. hair follicle. E. dermal papilla.

C.hair shaft.

106.Consumption of alcohol increases urine production by A. decreasing the blood pressure. B. causing retention of sodium ions. C. inhibiting the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary. D. stimulating the release of aldosterone from the adrenals. E. stimulating the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary.

C.inhibiting the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary.

22.Melanin A. is transferred to other cells by osmosis. B. is increased with exposure to infrared light. C. is absent in individuals known as albinos. D. is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum. E. makes the skin lighter.

C.is absent in individuals known as albinos.

27.Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called A. terminal hairs. B. primary hairs. C. lanugo hairs. D. vellus hairs. E. secondary hairs.

C.lanugo hairs.

42.An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following? A. fluid retention by the kidney B. increased melanin production C. portal of entry for microorganisms D. loss of cell regeneration ability E. irreversible damage to the epidermis

C.portal of entry for microorganisms

103.Increased aldosterone causes increased A. urine volume. B. sodium secretion. C. potassium secretion. D. reabsorption of hydrogen ions. E. filtrate formation.

C.potassium secretion.

14.Keratinization A. occurs in the dermis. B. results in the formation of new epidermal cells. C. produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion. D. determines skin color. E. does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis.

C.produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion.

79.Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate. A. urea B. water C. protein D. sodium ions E. Glucose

C.protein

58.Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the A. calyx tissue. B. renal papillae. C. renal columns. D. medullary rays. E. renal corpuscles.

C.renal columns.

54.The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the A. hilum. B. renal fascia. C. renal fat pad. D. renal capsule. E. renal cortex.

C.renal fat pad.

76.The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular A. filtration. B. reabsorption. C. secretion. D. elimination. E. excretion.

C.secretion.

38.The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the A. stratum corneum. B. stratum lucidum. C. stratum germinativum. D. stratum spinosum. E. stratum lunula.

C.stratum germinativum....stratum basale

101.The kidneys produce renin when A. the urine becomes acidic. B. the peritubular capillaries dilate. C. the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases. D. sodium chloride concentration in the distal tubule increases. E. the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases.

C.the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases.

7.When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, A. the dermis has more fat cells than the hypodermis. B. the dermis is a more vascular tissue than the hypodermis. C. the dermis is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not. D. the dermis contains melanocytes; the hypodermis does not. E. the dermis and the hypodermis do not contain collagen.

C.the dermis is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.

44.Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V. light, but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is, A. they do not need vitamin D. B. their exposure to U.V. light in the summer will last for a year. C. they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals. D. they do not require sunlight for vitamin D formation. E. their bodies produce vitamin D another way.

C.they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals.

70.Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. 1) loop of Henle 2) Bowman's capsule 3) distal convoluted tubule 4) proximal convoluted tubule A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 4, 2, 1, 3 C. 2, 4, 3, 1 D. 2, 4, 1, 3 E. 3, 4, 1, 2

D.2, 4, 1, 3

29.Which of the following statements is true? A. In males the hairs of the beard are vellus hairs. B. Both vellus and terminal hairs are pigmented. C. The majority of hair on the chest is vellus hair. D. At puberty much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair. E. Hair in the axillary region is vellus hair after puberty.

D.At puberty much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair.

34.Which of the following statements is false? A. Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle. B. Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria. C. Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin. D. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands. E. Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble.

D.Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.

11.Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true? A. The dermis is superficial to the epidermis. B. The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels. C. The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes. D. The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis. E. The epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules.

D.The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.

13.The stratum basale A. is easily shed when you rub your hands together. B. has a mixture of living and dead cells - mostly dead. C. contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis. D. contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells. E. contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.

D.contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.

84.Glucose is usually completely reabsorbed from the filtrate by the time the filtrate has reached the A. tip of the loop of Henle. B. end of the collecting duct. C. end of the distal convoluted tubule. D. end of the proximal convoluted tubule. E. beginning of the proximal convoluted tubule.

D.end of the proximal convoluted tubule.

50.The kidney functions in A. preventing blood loss. B. white blood cell production. C. synthesis of vitamin E. D. excretion of nitrogenous wastes (such as urea). E. production of the hormone aldosterone.

D.excretion of nitrogenous wastes (such as urea).

93.The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces A. has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate. B. may have lost up to 99% of its original volume. C. is called urine. D. has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate, may have lost up to 99% of its original waste, and is called urine. E. None of these choices is correct.

D.has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate, may have lost up to 99% of its original waste, and is called urine.

111.In glomerular nephritis, proteins and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in A. increased reabsorption of water. B. increased reabsorption of sodium. C. increased secretion of sodium. D. increased urine output. E. decreased urine output.

D.increased urine output.

17.Thick skin A. has three different epidermal strata. B. has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin. C. is found covering most of the body. D. is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms. E. is determined by the thickness of the dermis.

D.is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.

6.The dermis A. contains no blood vessels. B. functions as padding and insulation. C. is divided into three distinct layers. D. is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength. E. does not contain connective tissue.

D.is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.

25.The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is A. pallor. B. erythema. C. hematoma. D. jaundice. E. cyanosis.

D.jaundice.

39.Nail cells are produced by the A. lunula. B. cuticle. C. nail body. D. nail matrix. E. nail groove.

D.nail matrix.

85.Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses A. active transport. B. cotransport. C. solvent drag. D. osmosis. E. None of these choices is correct.

D.osmosis.

108.Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of A. gravity. B. a pressure gradient. C. a concentration gradient. D. peristaltic contractions. E. osmotic gradient.

D.peristaltic contractions.

1.Which of the following functions is associated with the skin? A. fat production B. vitamin C production C. regulation of body pH D. protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun E. vitamin A production

D.protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun

24.Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating A. the breakdown of carotene. B. the breakdown of melanin. C. the buildup of bilirubin. D. the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase. E. the activity of the keratinocytes.

D.the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase.

88.As ADH production declines, A. glomerular filtration increases. B. potassium reabsorption increases. C. reabsorption of water increases. D. the urine volume increases. E. the blood volume increases.

D.the urine volume increases.

110.With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in A. increased bladder capacity. B. voluntary micturition. C. continuous dribbling of urine. D. uncontrollable micturition. E. lack of control of internal sphincter.

D.uncontrollable micturition.

86.The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules A. reabsorb glucose. B. collect filtrate from Bowman's capsule. C. actively transport sodium ions but not chloride ions. D. vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present. E. do not alter their permeability to water.

D.vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present.

21.Melanin production can be influenced by A. genetics. B. hormones. C. exposure to sunlight. D. pregnancy. E. All of these choices are correct.

E.All of these choices are correct.

91.Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla? A. high urea concentration in medulla B. active transport of solutes from ascending limb C. the vasa recta D. functions of the loop of Henle E. All of these choices are correct.

E.All of these choices are correct.

20.If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layers were cut? A. stratum corneum B. stratum basale C. dermis D. hypodermis E. all of these layers

E.all of these layers

10.The sloughing off of older cells from the surface of the skin is called A. pollination. B. keratinization. C. melaninization. D. germination. E. desquamination.

E.desquamination.

94.Urine concentration and volume depend on water reabsorption in the A. proximal convoluted tubule. B. descending loop of Henle. C. ascending loop of Henle. D. distal convoluted tubule only. E. distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.

E.distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts

74.Urine formation involves A. filtration of the plasma. B. reabsorption from the filtrate. C. secretion into the filtrate. D. production of red blood cells. E. filtration of the plasma, reabsorption from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate.

E.filtration of the plasma, reabsorption from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate.

31.Baldness A. occurs only in men. B. is related to estrogen levels. C. is related to levels of growth hormone. D. is not genetic. E. is more common in men than in women.

E.is more common in men than in women.

67.The renal corpuscle connects to the A. loop of Henle. B. collecting duct. C. distal convoluted tubule. D. renal convoluted tubule. E. proximal convoluted tubule.

E.proximal convoluted tubule.

89.When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal tubule cells, A. filtrate volume increases. B. filtrate osmolality decreases. C. potassium is secreted from the cells. D. the distal tubule is less permeable to water. E. the distal tubule is more permeable to water.

E.the distal tubule is more permeable to water.

80.Passage of proteins into Bowman's capsule is prevented by A. the size of the capillary pores. B. the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes. C. the size of the proteins. D. filtration pressure. E. the size of the capillary pores, the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes, and the size of the proteins.

E.the size of the capillary pores, the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes, and the size of the proteins.