ABCTE PTK Exam Study

Towards the end of a teaching unit, what "W" questions can a teacher begin to use?

How and why- those that involve more complex thinking

what is a norm-referenced assessment?

An assessment that compares a child's skills to other students who took the test

What is an Ipsative Assessment?

An assessment that involves the comparison of scores over time. must be done with the same concepts, material, skills, or processes

"Killing Cats Almost Always Seems Evil" is a mnemonic device to help remember what?

Bloom's Taxonomy Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation

A middle level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as compare, analyze, classify, distinguish, categorize, differentiate, infer, survey, select, prioritize.

Analysis

How accurate is the mean of a data set?

CAN be accurate, but can also be swayed by extreme scores (either high or low)

An instructional response that asks the student to re-word their thinking so that the teacher can collect more info or provide clarity.

Clarifying

A middle level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as organize, generalize, prepare, produce, choose, apply, solve, draw, show, paint.

Application

a standardized test that is designed to predict future performance levels in a given subject

Aptitude test

What term is a co-relation which defines how well two separate variables go together?

Correlation

what are the 4 stages of learning?

1) acquisition- demonstrate to introduce new skills 2) fluency- provide opportunities to practice 3) generalization- provide opportunities to review 4) Adaptation- practice skills in a new setting

What can a well-constructed lesson minimize?

Disruptions

Describe the 3 Sigma Rule in normal data distributions.

1. 67% of scores are within 1 deviation of the mean 2. 95% are within 2 deviations 3. 99.7 are within 3 deviations

What are the steps to calculating variance of a data set? How is this different from calculating standard deviation?

1. Calculate the mean of the data set 2. Subtract the mean from each individual score and square the result 3. Add all the squared results together 4. divide this sum by the population size (or minus 1) When calculating standard deviation, after step 4, you would take the square root of the result.

Free Appropriate Public Education that is guaranteed by federal law to special education students

FAPE

what is the RAFT instructional technique?

1. Role 2. Audience 3. Format 4. Topic

Name 5 graphic organizers.

1. Venn Diagram 2. Quadrant/Frayer Model 3. KWL Chart 4. T-Chart 5. Outline 6. Concept Map/Web/Cluster 7. Timeline 8. Portfolio 9. Flow Chart 10. Flashcards

Every lesson has 3 things...

1. a beginning 2. a middle 3. an end

What two things does a multiple choice question contain?

1. a stem (a question) 2. distractors (several answer choices)

Deliberate instruction includes intentional lessons. They also...

1. are well-planned 2. have a clearly-stated objective 3. show an understanding of the audience

a teacher should avoid reprimands that....

1. ask questions of the student 2. are too vague 3. impy different standards of behavior for girls and boys

How should a teacher grade cooperative group assignments?

1. assign each student a role/contribution and grade accordingly 2. do not grade the group as a whole as some may have put in more work than others 3. do not have students rate each other 4. provide a detailed written evaluation accompanied by a grade

what is an appropriate way to incentivize good behavior?

1. award individual points toward a group goal

What are some key things to remember when speaking with parents?

1. communicate as a professional 2. maintain a professional appearance 3. avoid educational lingo 4. consider your non-verbal language

Name some skills that "global learners" possess.

1. communication skills 2. cultural competency 3. problem-solving skills 4. collaboration skills 5. teamwork skills

name some sources of technology utilized in the classroom.

1. computers/laptops/tablets 2. LCD projectors 3. SMART boards 4. the Internet 5. WebQuest

what are the four major steps to planning a lesson?

1. determine the goals 2. write measurable objectives 3. task analysis is completed to guide the lesson plan 4. determine necessary prerequisite knowledge

State the steps for calculating the standard deviation.

1. determine the mean of the data set 2. subtract the mean from each score in the data set and square each result 3. add the results together and calculate the new mean (minus 1) 4. take the square root of the new mean

what is the best way to promote student comprehension?

1. divide major objectives into small learning units 2. write objectives and assessments of each unit

What are some ways to improve fairness in assessments?

1. do not include any non-essential vocabulary 2. do not present unlikely situations 3. test items should be equally familiar 4. test items should not be too lengthy

What is the best way to assess prior knowledge when beginning a lesson?

1. doing so in a way that you can correct any misinformation 2. doing so in a way that is open-ended and attention-grabbing

never miss an opportunity to praise a child for...

1. effort 2. quality work 3. good behavior

when a student does poorly in class, what should the teacher be focused on protecting them from?

1. embarrassment 2. violations of their privacy do not share lack of success with other students

What are the steps of the Learning Cycle based on Piaget's learning theory?

1. exploration 2. concept introduction 3. concept application

what are the three types of bias that can be present in assessments?

1. fairness 2. prejudice 3. stereotyping

Name 3 examples of serious offenses

1. fighting 2. bullying 3. sexual harassment 4. threats toward teacher/student 5. possession of weapon/drugs

what do warm-up activities at the beginning of class do to benefit the student?

1. focuses the student on learning 2. can serve as a review of previously learned content

Name some ways to create a positive learning environment.

1. greet students at the door 2. display examples of student work 3. make the classroom feel open, welcoming, and caring

When working in small groups, what should the teacher do in order to make these groups effective?

1. hold individual students accountable by giving each a role 2. group by ability, not by social connection

What are the 6 purposes of assessment?

1. identify strengths and weaknesses of individual students 2. inform parents of their child's progress 3. show students their progress toward mastery 4. to promote a cyclical concept of continual learning (assessment>instruction>assessment...) 5. to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional implementation 6. to present personalized student data

order the steps of instruction: re-design, teach, repeat, review, give assessment, write assessment, identify time limit of unit, evaluate instruction, review for assessment

1. identify time limit of unit 2. write assessment 3. teach 4. review for assessment 5. give assessment 6. evaluate instruction 7. re-design 8. repeat

what is assessment?

1. information-gathering 2. documenting knowledge, skills, attitudes, and beliefs 3. determining whether or not objectives have been met 4. a measure of how well the student is learning and how well the teacher is teaching 5. student, teacher, parent, and institutional accountability 6. a method to analyze and improve teaching and learning 7. a means to motivate students

On the first day of school, what are the most important things to do in order to establish classroom management?

1. learn student names as quickly as possible 2. be positive 3. be prepared 4. begin class with a warm-up activity 5. greet students as they come in the door 6. familiarize students with the class rules/expectations

how should a teacher handle an instance where you suspect cheating is occurring?

1. make a broad statement about your expectations for test-taking, homework, etc. 2. don't call out specific students

what are some ways to stimulate active learning?

1. minimize unnecessary info or distractions 2. utilize sufficient relevant examples 3. organize curriculum around a central theme or idea 4. require review, memorization, repetition, and mnemonic devices 5. provide study and memory aides prior to the lesson

Pacing of material is dependant upon 3 things

1. nature of students 2. nature of material 3. goals of the teacher

what are some ways to identify what the students already know?

1. offer a pre-test on the material 2. group discussion 3. student interviews 4. classroom participation

When you want students to understand what is expected from their independent work, how should a teacher go about explaining/showing this?

1. perform the task together as a class 2. display student work

What is the best routine to foster learning in a middle-school aged class?

1. provide a warm-up activity 2. review yesterday's homework 3. introduce new material 4. provide guided practice of the new material 5. assign new homework

how can worksheets benefit a lesson?

1. provide additional practice 2. provide repetition 3. can serve as a review of the material 4. helps refresh student's memories

how should a teacher deal with a very intelligent student who is dominating a conversation?

1. shift the focus of the discussion so that multiple response are welcomed and all answers are considered carefully 2. do not reprimand the student unless their behavior is inappropriate 3. do not isolate the student from the rest of the class with the purpose of "keeping them busy"

What benefits do project-based assessments provide?

1. show concepts the students have learned 2. allows students to articulate those concepts 3. assesses the lesson objectives

when you are needing to reinforce class rules, how should a teacher do this?

1. show them how disruptive their behavior is (act it out if needed) 2. have a discussion about why the rule is important

The Whole Child Approach to Education strives to train up students who are...

1. stewards of the world 2. citizens of the world

What things do an effective lesson closure contain?

1. summary of objectives 2. connections between prior and future lessons

What are the elements of SQ3R/SQ4R?

1. survey 2. Questions 3. Reading/Relate 4. Recite 5. Review

If more than half of your students performs poorly on a quiz, what should you do?

1. tell the students that the quiz will not count 2. re-teach the objectives 3. give the students a DIFFERENT quiz

Name some subtle disciplinary strategies.

1. the "evil eye" 2. proximity 3. ask the student to stop their misbehavior 4. get the misbehaving student involved with the lesson 5. move the student's seat 6. use humor

Behavioral objectives must consist of two main components. What are these components?

1. they must be measurable 2. they contain an action verb

Name three important things to consider when choosing a seating arrangement.

1. visibility of students 2. movement by the teacher 3. space for isolation 4. students should always be in front of the teacher 5. utilize a second teacher's desk in the room 6. considers the distance between students

what do warm-up activities at the beginning of class do to benefit the teacher?

1. works to control disruptions 2. provides an opportunity to perform clerical duties 3. helps to fill the entire instructional time

what is the engagement time of most students during a lecture?

15-20 minutes

Describe the 3rd quartile.

25% of scores are above this point, 75% are below

Describe the first quartile of a data set.

25% of scores are below this point; 75% are above this point the bottom 1/4 of the data set left-hand side of a curve

How long does it take for new learning to be understood and transferred into long-term memory?

5 seconds

Describe the second quartile.

50% of scores are above this point, and 50% are below this point the median of the data set

What is the percentage of scores within each standard deviation?

67% of scores within 1 deviation of the mean 95% within 2 deviations 99.7% within 3 deviations

What is a criterion-referenced assessment?

A student is measured based on his / her own mastery of a skill rather than comparing the student to others

a condition that inhibits the ability of the student to concentrate

ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder)

a condition that not only inhibits the ability to concentrate but also causes the learner to be impulsive, easily distracted, and overly active.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder)

A teacher should monitor the progress of which students?

ALL students, not just those who are struggling

when should you prepare class rules and their consequences?

BEFORE school begins

students retain information better when they....

use it, especially in an analytical way

What is the SQ3R/SQ4R instructional strategy useful for?

useful in getting students to interact with reading passages.

After teaching a new, difficult concept the teacher should call on whom to provide answers to follow-up questions?

volunteers the risk is high on these questions; students who volunteer are willing to take the risk

the amount of time a teacher waits for a student to respond to a question

wait time

1. begin with a short review of previous content 2. state objective 3. present new material in small steps; sufficient practice after each step 4. clear and detailed instructions and explanations 5. provide a high level of active practice 6. ask a large number of questions; check for understanding 7. guide students during initial practice 8. provide feedback and corrections 9. provide explicit instruction for independent practice and monitor

well-structured lessons

In the beginning of a teaching unit, what "W" questions should a teacher use?

what and where- they have verifiable answers

what is curriculum?

what the students are supposed to learn as a result of a specific educational sequence of events

Curricular standards communicate what?

what, when, and how to teach

When is the appropriate time to use a Venn diagram?

when comparing/contrasting TWO items

When are flashcards useful?

when learning new vocabulary words

what is skew?

when results favor one side or the other of a normal bell curve

When is a cause and effect chart most useful?

when showing the relationship between EVENTS

how can a teacher tell when classroom rules are working?

when students recognize their violations and correct their behavior on their own

When is the appropriate time to utilize a web cluster graphic organizer?

when you want students to identify the details of one specific topic

What is a piggyback response?

where an answer builds upon the previous answer

In Piaget's learning cycle, concept application is...

where students apply what they have learned to new situations students formulate a new idea or understanding should lead directly into the exploration stage of the next curricular concept

warm-up, lecture, demonstrations, gallery walk, using graphic organizers, and questioning are all teaching strategies to use with what types of groups?

whole/large groups

Which type of questions elicit the widest range of possible answers?

why questions; they are the most open-ended the answers don't run out quickly, so the discussion tends to be interesting

what type of whole group teaching strategy is most relied upon in the classroom, but should never take the place of the teacher's lesson plan?

worksheets

Should a teacher share the lesson objectives with their students?

yes. 1. helps the students to be on the same page as the teacher 2. helps the students to strive for the same learning goals 3. helps students to focus on the goal for the day

Who do you need to know before you begin planning lessons?

your students

an act that provides special education and services for children with disabilities

IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

what are some examples of norm-referenced assessments?

IQ test, president's fitness test, cohort-referenced assessments

what is central tendency?

It s the center of a distribution: Mean, Median or Mode

Which type of correlational relationship would the following statement indicate? As one variable increases, the other decreases.

Negative Correlation

an instructional response that uses a neutral tone, promotes the flow of the lesson, continues thinking, and offers a non-committal response to the students.

Non-Judgmental

What is the name of a statistic that indicates the degree/strength of the linear relationship between two variables? Often indicated by a +/-.

Pearson Product/Moment Correlation Coefficient

Definition= The learning and practice of teaching

Pedagogy

What is PBIS?

Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports

Which type of correlational relationship would the following statement indicate? As one variable increases, so does the other.

Positive correlation

What are some examples of summative tests/assessments?

SAT, AP tests, high-stakes exams

The second highest level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as design, compose, invent, hypothesize, develop, construct, produce, plan, create, organize.

Synthesis

What does a negatively skewed graph tell us about the mean and median?

The median is greater than the mean.

What does a positively skewed graph tell us about the mean and median?

The median is less than the mean.

what is the range of a data set?

The range of a set of data is the difference between the highest and lowest values in the set.

What does it mean if a student scores in the 25th percentile at a score of 39?

This means 25% of scores were at or below a score of 39

federal program in which money is given to districts that have a high number of disadvantaged students

Title I

What does it mean to A.I.D. a situation?

Your response to the situation should be: A- appropriate I- immediate D- decisive

When posing higher order thinking questions, typically a question is asked and followed by what?

a brief pause to allow students to formulate an answer then the teacher chooses a volunteer to answer

what is a portfolio?

a collection of student work that demonstrates their level of achievement can be used as assessment technique

When beginning a lesson, you should provide...

a context for the material

What is a KWL chart?

a graphic organizer that allows students to iterate what they Know, what they Want to know, and what they have Learned about a concept. completed as 3 columns.

What is a histogram?

a graphic representation of related data; usually a bar graph

what is the difference between a lockdown and a shelter-in-place?

a lockdown is when students and staff are locked in their rooms a shelter-in-place is when students and staff are locked inside the school; more secure

what is the fastest type of assessment a teacher can use to determine whether students know certain facts?

a multiple choice exam

What does a -1.0 correlation coefficient indicate?

a perfect negative/inverse relationship; when A goes up, B goes down (and the inverse is also true)

mnemonic devices help students to remember what type of information

a specific set of ordered information

what is a diagnostic test?

a test which looks back on prior student learning and provides data that connects to new learning provides baseline data that is utilized before teaching the curriculum

What is operant conditioning?

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher B.F. Skinner

What is classical conditioning?

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events Pavlov

what is the definition of a valid assessment?

a valid assessment is one that measures what it is intended to measure

what are not ideal in gauging student mastery of a process?

a written test

Lesson Objectives: what the students will ___________________ by the end of the lesson.

accomplish

mentally participating to the speaker

active listening

Who can help translate curriculum?

administrators and content specialists

When in the teaching process is it appropriate to call on random students for answers?

after students have been allowed time to practice new concepts

data that is combined from several parts into one whole

aggregate data

a rigid set of standards or rules for performing a task

algorithm

matching what is taught and tested to learning goals or standards

alignment

what is a performance assessment?

an exhibition of skills (not a pen and paper test)

What is an outlier?

an extreme score at either end of a data set result in misleading statistical conclusions

What is think-pair-share?

an instructional strategy for small groups where students: 1. think- individually come to an answer 2. pair- work in pairs to combine responses into a new one 3. share- present new, combined reponses

dividing something into its constituents

analysis

moving from knowledge to the ability to use the information

application

How much repetition is enough?

as much as possible until mastery is acheived

If a student is unsure about their answer to a question, how should the teacher prompt them to show whether or not they are competent in the topic?

ask the student to explain WHY their answer is correct. Be sure to give them time to think and explain.

classroom management in which rules are given and applied consistently but without hostility

assertive discipline

What is the best way to close a lesson?

assess the effectiveness of the lesson through group work so the teacher can monitor and adjust before students work individually Have the students identify the important topics and conclusions in group discussions

a measure of what students know (declarative information) and are able to do (procedures)

assessment

What should inform your instruction?

assessments

methods of determining effectiveness of the lessons

assessments

periodic measuring devices that indicate student growth and also verify successful lessons

assessments

fitting new knowledge into existing processes

assimilation

What is negative reinforcement?

attaching an undesirable consequence to an undesirable behavior

What is meta-cognition?

awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.

should you schedule assessments based on the calendar date or the progress of the class?

based on progress of the class

foundation skills such as reading and math that form the basis for other skills

basic skills

when should a teacher create summative assessments in the instructional process?

before teaching the unit

changing an undesirable behavior through a prescribed learning theory

behavior modification

the goals of the learning stated as observable behavior

behavioral objectives

where is the best place to sit when administering a whole-class test to students?

behind them

a baseline of data usually grade and/or subject specific

benchmark

Lessons are intended for the _________________ of the audience, not for the ____________________ of the teacher.

benefit convenience

what is the definition of bias in relation to assessments?

bias is some characteristics that is present that unfairly affects a student's score

learning based on how the brain works

brain-based learning

a teaching strategy in which students generate many ideas without concern about quality

brainstorming

What is scaffolding?

breaking learning into parts

how can a teacher create connections between prior concepts and new learning?

by starting with what they already know and showing how they connect

what is the most effective way to focus student attention?

by utilizing a good visual aid

What does a correlation NOT prove/show?

cause & effect

the place in the lesson where the teacher makes sure that students have mastered the learning before moving to the next step in the lesson

checking for mastery

the place in the lesson where the teacher checks to make sure that students understand before moving on in the teaching process.

checking for understanding

what is the best way for a teacher to check on students' general progress toward mastery during independent work periods?

circulate around the room and check student work while they are working this is the least disruptive way to assess their progress

the mood of the classroom including teacher-student interactions, student-student interactions, and the belief system in the classroom

classroom climate

the process of managing student behavior in the classroom

classroom control

the classroom climate as well as the teacher's ability to manage behavior and the tasks of the class

classroom management

the part of the lesson in which the teacher summarizes the learning

closure

teaching that includes modeling, observation of student behaviors and immediate feedback

coaching

the mental operations of thinking

cognition

thought and reasoning usually divided into two categories- knowledge or factual, and processes

cognitive development

objectives that measure knowledge and/or processes demonstrated by the student

cognitive objectives

the collective feelings or emotions of a group

cohesiveness

a test to measure the ability of students to meet a given set of objectives, usually state or national objectives

competency test

a lower level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as match, restate, paraphrase, give examples, express, illustrate, explain, defend, distinguish, summarize, interpret, interrelate.

comprehension

a graphic representation of relationships between and among a given set of criteria

concept map

when a student is unsure of their answer to a question, what should the teacher do BEFORE asking them to explain how they figured out the answer?

confirm whether their answer is correct or not

organizational structure helps students to...

connect and remember

a reliable test must simply produce ___________ results.

consistent

What kind of praise can be considered ingenuine?

constant praise

In what manner should you conduct parent conferences?

construct behavioral commentary in an uplifting manner and have a plan to correct poor progress

a learner-centered approach based on the idea that students construct knowledge for themselves based on what they already know and by interaction with new information

constructivism

questioning in which the number of possible answers is very limited, usually to one possible answer

convergent questioning

the process of figuring out a concrete solution to any problem (usually the most effective answer) ONE answer

convergent thinking

a teaching strategy in which students work together in groups toward a common goal

cooperative learning

required curriculum for all students

core

how can you provide context for learning new concepts?

create "bridges" between the old and the new

thinking that leads to new ideas or ways of looking at things

creative thinking

a standardized test designed to measure a student's level of mastery of a given set of standards, goals, or objectives

criterion-referenced test

occurs when all elements of society are valued and the language and traditions of the groups are maintained

cultural pluralism

Summative tests must be formulated in response to what content?

curricular objectives

what is a "bell ringer"?

daily work that is completed by the students as soon as they enter the room allows the teacher time to complete clerical tasks

the process of determining specifics from a general model

deduction/deductive thinking

learning that moves from general concepts to specific concepts

deductive learning

reasoning that moves from general ideas to a specific conclusion

deductive reasoning

Maslow used this term to describe the basic needs of survival, safety, belonging, and self-esteem

deficiency needs

procedures are best taught through...

demonstration

a test designed to identify areas of strength and weakness in a student

diagnostic test

What are tiered assignments?

differentiation based on academic ability and preferred modality of learning

this type of teaching is categorized by a teaching presenting the concepts directly to the students

direct instruction/active teaching

what type of teaching is demonstrated by the teacher showing students a technique, process, or procedure example- the teacher shows the class how to write the letters in the alphabet before the students practice it themselves

directed-teaching

data that is separated into parts

disaggregate data

the control of student behavior in the classroom

discipline

a teaching technique that follows the following processes: 1. identify the problem 2. develop a hypothesis 3. test the hypothesis 4. arrive at a conclusion

discovery learning

What should be the process for dealing with a student whose parents are obviously helping them with their homework?

discuss with the parent various strategies they can use to help their student benefit from the assignments

practice that is repeated over time, usually at pre-set intervals

distributed practice

the process of thinking that explores multiple possible solutions in order to generate creative ideas MULTIPLE answers

divergent thinking

thinking that leads to a conclusion or product that is unique to the individual

divergent thinking

Agenda Items: what the class will ___________ to meet the lesson objectives.

do

a disorder in which the individual has difficulty learning to read, write, and spell

dyslexia

when dealing with difficult students, should a teacher's focus be on discipline or on creating educational strategies?

educational strategies; some educational problems seem to be at the root of misbehavior

Recall questions are best used for which age group?

elementary students

the ability to understand the feelings and actions of other

empathy

questions that require judgment to be made

empirical questions

The amount of time students are actively engaged in learning activities is known as _______

engaged time

what are the most difficult types of questions on assessments?

essay questions because they are subjective and students need to study more in order to be successful

what should a teacher do to focus on reading material?

establish a purpose for the reading to evaluate, to discover, to be entertained

directing students to make a judgment or form an opinion about something

evaluation

Correlations are often used to predict what?

events

No disciplinary tactic works for ____________ student ______________ time

every; every

What are t-charts useful for?

examining TWO sides of the same topic (ex. Pro and Con)

effective, meaningful direct teaching is what kind of instruction?

explicit instruction

the intentional design and delivery of information by the teacher to the students. Processes: 1. teacher models/demonstrates skills 2. substantial time for practice and opportunity to apply the skills 3. opportunity for feedback

explicit instruction

motivation that is triggered by rewards outside the individual

extrinsic motivation

in class work time allows the teacher to provide the students with what?

feedback

What type of feedback will help students improve their learning and prepare for mastery?

feedback that is specific and descriptive

subtle disciplinary strategies do not interrupt the ____________ of the lesson.

flow

the combination of speed and accuracy

fluency

What should a teacher follow with after engaging the students in inquiry-based instruction?

follow with direct instruction to ensure that all students understand what has occurred during inquiry portion

assessment that takes place throughout the lesson

formative assessment

the gathering of data, during the time the program is being developed, to guide the development process

formative evaluation

how much practice will help students to acquire a skill?

frequent initial practice

the process of extending what has been learned; applying what has been learned to identical/similar cases or uses

generalization

when introducing a new concept, comparing and contrasting allows students to....

generalize form a definition of the concept using examples and non-examples

What is the best way to aid retention of learning?

get the students actively involved in thier learning

What should a teacher provide in order for students to assess their own work and make adjustments before turning it in?

grading criteria/a rubric

structural organizers that visually help students to organize and see relationships in the learning

graphic organizers

Which type of questions can provide an assessment of knowledge attainment?

guiding questions

Uninformed parents are not able to ______________ their kids.

help

a method of grouping in which students of varying abilities, interests, achievement levels, and backgrounds are grouped together

heterogeneous grouping

a method of grouping in which students with the same abilities, interests, achievement levels, and backgrounds are grouped together

homogeneous grouping

what does the frequency distribution indicate?

how many students scored at the same level

parents will always want to know what?

how they compare to the rest of the class

Students need to be taught what about graphic organizers before they can be used?

how to use them

knowing __________ to teach is just as important as knowing ____________ to teach.

how; what

what can you determine about a class's performance if the range is high? what if it is low?

if it is high, then achievement is highly varied if it is low, then the class performed at about the same level

If a student struggles with spelling words, is this a cause for concern?

if the student is older, then yes. Poor spelling is often an indicator of learning disabilities.

what is the key to good classroom discipline in regards to attention and consequences?

immediate attention, not immediate consequences

this type of instruction does not provide specific guidance on what is to be learned from the task

implicit instruction

How should complex information be taught?

in small steps with practice in between each step

Do the quality of answers increase or decrease with increased wait time?

increase

the phase of instruction that occurs after skills and strategies have been explicitly taught and practiced under teacher direction or supervision. Involves the application of newly taught skills in familiar formats or tasks and reinforces skill acquisition

independent practice

a teaching strategy in which the student learns through discovery

indirect teaching

the process of building a general model from specific content

induction/inductive thinking

making a general conclusion based on several examples

inductive reasoning

asking questions to obtain information

inquiry

what type of learning involves students using materials themselves to discover a concept in a structured lesson

inquiry/discovery learning

what is fostered when students are seated close together or in groups?

interaction between students

the learning, idea, or processes becomes a part of the learner so that it is second nature

internalization

motivation triggered from within usually from a perceived need or goal

intrinsic motivation

What is an attribute of effective student feedback?

it connects individual students with the exact area that needs improvement and also with proficient areas

What is the purpose of a self-checking worksheet for students?

it provides immediate feedback for the students on whether or not their answers are correct

How should homework relate to the learning process?

it should extend it; there should not be any new learning taking place during homework time, but merely be an extension of what has already been learned serve as a form of repetition and practice

The lowest level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as select, list, name, define, describe, memorize, label, identify, recite, state, recognize.

knowledge

what is practical knowledge?

learning from others

what is professional knowledge?

learning on the job

applying behavior, knowledge, and skills acquired during a learning event the ability to effectively use acquired content knowledge and skills

learning transfer

this is the most common and efficient whole group teaching strategy

lecture

repeating the practice over and over in a short span of time

massed practice

What is the most common measure of central tendency?

mean

In order to know whether the learning objectives of the unit have been met, the objectives must be _________________________.

measured/measurable

the process of thinking about our thinking and how we learned information

metacognition

a teaching method that helps aid a student's ability to store and retrieve factual information

mnemonic

what is the most appropriate strategy for helping students master a concept?

modelling the strategy with concrete examples

what are some examples of ipsative assessments?

musical competitions, athletic events

Should homework be a source of learning new material?

no. Homework should be a review of the concepts covered in class. Homework should not take hours to complete and the content should match the amount of time it requires to complete

When a student is misbehaving, is asking them to explain WHY they are misbehaving an appropriate response to managing the situation?

no; the student has already ignored the teacher's expectations

what type of test is best used to compare large groups of students?

norm-referenced

a test designed to compare a student's score with the average score of a specified group

norm-referenced test

rules that apply to everyong

norms

A student who turns in homework with blatant errors is either asking for help or acting out. In either instance, what should be the course of action?

notify the parents and encourage them to ensure homework is done at home

a description of the desired results of learning

objective

what the student is supposed to learn

objective

what does curriculum contain?

objectives, sample lessons, assessments, procedures, materials/equipment needed, activities, samples of student work

What is an effective cognitive strategy for teaching students how to correctly spell words? (non-specific)

one that uses a specific routine that gets results

what is a student-centered lesson?

one where the student does most of the work (accomplishing a task) students are motivated, active learners students are allowed to talk and answer questions

What is a teacher-centered lesson plan?

one where the teacher does most of the work students are passive learners Example= lecture

what is a reluctant learner?

one who is unmotivated or unengaged

When starting a new unit, what types of questions should a teacher ask?

ones that have verifiable answers in order for students to build a store of information to pull from at a later time

When is an appropriate time to introduce the organizational structure of content?

only after students have been given specific information about the topic this helps students to make sense of the organizational structure

what is partial reinforcement?

only sometimes reinforcing a behavior

when should class rules be changed?

only when necessary

Which type of questions are theoretical questions with hypothetical answers? Usually contain more than one answer

open-ended questions

the rate at which progress is made through curriculum or at which the teacher conducts individual lessons

pacing

a type of instructional response that restates or summarizes a student answer using different wording.

paraphrasing

Next to students, who are the best consumers of educational services?

parents

the science of teaching

pedagogy

the score at or below which scores fall

percentile

What does a +1.0 correlation coefficient indicate?

perfect positive relationship; when A goes up, B also goes up

what type of assessment can be used to display student growth over time?

portfolio

When speaking with parents, what should you be prepared with in regards to improving student progress?

possible interventions

What are some examples of formative assessments?

practice tests, classwork, self-reflection activities, anecdotal records

the purpose of training students is to...

prepare students to apply what they have learned

what is a rule relationship?

principles, laws, correlations

_____________ learning always influences new learning.

prior

who can help you get to know your students?

prior teachers, counselors, administrators, other colleagues

questions that require students to think about their answers and to answer in a more complex or complete manner than their initial response

probing questions

What are the key elements in classroom management?

procedures

a successful teacher views discipline as a ___________________ and a ________________________.

process; product

if students are struggling meeting the objectives, what should a teacher do?

provide additional help and work on weak areas together

What is a great nonverbal cue that shows the teacher has recognized something that needs attention but also gives the student opportunity to correct the behavior on the spot?

proximity

what disciplinary strategy is LEAST disruptive to the lesson flow?

proximity

When a student is not paying attention to the lesson, but not disrupting other students, what is the correct course of action?

proximity; this indicates you have noticed the behavior

How is the Interquartile Range calculated?

quartile 3 - quartile 1 the difference between the upper and lower quartiles represents the bulk of the population of the data set

How should a teacher respond if a student asks a question that was previously asked in the class period?

re-state the answer using different language and examples

an instructional approach in which students learn to ask teacher-type probing questions

reciprocal teaching

WHen a student appears to be under a great deal of stress, what should be a teacher's first course of action?

refer the student to a professional help provider (like the school counselor)

How often should you inform parents of their students' progress?

regularly; for those who are struggling and for those who are doing well

if you continue to comment on habitually disruptive student behavior, you are actually doing what?

reinforcing the bad behavior student parents and admin should be involved to help the student realize their actions are deterimental

What should a teacher do in order to make homework a useful teaching tool?

review the work done in order to correct mistakes/misconceptions before introducing new content

why do students benefit from rule relationships?

rule relationships organize and categorize individual units of knowledge

temporary support, guidance, or assistance provided to a student on a new or complex task providing appropriate instructional interactions on new or complex tasks with a goal of leading to independence

scaffolding

our mental pictures that guide our behavior

schema

how a person sees himself/herself

self-concept

What does a teacher need to do in order to help students develop a concrete understanding of a rule relationship?

show them HOW and WHY the rule works

The ability to effect a meaningful, positive change with lasting effects is called what?

significance

an enactment that represents real life to the extent possible

simulation

asking students a series of questions designed to guide them toward understanding of a concept

socratic approach

What are some examples of performance assessments?

speeches, debates, hands-on problem solving, original compositions, essays, illustrations

what lesson plans are designed to meet or achieve

standards

What are some examples of criterion-referenced assessments?

statewide exams, driving test, citizenship test; any exam where you are considered proficient or not

a phase of instruction that occurs after the teacher explicitly models, demonstrates, or introduces a new skill or strategy phase where students practice new skills/strategies under teacher supervision while also receiving feedback on performance

structured/guided practice

telling students what they will be covering in class helps to focus what?

student attention

the manner in which students conduct themselves

student deportment

What cannot be maintained if the students know the teacher will provide all the answers to their own questions?

student interest

Which is more effective for transfer of learning- a teacher-centered lesson or a student-centered lesson?

student-centered

A teacher should position themselves so that they can see as many __________________ as possible.

students

New teachers can learn a lot from __________________ teachers.

successful

the assessment that comes at the end of a body of learning and is usually used to determine success or failure

summative assessment

a teaching model that encourages students to see old ideas in new ways

synectics

1. allocating sufficient time for essential skills 2. organizing lessons to prevent confusion 3. introducing manageable and sequential units 4. identifying prerequisite skills and building on prior knowledge 5. reviewing previously taught skills 6. integrating old knowledge with new knowledge 7. progressing skills from easier to more complex

systematic instruction

Any time that a student must ________________ a concept, they learn more about it.

teach

What is an effective strategy to provide students who are anxious about test taking?

tell them to complete the easier problems first, then working on harder problems

a subtle disciplinary strategy that includes non-blinking eye contact with the misbehaving student

the "evil eye"

What is reliability in regards to assessment?

the ability of the assessment to replicate the same results

In Piaget's learning cycle, exploration is what?

the beginning of instruction addresses the concrete level of thinking- lower order thinking skills teacher's job is to replace misconceptions with correct knowledge

What should dictate your conversation with parents when their students are struggling?

the data at hand

what does it mean if data is positively skewed?

the data favors the left side of the curve; a higher concentration of lower scores

what does it mean if data is negatively skewed?

the data favors the right side of the curve; a higher concentration of higher scores

what is the standard error of measurement?

the difference between the actual score that a student achieves and the hypothetical score they COULD achieve

the most important educational document

the lesson plan

what is the mean of a data set?

the mathematical average of all the scores

What is standard deviation?

the mean of the mean the measure of the spread of scores around the mean in a normal curve

What is the most accurate measure of central tendency?

the median

what is the best descriptor of central tendency of a data set?

the median it is not affected by extreme data points

What does a normal curve tell us about the mean and median?

the median is equal to the mean

what is the median of a data set?

the middle value of the data set

What is the mode of a data set?

the most frequently occuring score

What drives the lesson, the activity or the objective?

the objective

All students should be accountable for learning what?

the objectives

What is the most common type of predictive correlation?

the pearson coefficient

anchor papers

the reference for all other work; what is expected by students

if behavior problems involve individual students, who should benefit from rewards?

the rest of the class

What are parents most concerned with when it comes to their child's progress?

the students' weaknesses how to help their child succeed

In Piaget's learning cycle, concept introduction is...

the teaching stage the guided discovery stage- students are constructing meaning based on the teacher's lessons

what is a subjective question?

there is more than one correct answer

What does a 0.0 correlation mean?

there is no correlation between the two variables; the data points on a scatter plot are random or circular

what is an objective question?

there is only ONE correct answer

Students learn best when...

they are actively involved the teacher should not be more involved than the students

If the standard deviation of a data set is a small number, what does this tell you about the data points?

they are clustered around the mean if it is a large number, the data points are widely spread

How are students grouped when they are differentiated?

they are grouped by academic need

most people do not transfer what they have learned unless...

they are required or encouraged to do so

Students should be provided time to do what before they work independently on homework?

they need time to practice what they have learned and be provided feedback

How much time do students need to think through an answer to a question?

they need various amounts of time allowing students to answer right away stops the thinking process for other students

Disruptive students benefit from what kind of expectations?

those that are clear and consistently enforced

probing questions promote...

thoughtful inquiry deeper thinking by the student

what is the most efficient way to impart information that the whole group needs?

through lecture

When a student has been absent for awhile, what is the most important accommodation to provide them?

time to complete past assignments

What was the purpose of No Child Left Behind and the Every Student Succeeds Act?

to create a standardized curriculum for each subject area

What is the appropriate use for an outline?

to organize a LINEAR discussion or argument

When should you use a flow chart?

to show a process with multiple steps/options

the ability to apply knowledge in new situations

transfer

What is a token economy?

type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens (stickers, tickets, privileges)

What is a raw score?

Actual score before manipulation.

an instructional response that imparts advice to the students

Advisory

the feelings, emotions, and attitudes of individuals

Affective Domain

Encouragement and sympathy do not correct bad behavior _________________.

Effectively

The highest level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as: assess, create, compare, solve, judge, recommend, rate, relate, criticize, evaluate, summarize, appraise.

Evaluate

Objectives should be specific enough that they can be used as ____________ questions.

Exam