ABD Review #3

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as the: Select one: a. Thyroglossal duct b. Branchial cleft c. Yodeler's lobe d. Pyramidal lobe

Pyramidal lobe

Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the: Select one: a. Pouch of Douglas b. Vesicouterine pouch c. Space of Retzius d. Rectouterine pouch

Vesicouterine pouch

Which of the following is the duct that drains the submandibular gland? Select one: a. Stensen duct b. Wharton duct c. Seigel duct d. Partridge duct

Wharton duct

The vagina is located __ to the uterus: Select one: a. anterior b. posterior c. inferior d. medial

inferior

Dilated veins of a varicocele will measure: Select one: a. >8 mm b. >4 mm c. <2 mm d. >2 mm

>2 mm

All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except: Select one: a. A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the tarsals. b. Ganglion cysts typically appear sonographically as an incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement. c. Clinically, ganglion cysts may be hard to touch and painful. d. Ganglion cysts are often treated with an injection of corticosteroids.

A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the tarsals.

Which of the following best describes the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node? Select one: a. A hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum b. A rounded, echogenic structure with small calcifications c. A solid, hypoechoic mass that measures greater than 1 cm d. A solid, echogenic mass that measures less than 1 cm

A hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum

Which of the following at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object? Select one: a. Fluid b. Enhancement c. Dust d. Air

Air

What laboratory value can be assessed as a tumor marker to evaluate a patient for testicular malignancy? Select one: a. Serum bilirubin b. Amylase c. Alpha-Fetoprotein d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Alpha-Fetoprotein

The segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs is the: Select one: a. Cornu b. Fimbria c. Interstitial d. Ampulla

Ampulla

The outer layer of the endometrium is the: Select one: a. Myometrium b. Endometrial cavity c. Functional layer d. Basal layer

Basal layer

The space of Retzius is located: Select one: a. Between the uterus and bladder b. Between the bladder and ilium c. Along the lateral aspect of the uterus d. Between the bladder and pubic bone

Between the bladder and pubic bone

The most superior and widest portion of the uterus is the: Select one: a. Corpus b. Isthmus c. Cervix d. Fundus

Fundus

All of the following are hormones produced by the thyroid except: Select one: a. Thyroxine b. Iodine c. Triiodothyronine d. Calcitonin

Iodine

The short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the: Select one: a. Ampulla b. Fimbria c. Infundibulum d. Isthmus

Isthmus

The left ovarian vein drains directly into the: Select one: a. Right renal vein b. Inferior vena cava c. Aorta d. Left renal vein

Left renal vein

Secondary varicoceles are most likely associated with all of the following except: Select one: a. Left-sided location b. Right-sided location c. Hepatomegaly d. Renal mass

Left-sided location

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating ovarian volume? Select one: a. Length × width × height × 0.6243 b. Length × width × height × 0.3899 c. Length × width × height × 0.5233 d. Ovarian volume cannot be calculated

Length × width × height × 0.5233

Prolapse of the pelvic organs most often involves the: Select one: a. Rectus abdominis and obturator internus muscles b. Levator ani and coccygeus muscles c. Obturator internus and levator ani muscles d. Piriformis and iliopsoas muscles

Levator ani and coccygeus muscles

A 45-year-old female patient presents to the sonography department with a palpable neck mass 6 months following a thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma. Which of the following would be the most likely etiology of the palpable mass? Select one: a. Torticollis b. Lymphadenopathy c. Sialadenitis d. Graves disease

Lymphadenopathy

The first menstrual cycle is termed: Select one: a. Amenorrhea b. Metrorrhagia c. Mittelschmerz d. Menarche

Menarche

All of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except: Select one: a. Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic. b. A linear array transducer should be used. c. Most foreign bodies are better visualized using a standoff pad. d. Comet-tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects.

Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic

The surgical removal of a fibroid is termed: Select one: a. Hysterosonogram b. Total abdominal hysterectomy c. Myomectomy d. Uterine artery embolization

Myomectomy

All of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except: Select one: a. Myometrial cysts b. Infertility c. Palpable pelvic mass d. Menorrhagia

Myometrial cysts

The paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the: Select one: a. Fallopian ducts b. Wolffian ducts c. Gartner ducts d. Müllerian ducts

Müllerian ducts

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage except: Select one: a. No intratesticular flow b. Small hyperechoic mass adjacent to the testis c. Reactive hydrocele d. Scrotal wall thickening

No intratesticular flow

Which of the following is a clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to evaluate the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip? Select one: a. Graf b. Ortolani c. Barlow d. Thompson

Ortolani

The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the: Select one: a. Cardinal ligament b. Ovarian ligament c. Broad ligament d. Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Ovarian ligamen

A 24-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. The sonographic examination reveals an enlarged ovary with no detectable Doppler signal. What is the most likely diagnosis? Select one: a. Ovarian cystadenocarcinoma b. Cystic teratoma c. Ovarian torsion d. Endometriosis

Ovarian torsion

Which of the following would not be a cause of AUB? Select one: a. Endometrial hyperplasia b. Hypothyroidism c. Adenomyosis d. Ovarian torsion

Ovarian torsion

A patient presents to the sonography department for a penile sonogram. He complains of a painful curvature of the penis and impotence. What is the most likely diagnosis? Select one: a. Squamous cell carcinoma b. Peyronie disease c. Tinner syndrome d. Testicular fracture

Peyronie disease

The muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram include the: Select one: a. Rectus abdominis and obturator internus muscles b. Levator ani and coccygeus muscles c. Obturator internus and levator ani muscles d. Piriformis and iliopsoas muscles

Piriformis and iliopsoas muscles

The bilateral muscles that are located posterior to and extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter are the: Select one: a. Levator ani muscles b. Rectus abdominis muscles c. Obturator internus muscles d. Piriformis muscles

Piriformis muscles

Which of the following hormones is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle? Select one: a. LH b. FSH c. hCG d. Progesterone

Progesterone

The first phase of the endometrial cycle is the: Select one: a. Secretory phase b. Follicular phase c. Luteal phase d. Proliferative phase

Proliferative phase

What is the most common cancer found in men? Select one: a. Testicular cancer b. Lung cancer c. Liver cancer d. Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer

The uterine arteries supply blood to all of the following except: Select one: a. Fallopian tubes b. Rectum c. Ovaries d. Uterus

Rectum

The arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the: Select one: a. Radial arteries b. Spiral arteries c. Straight arteries d. Arcuate arteries

Spiral arteries

Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe? Select one: a. Sternocleidomastoid b. Longus colli c. Sternohyoid d. Omohyoid

Sternocleidomastoid

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of: Select one: a. Hyperemic flow b. Tendosynovitis c. Cartilaginous inflammation d. Cartilaginous extension

Tendosynovitis

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? Select one: a. The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon. b. The calf is squeezed and the foot should not plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon. c. The Achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon. d. The Achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should not plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon.

The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon.

All of the following will aid in the sonographic assessment of an Achilles tendon except: Select one: a. The patient lies prone, with his or her feet hanging off the end of the bed. b. Both the symptomatic and asymptomatic Achilles tendons should be scanned for comparison. c. The entire tendon should be evaluated in sagittal and transverse scan planes. d. The patient is scanned standing, with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side.

The patient is scanned standing, with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

Which of the following is true about patients with a lipoma? Select one: a. They often complain of pain in the area of the mass. b. They are often obese. c. They are only slightly tender in the area of the mass. d. They feel no pain in the area of the mass.

They feel no pain in the area of the mass

A 23-year-old man presents to the sonography department with a history of infertility. Which of the following is associated with male infertility? Select one: a. Spermatocele b. Choriocarcinoma c. Varicocele d. Hydrocele

Varicocele

A dilated group of veins found within the scrotum is called a: Select one: a. Varicocele b. Spermatocele c. Seminoma d. Hydrocele

Varicocele

What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility? Select one: a. Varicocele b. Chlamydia c. Hydrocele d. Testicular torsion

Varicocele

The corpus luteum primarily releases: Select one: a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. LH d. FSH

Progesterone

Which of the following is typically not a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis? Select one: a. Amenorrhea b. Dysmenorrhea c. Dyspareunia d. Menometrorrhagia

Amenorrhea

The largest part of the uterus is the: Select one: a. Corpus b. Isthmus c. Cervix d. Fundus

Corpus

The location of a fibroid within the myometrium is termed: Select one: a. Submucosal b. Intracavitary c. Subserosal d. Intramural

Intramural

Which of the following is the most common form of thyroid cancer? Select one: a. Follicular b. Anaplastic c. Lymphoma d. Papillary

Papillary

With which of the following is elevated serum calcium associated? Select one: a. Graves disease b. Thyroglossal duct cyst c. Parathyroid adenoma d. Thyroid adenoma

Parathyroid adenoma

Pus within the fallopian tube is termed: Select one: a. Hematosalpinx b. Pyosalpinx c. Hydrosalpinx d. Hemosalpinx

Pyosalpinx

A 55-year-old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling, and abnormal uterine bleeding. A pelvic sonogram reveals a large, multiloculated cystic mass with papillary projections. What is the most likely diagnosis? Select one: a. Serous cystadenocarcinoma b. Cystic teratoma c. Androblastoma d. Dysgerminoma

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than __________is indicative of thyroid enlargement. Select one: a. 8 mm b. 5 mm c. 12 mm d. 10 mm

10 mm

Ovulation typically occurs on day — of the menstrual cycle. Select one: a. 12 b. 14 c. 16 d. 1

14

The average menstrual cycle lasts: Select one: a. 45 days b. 24 days c. 26 days d. 28 days

28 days

Which gland is located immediately anterior to the ear? Select one: a. Submandibular gland b. Sublingual gland c. Thyroid gland d. Parotid gland

: Parotid gland

The uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes: Select one: a. Anteflexion b. Anteversion c. Retroflexion d. Retroversion

Anteflexion

The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a: Select one: a. Hemangioma b. Lipoma c. Baker cyst d. Ganglion cyst

Baker cyst

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a: Select one: a. Branchial cleft cyst b. Follicular adenoma c. Thyroglossal duct cyst d. Parathyroid adenoma

Branchial cleft cyst

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as: Select one: a. Thyroxine b. Calcitonin c. Colloid d. Triiodothyronine

Colloid

Bullets, shrapnel, and other metallic objects may cause: Select one: a. Acoustic enhancement b. Comet-tail artifact c. Edge enhancement d. Mirror image artifact

Comet-tail artifact

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with adenomyosis except: Select one: a. Diffuse, enlarged uterus b. Myometrial cysts c. Hypoechoic areas adjacent to the endometrium d. Complex adnexal mass

Complex adnexal mass

The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is: Select one: a. LH b. Estrogen c. FSH d. GnRH

FSH

Sonographically, which of the following would most likely be confused for a pedunculated fibroid tumor because of its solid appearing structure? Select one: a. Serous cystadenoma b. Mucinous cystadenoma c. Fibroma d. Theca lutein cyst

Fibroma

With what ovarian tumor is Meigs syndrome most likely associated? Select one: a. Dysgerminoma b. Cystic teratoma c. Fibroma d. Yolk sac tumor

Fibroma

The fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube are called: Select one: a. Fimbria b. Infundibulum c. Cilia d. Ampulla

Fimbria

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism? Select one: a. Graves disease b. Hashimoto thyroiditis c. Papillary carcinoma d. Parathyroid adenoma

Graves disease

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels? Select one: a. Hemangioma b. Lipoma c. Hamartoma d. Oncocytoma

Hemangioma

A simple fluid collection surrounding the testis is referred to as a: Select one: a. Hematocele b. Hydrocele c. Varicocele d. Spermatocele

Hydrocele

What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase? Select one: a. Anechoic and thin b. Hyperchoic and thick c. Hypoechoic and thin d. Echogenic basil layer and hypoechoic functional layer

Hyperchoic and thick

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular torsion except: Select one: a. Hyperemic flow within the testis b. Hypoechoic testis c. Reactive hydrocele d. Decreased intratesticular flow (as compared with the asymptomatic testis)

Hyperemic flow within the testis

Which of the following best describes the most common sonographic appearance of gynecomastia? Select one: a. Hypoechioc, retroareolar mass b. Hyperechoic, exophytic mass c. Anechoic, retroareolar mass d. Hyperechoic, areolar mass

Hypoechioc, retroareolar mass

When the sonographic three-line sign is present, the functional layer of the endometrium typically appears: Select one: a. Anechioc b. Echogenic c. Hypoechoic d. Complex

Hypoechoic

Sonographically, normal muscle appears as: Select one: a. Hyperechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands b. Complex tissue that contains linear, hypoechoic strands c. Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands d. Echogenic tissue that contains linear, hypoechoic strands

Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of fat? Select one: a. Hemangioma b. Lipoma c. Hamartoma d. Oncocytoma

Lipoma

The second phase of the ovarian cycle is called the: Select one: a. Follicular phase b. Luteal phase c. Secretory phase d. Proliferative phase

Luteal phase

A complicated Baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as: Select one: a. Pannus b. Plicae c. Septation d. Lipoma

Pannus

Subluxation denotes: Select one: a. Synovial joint obstruction b. Partial hip dislocation c. Rupture of the bursa d. Inflammation of the acetabulum

Partial hip dislocation

Leiomyomas that project from a stalk are termed: Select one: a. Submucosal b. Intramural c. Subserosal d. Pedunculated

Pedunculated

What hormone maintains the thickness of the endometrium after ovulation? Select one: a. LH b. Estrogen c. Progesterone d. FSH

Progesterone

Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except: Select one: a. Left-sided location b. Retroperitoneal mass c. Infertility d. Palpable extratesticular mass

Retroperitoneal mass

Zinner syndrome consists of unilateral renal agenesis, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and Select one: a. Prostate cancer b. Seminoma c. Bulbourethral stones d. Seminal vesicle cysts

Seminal vesicle cysts

Which of the following is the most common malignancy of the ovary? Select one: a. Cystic teratoma b. Serous cystadenocarcinoma c. Krukenberg tumor d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

What ovarian mass is associated with virilization? Select one: a. Krukenberg tumor b. Cystic teratoma c. Serous cystadenoma d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Which of the following is the term for stones within the salivary duct? Select one: a. Sjögren syndrome b. Torticollis c. Cervical lymphadenopathy d. Sialolithiasis

Sialolithiasis

A common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the: Select one: a. Epididymal cyst b. Tunica albuginea cyst c. Spermatocele d. Seminoma

Spermatocele

Which muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect? Select one: a. Omohyoid b. Longus colli c. Sternocleidomastoid d. Infrahyoid

Sternocleidomastoid

Inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as: Select one: a. Tendosynovitis b. Tendonitis c. Cellulitis d. Pannus

Tendosynovitis

Acute onset of testicular pain at rest is a common clinical finding with: Select one: a. Testicular carcinoma b. Hydrocele c. Testicular trauma d. Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion

Which of the following is the hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid? Select one: a. Thyroxine b. Iodine c. Triiodothyronine d. Calcitonin

Thyroxine

During a sonographic examination of the right testis, you visualize multiple small cysts located along the mediastinum testis. What is the most likely diagnosis? Select one: a. Epididymitis b. Tubular ectasia of the rete testis c. Multiple spermatoceles d. Epidermoid cysts

Tubular ectasia of the rete testis

The hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is: Select one: a. Estrogen b. FSH c. LH d. hCG

hCG

The right ovarian artery branches off of the: Select one: a. Aorta b. Right renal artery c. Uterine artery d. Internal iliac artery

Aorta

Which of the following best describes a spermatocele? Select one: a. The most common malignant neoplasm of the scrotum b. A benign intratesticular cyst c. A cyst, found within the head of epididymis, that may contain debris d. A dilated group of veins found within the scrotum

A cyst, found within the head of epididymis, that may contain debris

Pseudoprecocious puberty may be associated with all of the following except: Select one: a. Ovarian tumor b. Adrenal tumor c. Liver tumor d. Brain tumor

Brain tumor

Hairlike projections within the fallopian tube are called: Select one: a. Interstitia b. Fimbria c. Cilia d. Peristalsis

Cilia

The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is the: Select one: a. Dermoid b. Fibroma c. Mucinous cystadenoma d. Yolk sac tumor

Dermoid

The right ovarian vein drains directly into the: Select one: a. Right renal vein b. Aorta c. Inferior vena cava d. Common iliac vein

Inferior vena cava