AAOS EMT Eleventh Edition Section 6: Medical (thanks edooley911)
A confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor
To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?
Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg
Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations?
abnormal breath sounds.
When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:
an ischemic stroke.
When blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel, the result is:
place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags.
When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:
guarding.
When the abdominal muscles become rigid in an effort to protect the abdomen from further irritation, this is referred to as:
respirations increase in rate and depth.
When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:
recumbent position with the paralyzed side down.
When transporting a stable stroke patient with a paralyzed extremity, place the patient in a:
when the patient last appeared normal.
When you are obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine:
given the option of being treated by a female EMT.
Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:
Gonorrhea
Which of the following infections, when left untreated, may lead to infection of the blood and brain?
24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?
A rapid heart rate
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?
Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.
Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?
The 1:1000 concentration should be used.
Which of the following statements regarding epinephrine administration via the intramuscular (IM) route is correct?
The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in both men and women.
Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?
MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics.
Which of the following statements regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct?
Rape is a legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis.
Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct?
In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.
Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?
The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning.
Which of the following statements regarding the Salmonella bacterium is correct?
The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.
Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?
The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.
Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct?
EMTs respond to patients who, by definition, are having an emergency.
Why might EMTs encounter a larger proportion of violent patients than the population at large?
manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit.
You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:
assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan).
You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:
peptic ulcer disease.
Your patient complains of chronic "burning" stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect:
hypoxic drive
Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ___________.
8.
Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:
administer oxygen with the appropriate device.
Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to:
avoid contaminating yourself.
Your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to:
Esophageal varices
______ occur(s) when there is excess pressure within the portal system and surrounding vessel and may lead to life-threatening bleeding.
Cholecystitis
_______ commonly produces symptoms about 30 minutes after a particularly fatty meal and usually at night.
Behavior
____________ is what you can see of a person's response to the environment.
obtain a manual blood pressure.
Assessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BP cuff reveals that it is 204/120 mm Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMT should:
nature of illness
Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the _________.
immune system.
Asthma is caused by a response of the:
liver.
Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the:
leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity.Functions of the liver include://secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances.
Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in:
cerebral vasodilation.
Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function.
Organic brain syndrome is defined as:
referred pain.
Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:
gonorrhea.
Painful urination associated with burning and a yellowish discharge is associated with:
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Patient complaints of pain during intercourse, lower abdominal discomfort, and nausea may be indicative of which of the following?
psychiatric
Patients may show agitation or violence or become a threat to themselves or others when they experience a(n) _____ emergency.
headache.
Patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage typically complain of a sudden severe:
cough.
Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they:
urinary bladder.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically does NOT affect the:
married males older than 30 years.
People at a higher risk for suicide include all of the following, EXCEPT:
fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.
Peritonitis may result in shock because:
have chronic hypertension.
Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:
tachycardia.
Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include:
diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.
Signs of excited delirium include:
spleen, kidneys, and pancreas
Solid abdominal organs include the:
slight cramping
Some women experience ___________ during ovulation.
knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.
Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as:
takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.
Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient:
get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to:
children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults.
The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because:
taken seriously and the patient is transported for gynecologic evaluation
The EMT should ensure that vaginal bleeding is _________.
pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available.
The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if:
after the primary assessment has been completed.
The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made:
80 and 120 mg/dL.
The normal blood glucose level is between:
ingestion
Most poisonings occur via the __________ route.
address the patient's symptoms
Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________.
who have experienced a head injury.
Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:
80 to 120
Normal blood glucose levels range from _____ mg/dL.
injection
Of the four avenues of poisoning, generally ___________ is the most worrisome in terms of treatment to the EMS provider.
comforting reassurance
Often the most important intervention for a sexual assault patient is _____ and transport to a facility with a staff specially trained to deal with this scenario.
Low-flow oxygen
Which of the following may help reduce your patient's nausea?
Ibuprofen
Which of the following medications would the EMT be LEAST likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint?
Lung sounds
Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient?
Upper airway swelling
Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately?
Spleen
Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?
Pancreas
Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?
Liver
Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?
68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes
Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus?
A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin
Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?
Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation
Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?
Why was the substance ingested?
Which of the following questions would be LEAST pertinent during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance?
BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min
Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose?
Weight loss and polyuria
Which of the following signs or symptoms would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes?
Tightness in the chest or throat
Which of the following signs/symptoms are indicative of respiratory involvement of an allergic reaction?
Stridor
Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?
Most people with a mental illness are dangerous.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
respiratory patients
"PASTE" is an alternate assessment tool for ___________.
myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.
2. Angina pectoris occurs when:
you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.
40. Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that:
administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.
A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should:
provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.
A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should:
open the patient's airway and assess his respirations.
A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unresponsive and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should:
insert a nasal airway and ventilate with a BVM.
A 25-year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should:
administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.
A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:
Mallory-Weiss tear.
A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:
He is currently not prescribed any medications
A 30-year-old male experienced a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure, which stopped before you arrived at the scene. The patient is conscious, is answering your questions appropriately, and refuses EMS transport. Which of the following would be the MOST compelling reason to disagree with his refusal of transport?
epinephrine.
A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:
protect her airway from aspiration.
A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:
irreversible renal failure.
A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:
Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept.\\Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?\Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?
restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.
A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:
administer 15 g of activated charcoal.
A 4-year-old, 15-kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother states that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. The EMT should:
calmly identify yourself to the patient.
A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:
be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:
assess the adequacy of his respirations.
A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:
delirium tremens.
A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:
administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport
A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus
Spontaneous pneumothorax
A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?
aortic aneurysm.
A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:
apply a CPAP device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration.
A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and with an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should:
administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.
A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should:
open and maintain her airway and assess breathing.
A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should:
ask the daughter how her father normally behaves.
A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should:
Pulmonary embolism
A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect?
a heart attack.
A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:
the inner layers of the aorta become separated.
A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:
physiological disorder in the absence of a structural abnormality.
A functional disorder is a:
at a distance when the patient is first seen.
A general impression of the patient is formed by an EMT:
remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest.
A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should:
Acute myocardial infarction
A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced?
has bleeding within the brain.
A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she:
dysarthria.
A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing:
Request a police officer to accompany you in the ambulance
A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing abdominal pain. When law enforcement arrived, the patient became violent, necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess the patient, he tells you that killing someone will make his abdominal pain go away. His vital signs are stable. How should you manage this situation?
not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused.
A patient with an altered mental status is:
diabetic ketoacidosis
A patient with an altered mental status; high blood glucose levels; and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as __________.
the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.
A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because:
Pale, cool, and clammy skin
A patient with hypoglycemia will often present with which of the following signs/symptoms?
abdominal pain associated with menstruation
A patient with pelvic inflammatory disease will typically complain of _________.
tolerance.
A person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing:
fluid accumulation outside the lung.
A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:
urticaria.
A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called:
reflective listening.
A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called:
a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms.
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when:
Kidney
A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?
a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.
An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as:
binds to the substance and prevents absorption.
Activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substances because it:
aspirin.
Activated charcoal may be indicated for a patient who ingested:
toxic chemical inhalation. /Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct? // Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension.
Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:
monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.
After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and resolution of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:
monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.
After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old woman with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:
be alert for vomiting.
After administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to:
take standard precautions.
After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to:
immediately resume CPR.
After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:
oxygen.
Airborne substances should be diluted with:
blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing.
Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:
adequate air exchange.
An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:
provide emotional support en route to the hospital.
An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:
liver failure.
An overdose of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause:
extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems.
Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n):
multiple organ systems.
Anaphylaxis is not always life threatening, but it typically involves:
be alert for personal hazards.
As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should:
a raised, well-defined area of the skin
At the site of the injury, signs and symptoms of an animal or insect bite or sting may include pain, localized heat, and a wheal, which appears as __________.
normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms.
Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when:
it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.
Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting:
obtain approval from medical control.
Before giving activated charcoal, you should:
milligrams
Blood glucose levels are measured in:
Apply high-flow oxygen therapy, place the patient in a shock position, and help maintain the patient's body temperature.
Care for a victim of an immunologic emergency who is severely hypotensive should include which of the following?
is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.//loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.
Chronic renal failure is a condition that:
cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.
Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
Fructose.
Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT:
drowsiness.
Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:
tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.
Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:
cool, clammy skin.
Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following, EXCEPT:
air passing through fluid
Crackles (rales) are caused by _________.
Call for police backup.
Dean, a man in his 50s, is acting irrationally. His wife states that he thinks he is the dictator of a small country, and he is wearing nothing but a baseball cap and a belt with a small handgun attached to it. What is your best course of action?
right atrium.
Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:
ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed.
During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should:
he has hemophilia A.
During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:
shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:
fallopian tube.
Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the:
respiratory distress.
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is clearly indicated for patients who present with:
wheezing and hypotension are present.
Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:
sympathetic
Epinephrine stimulates the ________ response, increasing blood pressure and relieving bronchospasm.
All of these answers are correct.
Epinephrine, whether made by the body or by a drug manufacturer, works rapidly to:
but that does not mean a person is mentally ill
Everyone exhibits some signs and symptoms of mental illness at some point in life ____________.
polyphagia.
Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called:
are usually benign but should be evaluated.
Febrile seizures:
identify whether the patient requires rapid transport
For a patient with a gastrointestinal complaint, it is MOST important for the EMT to _________.
1 month.
From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least:
being prepared to spend extra time with the patient.
General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include:
increased intracranial pressure.
Headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and seizures are all considered early signs of:
has a greater ability to produce disease.
Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it:
opioid.
Heroin is an example of a(n):
bronchiolitis.
His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:
By changing the normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them
How do poisons typically act to harm the body?
a narcotic overdose.
Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:
stroke.
Hypoglycemia can mimic conditions such as:
oxycodone (Percocet).
Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of:
place the patient in a supine position with her legs elevated.
If a patient with vaginal bleeding presents with a rapid pulse and pale or cool skin, you should:
use appropriate personal protective equipment and examine the vomitus for pill fragments or other clues for patient care.
If the victim of a toxicologic emergency vomits, an EMT should _________.
properly dispose of the syringe.
Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should:
reassess the patient's airway and breathing.
Immediately after physically restraining a violent patient, the EMT should:
pandemics.
In 2009, the H1N1 virus accounted for over 200,000 deaths worldwide in the form of the swine flu. In 1919, a similar outbreak of the H1N1 occurred in the form of the Spanish flu. Starting in Kansas City, the virus spread rapidly worldwide, claiming up to 50 million lives. These are both examples of:
diffuse and control the situation and safely transport the patient.
In addition to ensuring his or her own safety, the EMT's responsibility when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:
checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of the skin. / When caring for a patient who takes numerous medications, it is best to: // take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report.
In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:
seizures and cardiac arrhythmias.
In an apparent suicide attempt, a 19-year-old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil). At present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, her pulse is 140 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. When transporting this patient, you should be MOST alert for:
becomes engorged with blood.
In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:
becomes agitated or violent and is a threat to him- or herself or others.
In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person:
is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.
In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum:
is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level.
In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:
is not a communicable disease.
In contrast to viral hepatitis, toxin-induced hepatitis:
are usually absorbed quickly into the body.
In general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they:
oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:
Alveoli
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?
61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes
In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service?
experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted.
It is common for young females who experience their first menstrual period to:
fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.
Ketone production is the result of:
attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.
Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:
provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.
Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:
bacterial vaginosis D) vaginal bleeding
Left untreated, _____ can lead to premature birth or low birth weight in pregnant women.
resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.
Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the:
lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.
Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:
a fever
Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________.
dry the chest if it is wet.
Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should:
ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.
Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
repeating the primary assessment.
Reassessment of a patient with a medical complaint should begin by:
family history.
Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Severe back pain may be associated with which of the following conditions?
transporting the patient without delay.
The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is:
hypertension.
The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:
labia majora; labia minora
The __________ and _________ are folds of tissue that surround the urethral and vaginal openings.
fallopian tubes
The _____________ connect(s) each ovary with the uterus.
diabetic ketoacidosis.
The accumulation of ketones and fatty acids in blood tissue can lead to a dangerous condition in diabetic patients known as:
0.3; 0.15
The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg.
1 minute
The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration.
sinoatrial node.
The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:
ensure your safety.
The first step in assessing a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:
allergen.
The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n):
use a human body as a home
The goal of invaders such as bacteria and viruses is to __________.
removing sodium and water from the body.
The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:
the right side of the body.
The left cerebral hemisphere controls:
maintain homeostasis
The main function of the endocrine system is to _________.
black stools.
The major side effect associated with administration of activated charcoal is:
is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes.
The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure:
brain stem.
The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:
lower abdominal pain.
The most common presenting sign of pelvic inflammatory disease is:
minutes.
The onset of hypoglycemia can occur within:
between 11 and 16 years of age.
The onset of menstruation usually occurs in women who are:
walls of the abdominal cavity.
The parietal peritoneum lines the:
limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries.
The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:
is aware of the substance that is involved.
The poison control center will be able to provide you with the most information regarding the appropriate treatment for a patient with a drug overdose if the center:
mental status.
The principal difference between a patient who has had a stroke and a patient with hypoglycemia almost always has to do with the
safely removing or diluting the poisonous substance
The recommended treatment for absorbed or contact poisons includes _________.
is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short.
The secondary assessment of a medical patient:
depression.
The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is:
foramen magnum.
The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:
scraped away from the skin.
The stinger from a honeybee should be:
cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
The three major parts of the brain are the:
physical and psychological
The two basic categories of diagnosis that a physician will use for behavioral crises or psychiatric emergencies are ____________.
erythrocytes and leukocytes
The two main types of cells contained in blood are called _________.
women
Urinary tract infections are more common in ____________.
hives.
Urticaria is the medical term for:
Transport to an emergency department for evaluation
Victims of inhaled poisoning will require which of the following?
Feeling "bad" or "depressed" means that you must be "sick."
What is the most common misconception surrounding mental illness?
Any behaviors that are a violent threat to the patient, EMTs, or others
When a psychiatric emergency arises, a patient is most likely to exhibit which of the following behaviors?
has gathered patient history information.\If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT should assume that she:\is in shock.
When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:
10 seconds.
When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for:
, you should: adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations.
When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease
quickly, within 30 minutes.
When an allergic reaction proceeds to life-threatening anaphylaxis, it will usually do so __________.
be direct and clearly state your intentions.
When assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should:
Medical history / It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem. // neurologic
When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem?
palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.
When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:
rate and depth of breathing.
When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:
ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment.
When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:
internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot.
When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that:
sudden death can occur if the patient's violence is not controlled.
When caring for a patient experiencing excited delirium, the EMT should remember that:
limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.
When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should:
a seizure.
When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for:
maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.
When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to:
document everything that happened on the call.
When documenting abnormal behavior, it is important to
the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first.
When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that:
if he or she has had any recent illnesses or excessive stress.
When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes, it would be MOST important to determine:
focus on his or her chief complaint.
When performing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with nontraumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs, you should:
on the thighs or ankles.
When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the "LL" and "RL" electrodes should be placed:
A seizure that begins in one
Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure?
Confusion and fatigue
Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure?
Jugular venous distention
Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardiovascular problem?
Lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge
Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Substance abuse
Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition?
Blindness
Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?
Antihypertensive medications
Which of the following conditions or factors would be the LEAST likely to result in a change in behavior?
Alcohol withdrawal
Which of the following conditions or situations would MOST likely make excited delirium worse?
Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain?
Chlamydia\In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer:\may be relatively painless.
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated?
Severe anxiety
Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia?
Hypovolemia
Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
Rohypnol
Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as "roofies"?
Spleen
Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function?
Does the patient appear to be well groomed?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor to consider when assessing a suicidal patient?
Cystic fibrosis
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections?
Avoid touching without permission.
Which of the following is a good guideline for physical examination of any patient?
Poisoning
Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure?
Feeling "blue" after the breakup of a long-term relationship
Which of the following is a normal reaction to a crisis situation?
A person violently attacking family members
Which of the following is an example of a psychiatric emergency?
MRSA
Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses?
Burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating
Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?
Alzheimer dementia
Which of the following is considered an organic brain syndrome?
You may not have time to complete a secondary assessment.
Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient
Although the physical exam can be difficult, the patient's emotional state may be determined by noting facial expressions, pulse rate, and respirations.
Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct?
The pain is worse when bending over
Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion?
Psychosis
Which of the following terms applies to a state of delusion in which the patient is out of touch with reality?
The environment in which the patient is found
Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction?
Aspiration pneumonia
While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions?
11; 50
While the ages can vary, women typically experience menstruation from approximately _________ to ____________ years of age.
begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible.
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:
Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.
You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?
Rapid eye movement
You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system?
repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself.
You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should:
instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.
You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:
combination of a medical and trauma emergency.
You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a:
stay with the patient while you wait for the police
You are attending to a 27-year-old patient with a history of depression. The patient's family tells you that she has been openly talking about harming herself and suicide, and they got scared when she tried to overdose on some medications. The patient did not take the pills and is alert and oriented. Despite all of your best efforts to convince her, the patient refuses to go to hospital for treatment. Based on this information, you should:
initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible.
You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:
viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.
You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low grade fever for the past two days. They became worried today, as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from:
Were you shot at or under fire?
You are attending to a 32-year-old male patient. The patient's wife tells you that he returned from Afghanistan last year. While he initially seemed fine, lately he has become withdrawn and distanced himself from his family and friends. He does not talk about it, but she knows that he has been having terrible nightmares that wake him up. The most appropriate question to ask regarding his experience in Afghanistan is:
tuberculosis.
You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:
Left hemisphere
You are called to a home and find a 56-year-old woman supine in her bed. She appears alert, but has slurred speech. Her family tells you she has a history of TIAs and hypertension. You ask the patient, "What day is it today?" Her reply is, "Butterfly." Which area of the brain is likely affected?
recovery position and transport.
You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include:
suction her oropharynx and transport immediately.
You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth, and has an oxygen saturation of 96%. You should:
thoroughly suctioning her oropharynx.
You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. Immediate management for this patient should include:
insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation.
You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:
C) insulin.
You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:
monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level.
You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes valproate (Depakote) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:
maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high-flow oxygen.
You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should:
request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine.
You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should:
0.15 mg
You have been called to a park where a local church is holding a potluck dinner. As you exit your ambulance, a woman approaches you holding her 7-year-old son who is wheezing and having difficulty breathing. She informs you that he inadvertently ate a brownie with nuts, and he is allergic to nuts. The child's mother has an EpiPen that contains the appropriate dose of epinephrine for a child. What dose would that be?
Is the pain constant or intermittent?
You have been dispatched to the home of a 52-year-old woman with severe flank pain. Which of the following would be an appropriate question to ask regarding the pain?
His large body size
You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient's potential for violence?
ventilate her with a BVM.
You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unresponsive on the couch. The patient's respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats/min, and her pulse is weak. The husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone (Vicodin), which was refilled the day before. You should:
attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated.
You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes:
transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route.
You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should:
retreat at once and call law enforcement.
You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:
squeezing may cause the stinger to inject more venom into the wound.
You should not use tweezers or forceps to remove an embedded stinger because:
follow your system's refusal of treatment policy and respect the patient's wishes without judgment.
Your _____ is the best tool to gain the patient's confidence to seek medical help.
Dry mucous membranes
Your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49-year-old male with bradycardia. Which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience?
cholecystitis
Your patient complains of abdominal pain that occurs mostly at night or after eating fatty foods. You should suspect ____________.
