Abnormal Final Exam

Which statement is accurate regarding antisocial personality disorder? A) Most who have it are not treated, and most who are treated are not helped much. B) Most who have it are not treated, but most who are treated are helped substantially. C) Most who have it are treated, but most who are treated are not helped much. D) Most who have it are treated, and most who are treated are helped substantially.

A) Most who have it are not treated, and most who are treated are not helped much.

Which statement about genetic factors in schizophrenia is accurate? A) Close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than distant relatives of those with schizophrenia. B) Fraternal twins have a higher concordance rate for schizophrenia than do identical twins. C) Those with schizophrenia who have been adopted are more like their adoptive parents than like their biological parents. D) Recent family studies eliminate the confounding of environment and genetics.

A) Close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than distant relatives of those with schizophrenia.

Which statement is TRUE regarding anorexia nervosa? A) Most people recover, but those who do not are most likely to die from starvation or suicide. B) Death from starvation is a common outcome in people with this condition. C) About half of all people with this condition will experience a life-threatening cardiac event. D) The death rate from anorexia has declined to less than 1 percent.

A) Most people recover, but those who do not are most likely to die from starvation or suicide.

The millennial generation is thought to be extremely self-centered, often posting photos of themselves online for others to admire. If this is true, a sociocultural theorist would predict a larger-than-usual percentage of which kind of personality disorder among this generation? A) narcissistic B) antisocial C) obsessive-compulsive D) Dependent

A) narcissistic

What is a pseudocommando mass murderer? A) a person who uses firearms while committing mass murder B) a person who expects to be killed while committing mass murder C) a person who forces others to engage in mass murder D) a member of the military in a noncombat zoneWhat is a pseudocommando mass murderer?

B) a person who expects to be killed while committing mass murder

Cruelty to animals and people, destruction of property, and truancy before the age of 15: A) may be best diagnosed as antisocial personality disorder. B) are characteristic of those later diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. C) predict later antisocial disorder with virtual certainty. D) seem unrelated to antisocial personality disorder.

B) are characteristic of those later diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.

Research has shown that, compared with other cognitive-behavioral techniques, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for substance use disorder is: A) more effective and the preferred treatment. B) at least as effective and sometimes more effective. C) typically less effective, except in cases of alcohol misuse. D) effective only when used in combination with biological treatments.

B) at least as effective and sometimes more effective.

If a person primarily fears close social relationships, one would MOST likely conclude that the person is experiencing: A) social phobia. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) both social phobia and avoidance personality disorder. D) a personality disorder from the dramatic cluster.

B) avoidant personality disorder.

The purpose of an antagonist drug is to: A) block pain receptors throughout the body. B) block or change the effect of an addictive drug. C) reduce withdrawal effects as one stops taking a drug. D) provide a placebo effect to replace a drug's effect.

B) block or change the effect of an addictive drug.

People with schizophrenia who wave their arms around in wild motions and make kicking motions with their legs are experiencing: A) catatonic stupor. B) catatonic excitement. C) catatonic rigidity. D) catatonic posturing.

B) catatonic excitement.

A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent personality disorder. The therapist who would be LEAST surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation? A) sociocultural B) cognitive-behavioral C) humanistic D) Psychodynamic-gestalt

B) cognitive-behavioral

A therapist prescribes a client a drug that causes the patient to vomit every time he drinks alcohol. This therapist is MOST likely a(n): A) psychodynamic therapist. B) cognitive-behavioral therapist. C) humanistic therapist. D) existential therapist.

B) cognitive-behavioral therapist.

The type of therapy that generally provides the LEAST amount of help for those with schizoid personality disorder is: A) family systems. B) drug. C) cognitive-behavioral. D) psychodynamic.

B) drug.

Tactile hallucinations are: A) feelings that something is happening inside the body. B) perceptions of tingling, burning, or electric-shock sensations. C) when food or drink tastes strange on a regular basis. D) odors that no one else smells.

B) perceptions of tingling, burning, or electric-shock sensations.

If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a typical example of antisocial personality disorder, you might have the character exhibit all of the following EXCEPT: A) incessant lying. B) periods of very high anxiety. C) persistent violation of others' rights. D) lack of conscience after committing crimes.

B) periods of very high anxiety.

Researchers found that phenothiazines reduced psychotic symptoms but also caused Parkinsonian symptoms, like tremors. This discovery suggests that: A) schizophrenia masks Parkinson's disease. B) schizophrenia is tied to excessive dopamine. C) excessive dopamine is tied to Parkinson's disease. D) schizophrenia causes the synthesis of excessive amounts of dopamine.

B) schizophrenia is tied to excessive dopamine.

_____ is a condition in which people show no emotions at all. A) Flat affect B) Blunted affect C) Avolition D) Anhedonia

A) Flat affect

Which is NOT one of the Big Five supertraits? A) anger B) neuroticism C) extraversion D) openness to experience

A) anger

A person with schizophrenia who says, "I have 'triscatitis' because the angular shape of my foreffit is diskiltered," is experiencing (note: the strange words are not real terms): A) loose associations. B) neologisms. C) perseveration. D) clang.

B) neologisms.

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are to _____, as negative symptoms are to _____. A) symptoms that can easily be treated; symptoms that are difficult to treat B) the presence of inappropriate behaviors; the absence of appropriate behaviors C) features that people consider to be good; features that people consider to be bad D) excess feelings of happiness and elation; excess feelings of sadness and depression

B) the presence of inappropriate behaviors; the absence of appropriate behaviors

_____ is defined as apathy, coupled with an inability to start or complete a course of action. A) Flat affect B) Blunted affect C) Avolition D) Anhedonia

C) Avolition

The personality disorder that is characterized by the need for undying love and admiration is: A) borderline. B) histrionic. C) narcissistic. D) schizotypal.

C) narcissistic.

People with alexithymia are NOT able to: A) tell when they are hungry. B) admit what is causing their eating disorder. C) put descriptive labels on what they are feeling. D) accurately represent how large they are.

C) put descriptive labels on what they are feeling.

The main difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder is: A) the severity of the symptoms that are present. B) the type of symptoms that are present. C) the duration of symptoms. D) the number of symptoms.

C) the duration of symptoms.

The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that: A) disorders of thought, perception, and attention are present. B) the personality traits are limited to discrete periods of illness. C) they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress. D) they are social in that they involve an inability to form lasting relationships with other people.

C) they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress.

Which statement BEST describes treatment for narcissistic personality disorder? A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy works best. B) Family therapy works best. C) Psychodynamic therapy works best. D) No form of therapy is clearly better than the others.

D) No form of therapy is clearly better than the others.

Researchers have found that substance use disorders are more common among some religious groups than others and generally are more common among some groups than among others. Together, these findings provide the MOST support for which view of substance use disorders? A) Sociocultural B) Biological C) Cognitive-behavioral D) Psychodynamic

A) Sociocultural

People with _____ personality disorder are emotionally unstable, impulsive, and reckless. A) borderline B) schizotypal C) obsessive-compulsive D) avoidant

A) borderline

Those with schizophrenia who stop responding to their environment and remain motionless and silent for long periods of time are experiencing: A) catatonic stupor. B) catatonic excitement. C) catatonic rigidity. D) catatonic posturing.

A) catatonic stupor.

Luke constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas he so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. If he were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it MOST likely would be: A) histrionic. B) borderline. C) antisocial. D) obsessive-compulsive.

A) histrionic.

Which trait is common in people with antisocial personality disorder? A) recklessness B) anxiety C) self-consciousness D) shyness

A) recklessness

The finding that the highest rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia? A) viral theory B) genetic theory C) dopamine theory D) biochemical theory

A) viral theory

Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. A) active B) positive C) negative D) psychomotor

B) positive

All the treatment methods for bulimia nervosa share the immediate goal of: A) changing distorted self-perceptions. B) addressing the underlying causes of the bulimic patterns. C) assisting patients to eliminate their binge-purge patterns. D) forcing patients to accept the responsibility for their actions.

C) assisting patients to eliminate their binge-purge patterns.

The viral explanation suggests that prenatal viral exposure produces _____ that are associated with the development of schizophrenia. A) hormonal imbalances B) traumatic stress C) brain abnormalities D) birth defects

C) brain abnormalities

Which is characteristic of MOST mass murderers? A) a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder B) previous imprisonment C) feelings of persecution and desire for revenge D) being under the influence of illegal substances while killing

C) feelings of persecution and desire for revenge

A study of college men showed that they describe the ideal male as _____ and the ideal female as _____. A) slim and trim; slim and trim B) muscular; muscular C) muscular; thin D) athletic; strong

C) muscular; thin

A patient in therapy who eats exactly eight pieces of bread that he has carefully made into balls of equal diameter is displaying a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to: A) schizophrenia. B) depression. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) substance abuse.

C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

EMTs responding to an emergency call find a person who has injected an overdose of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid. The BEST opioid antagonist to use in this situation is: A) dezocine. B) naltrexone. C) disulfiram. D) naloxone.

D) naloxone.

Cognitive-behavioral theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic personality disorder may have been treated: A) too positively in early life. B) too negatively in early life. C) either too positively or too negatively in early life. D) ambiguously and neglectfully in early life.

A) too positively in early life.

A person diagnosed with schizophrenia is not hospitalized, yet eventually shows complete remission of symptoms. This pattern is: A) typical of what happens in developing countries. B) typical of what happens in developed countries. C) unusual: not being hospitalized is typical in developing countries, but remission of symptoms is typical in developed countries. D) unusual: not being hospitalized is typical in developed countries, but remission of symptoms is typical in developing countries.

A) typical of what happens in developing countries.

Which statement is an example of a disturbed cognition that might be present in someone being treated for anorexia? A) "I don't talk about my feelings; I never have." B) "My weight and shape determine my value." C) "I am free to speak my mind and others shouldn't turn away." D) "Whatever I feel, she has to feel, too."

B) "My weight and shape determine my value."

A patient with schizophrenia who is mute, statue-like, and fails to participate in the hospital routine is MOST likely experiencing: A) Type I schizophrenia. B) Type II schizophrenia. C) schizoaffective disorder. D) delusional disorder.

B) Type II schizophrenia.

The medical problem that is twice as frequent in women with anorexia as it is in women with bulimia is: A) hair loss. B) amenorrhea. C) hypokalemia. D) esophageal bleeding.

B) amenorrhea.

Which personality disorder is marked by a general pattern of disregard for, and violation of, other people's rights? A) borderline B) antisocial C) histrionic D) narcissistic

B) antisocial

DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality disorders utilizing a: A) systematical approach. B) categorical approach. C) dimensional approach. D) phrenological approach.

B) categorical approach.

A belief that unrelated events pertain to oneself in some important way is known as: A) bodily illusions. B) ideas of reference. C) passive-aggressive disorder. D) backward masking.

B) ideas of reference.

The disorder that appears to be MOST closely related to the schizotypal personality disorder is: A) anxiety. B) schizophrenia. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

B) schizophrenia.

When researchers offered a choice of a thin doll or a chubby doll to preschoolers, the children chose the: A) doll that looks most like they do. B) thin doll but didn't know why. C) thin doll because they said they want to be thin themselves. D) chubby doll but didn't know why.

B) thin doll but didn't know why.

The MOST common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is: A) visual. B) tactile. C) auditory. D) olfactory.

C) auditory.

A friend of yours says, "A 15-year-old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder." Your accurate reply would be: A) "Yes, that kind of behavior often is associated with that diagnosis." B) "I don't think so; those with that diagnosis seldom engage in criminal activity." C) "Yes, and I'll bet that wasn't the only diagnosis, either." D) "No, the student is too young for that diagnosis."

D) "No, the student is too young for that diagnosis."

The inability to move limbs in catatonic schizophrenia illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. A) Active B) Positive C) Negative D) Psychomotor

D) Psychomotor

The central feature of bulimia nervosa is: A) excessive dieting and weight loss. B) fanatic exercising preceded by binge eating. C) purging either by vomiting or by using laxatives. D) binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior.

D) binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior.

Compared with someone who is happy and self-confident, a person who is bored and depressed is: A) more likely to eat nutritional food. B) equally likely to eat nutritional food as junk food. C) unable to discriminate junk food from nutritional food. D) more likely to eat junk food.

D) more likely to eat junk food.

The schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that:**** A) those with schizoid personality disorder seek close affiliations with others, while those with paranoid personality do not. B) paranoid personality disorder is treatable only through drug therapy; schizoid personality can be treated with psychotherapy. C) women are more likely to have schizoid personality disorder than paranoid personality disorder; the opposite is true for men. D) those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.

D) those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.

How is catatonic stupor related to loss of volition? A) Both appear to be behaviorally similar, but each has different underlying features. B) Both are negative symptoms of schizophrenia. C) Both rely on similar structures in the motor cortex. D) Both of these appear at similar points during the time-course of schizophrenia.

A) Both appear to be behaviorally similar, but each has different underlying features.

Which is NOT a problem in the use of the DSM-5 to diagnose personality disorders? A) The criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever, are used. B) People who act very differently may require the same diagnosis. C) There is considerable overlap of symptoms across many categories. D) Sometimes the diagnostician must try to figure out why a person does something.

A) The criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever, are used.

People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to: A) overestimate their body size. B) underestimate their body size. C) correctly estimate their body size. D) vary in accuracy in estimating their body size.

A) overestimate their body size.

Which condition is NOT associated with anorexia nervosa? A) Substance abuse B) A personality disorder C) Low self-esteem D) Anxiety

B) A personality disorder

_____ is characterized by difficulty establishing social ties, discomfort in social situations, and fear of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. A) Paranoid personality disorder B) Avoidant personality disorder C) Histrionic personality disorder D) Narcissistic personality disorder

B) Avoidant personality disorder

Assume a researcher finds that overuse of a drug reduces the body's production of neurotransmitters. Thus, if an abuser of this drug stops taking the drug, withdrawal symptoms occur until the brain begins producing normal levels of neurotransmitters again. Such a finding would most directly support which view of the cause of substance use disorders? A) Sociocultural B) Biological C) Opponent-process D) Behavioral

B) Biological

Which medical condition is MORE common in people with bulimia than those with anorexia? A) Amenorrhea B) Dental problems C) High potassium levels in the blood D) Growth of immature body hair

B) Dental problems

Downward drift is BEST reflected in which statement? A) Poverty and social disruption cause schizophrenia. B) Schizophrenia causes people to fall into poverty and social disruption. C) Genetic factors cause both schizophrenia and poverty. D) Schizophrenia causes marital disruption, which causes poverty.

B) Schizophrenia causes people to fall into poverty and social disruption.

Martin is a person with schizophrenia who feels ambivalent about most issues. He has no goals and does not seem to have the energy or interest to think about them. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is MOST likely suffering from: A) disturbances in affect. B) disturbances in volition. C) a disturbed sense of self. D) a disturbed relationship with the outside world.

B) disturbances in volition.

Anna shows no emotions when people tell her happy or sad stories and complains of hearing voices in her head telling her that the TV is spying on her. At times, she remains motionless in her chair for hours. When she does get out of her chair, she poses like the statue in the town square. Which of these represents a positive symptom of schizophrenia? A) showing no emotions B) hearing voices in her head C) remaining motionless D) posing like a statue

B) hearing voices in her head

People with _____ personality disorder are extremely emotional and seek to be the center of attention. A) antisocial B) histrionic C) schizoid D) schizotypal

B) histrionic

In the middle of a calm conversation, a person with Tourette's syndrome might suddenly begin shouting and follow that with a string of obscenities. This is similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called: A) blunted and flat affect. B) inappropriate affect. C) poverty of speech. D) loss of volition.

B) inappropriate affect.

Schizophrenia researchers have been: A) about equally successful in identifying biological and psychological origins of schizophrenia. B) more successful in identifying biological origins than psychological origins of schizophrenia. C) more successful in identifying psychological origins than biological origins of schizophrenia. D) frustratingly unsuccessful in identifying either biological or psychological origins of schizophrenia.

B) more successful in identifying biological origins than psychological origins of schizophrenia.

"I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the MOST appropriate diagnosis would be: A) histrionic personality disorder. B) narcissistic personality disorder. C) antisocial personality disorder. D) impulse-control personality disorder.

B) narcissistic personality disorder.

Ty is fairly handsome but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He doesn't care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. He is MOST likely experiencing: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) narcissistic personality disorder. C) schizotypal personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

B) narcissistic personality disorder.

Given that schizophrenia is associated with many gene sites, which of the following inferences is the MOST illogical? A) Schizophrenia is complex and varied, so it must be distributed across multiple gene sites. B) Polygenic disorders require the operation of multiple gene sites compared to disorders that are not polygenic. C) Eventually, research will narrow down the number of gene sites that are associated with schizophrenia to only a few. D) Some of the gene sites that are linked to schizophrenia may be purely coincidental and play no role in the disorder at all.

C) Eventually, research will narrow down the number of gene sites that are associated with schizophrenia to only a few.

The cognitive-behavioral view of schizophrenia: A) provides a complete explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia. B) provides no explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia. C) provides a partial explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia. D) has not been explored to further understand the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia.

C) provides a partial explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia.

A client receiving treatment for substance abuse keeps track of times the substance is used and develops strategies to deal with the substance when there is an opportunity to use it. The client is MOST likely receiving: A) contingency management training. B) aversion therapy. C) relapse-prevention training. D) Cognitive-Antagonist Training (CAT).

C) relapse-prevention training.

Johnathan a recovering heavy drinker, has been trained to identify the situations that might cause him to drink and to be aware of when he should stop drinking. This approach is known as: A) aversive therapy. B) ego-control therapy. C) relapse-prevention training. D) behavioral self-control training.

C) relapse-prevention training.

Which is NOT related to a fuller recovery from schizophrenia? A) treatment during the prodromal phase B) schizophrenia initially triggered by stress C) schizophrenia developing during late adolescence D) an abrupt beginning to the disorder

C) schizophrenia developing during late adolescence

Regarding emotions, the pattern common in bulimia from pre-binge, through binge, to post-binge is BEST described in sequence as: A) control, enjoyment, shame. B) relaxation, pleasure, enjoyment. C) tension, powerlessness, shame. D) shame, doubt, guilt.

C) tension, powerlessness, shame.

If schizophrenia depended solely on genetic make-up, then compared to rates of schizophrenia in siblings in general, fraternal twins should have: A) four times the concordance rate for schizophrenia. B) twice the concordance rate for schizophrenia. C) the same concordance rate for schizophrenia. D) half the concordance rate for schizophrenia.

C) the same concordance rate for schizophrenia.

Cocaine abusers on an inpatient ward earn rewards—and eventual release from the program—if they produce periodic urine samples that are free of the drug. The program they are in is a form of: A) behavioral self-control and initiative training (BSCIT). B) contingency management. C) mindful relapse-prevention training. D) detoxification.

B) contingency management.

Dr. Marsha Linehan was the developer of which type of therapy? A) cognitive-behavioral therapy B) dialectical behavior therapy C) mentalization D) group therapy

B) dialectical behavior therapy

Which statement is NOT generally true of those with antisocial personality disorder? A) They lie frequently. B) They are careless with money and often do not pay their debts. C) They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's. D) They have little regard for their own safety or the safety of others.

C) They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's.

What is the dark triad? A) traits that are present in the prison population B) the three personality clusters C) malicious traits that work together to produce offensive behavior D) personality disorder clusters that are quite distinct from one another

C) malicious traits that work together to produce offensive behavior

Which situation would be MOST likely to lead to a diagnosis of muscle dysmorphia? A) A man diets excessively, trying to have a body more like a woman's. B) A man exercises excessively to lose weight and muscle mass. C) A man who is excessively obese engages in binge eating. D) A man is muscular but does not see himself as being muscular, so he continues to strive for a perfect body.

D) A man is muscular but does not see himself as being muscular, so he continues to strive for a perfect body.

Holding an awkward and bizarre position for a long period of time defines: A) catatonic stupor. B) catatonic excitement. C) catatonic rigidity. D) catatonic posturing.

D) catatonic posturing.

"Be loyal to your family" was what the child heard all the time, along with, "You shouldn't and can't do it on your own, so don't even try." A cognitive-behaviorist would say this kind of upbringing would be MOST likely to produce which of the personality disorders in the child, when he or she reached adulthood? A) narcissistic B) antisocial C) avoidant D) dependent

D) dependent

Which problem is common in anorexia nervosa? A) Amenorrhea B) Increased heart rate C) High blood pressure D) Elevated body temperature

A) Amenorrhea

"I sit staring at a blank page, unable to make myself write a new multiple choice test item; I just don't seem to care." This behavior is like that of people with schizophrenia displaying the symptom called: A) avolition. B) ahedonia. C) inappropriate affect. D) flat affect.

A) avolition.

Axl has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Axl may be exhibiting: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) paranoid personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

A) schizoid personality disorder.

How is social withdrawal related to avolition? A) Both appear to be behaviorally different, but each has the same underlying features. B) Both are negative symptoms of schizophrenia. C) Both rely on the same structures in the motor cortex. D) Both of these appear at the same points during the time-course of schizophrenia.

B) Both are negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Which statement BEST describes the effects of compensatory behaviors that people with bulimia use in controlling weight? A) Vomiting immediately after eating prevents the absorption of 90 percent of calories consumed. B) Engaging in repeated vomiting leads to more frequent and intense binges due to the inability to feel sated. C) Using laxatives immediately after eating prevents absorption of 60 percent of calories consumed but caused increased fluid intake. D) Using diuretics regularly leads to long-term inability to absorb calories, even months after the person stops using them.

B) Engaging in repeated vomiting leads to more frequent and intense binges due to the inability to feel sated.

Why are people who take medication for schizophrenia often given medication that helps control shaking and tremors? A) Schizophrenia often leads to the development of Parkinsonism. B) Medication used to treat schizophrenia leads to Parkinson-like symptoms. C) Dopamine is used to treat both schizophrenia and Parkinsonism. D) Too little or too much dopamine (an imbalance) leads to Parkinsonism and schizophrenia.

B) Medication used to treat schizophrenia leads to Parkinson-like symptoms.

Poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal are all _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. A) Positive B) Negative C) Hallucinatory D) Psychomotor

B) Negative

There is a game called Moods where one acts out the mood listed on a card. Being encouraged to play this game is most like the treatment _____ might use for those with schizoid disorders. A) psychoanalytic therapists B) cognitive therapists C) behavioral therapists D) biological therapists

B) cognitive therapists

"If one receives a good deal of attention for unusual behaviors, is it any surprise those behaviors are strengthened?" This question would MOST likely be asked by what type of theorist? A) Biological B) cognitive-behavioral C) Psychodynamic D) Sociocultural

B) cognitive-behavioral

The main difference between hallucinations and delusions is that hallucinations: A) are more serious than delusions. B) involve perception and delusions involve belief. C) are more common early in the disorder and delusions more common later. D) are auditory and delusions are visual.

B) involve perception and delusions involve belief.

Schizotypal personality disorders differ from other odd personality disorders in that they are related to schizophrenia and: A) stress disorders. B) mood disorders. C) anxiety disorders. D) intellectual disorders.

B) mood disorders.

Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence supporting a genetic link to schizophrenia? A) higher concordance rates for identical twins than for fraternal twins B) similar concordance rates for identical twins raised in different environments and identical twins raised in the same environment C) higher concordance rates for children of parents who are both diagnosed with schizophrenia than for children from one parent diagnosed with schizophrenia D) similar concordance rates for fraternal twins and identical twins

B) similar concordance rates for identical twins raised in different environments and identical twins raised in the same environment

Avoidant personality disorder seems MOST closely related to: A) schizophrenia. B) social anxiety. C) mania. D) eating disorders.

B) social anxiety.

In which case is someone MOST likely to develop an eating disorder? A) If the person has a fraternal twin with anorexia nervosa B) If the person has a fraternal twin with bulimia nervosa C) If the person has an identical twin with anorexia nervosa D) If the person has an identical twin with bulimia nervosa

C) If the person has an identical twin with anorexia nervosa

A strange false belief that is firmly held despite evidence to the contrary is called a: A) hallucination. B) maladaptive attitude. C) delusion. D) loss of volition.

C) delusion.

Schizophrenia is to _____, as Parkinson's disease is to _____. A) negative symptoms; positive symptoms B) positive symptoms; negative symptoms C) increased dopamine activation; decreased dopamine activation D) decreased dopamine activation; increased dopamine activation

C) increased dopamine activation; decreased dopamine activation

When Janice drinks her milk, she is sure from the taste that someone put salt in it. Janice is most likely experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination. A) Somatic B) Auditory C) Olfactory D) Gustatory

D) Gustatory

What is the most direct evidence for a genetic explanation for substance use disorders? A) Surveys of adults with alcohol use disorder B) Higher rates of alcohol preference demonstrated in breeding studies C) The study finding that fraternal twins have a concordance rate of 30 percent for substance use disorder D) The study finding that individuals with substance use disorder are more likely to have an abnormal D2 receptor gene

D) The study finding that individuals with substance use disorder are more likely to have an abnormal D2 receptor gene

The inability to accurately interpret one's internal biological, emotional or physiological states is characteristic of both: A) schizophrenia and schizoid personality disorder. B) a mass murderer and self-injurious behavior. C) odd and dramatic personality disorders. D) borderline personality disorder and eating disorders.

D) borderline personality disorder and eating disorders.

Transported to the hospital after a suicide attempt, a man is later admitted to the hospital's psychiatric wing. His history showed other self-destructive behaviors and recklessness. MOST likely based on symptoms alone, if the man is diagnosed with a personality disorder, it will be: A) paranoid. B) avoidant. C) narcissistic. D) borderline.

D) borderline.

People with _____ are so preoccupied with order, perfection, and control that they lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency. A) dependent personality disorder B) borderline personality disorder C) avoidant personality disorder D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

People with _____ personality disorder deeply distrust other people and are suspicious of others' motives. A) antisocial B) avoidant C) borderline D) paranoid

D) paranoid

Digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) paranoid personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

D) schizotypal personality disorder.

The MOST realistic statement a person with anorexia would make following cognitive treatment is: A) "I expect to feel fat because of my illness." B) "I no longer feel fat." C) "Although I'm fat, I like my body now." D) "I don't just feel fat; I am fat."

A) "I expect to feel fat because of my illness."

Which person would be MOST likely to cut out sweets, then eliminate more and more types of foods, but not engage in forced vomiting? A) Someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa B) Someone experiencing purging-type anorexia C) Someone experiencing bulimia nervosa D) Someone experiencing acute-type bulimia

A) Someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa

In general, the closer that people are genetically related to someone with schizophrenia, the more likely they are to be diagnosed with schizophrenia as well. This is evidence of _____ between a schizophrenia diagnosis and the degree of closeness of relationship. A) a positive correlation B) a negative correlation C) a causal relationship D) no clear relationship

A) a positive correlation

Hallucinations are to _____, as delusions are to _____. A) cognition; emotion B) perceptions; beliefs C) positive symptoms; negative symptoms D) psychosis; neurosis

B) perceptions; beliefs

What is the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins? A) 2-5 percent B) 15-18 percent C) 40-50 percent D) 60-70 percent

C) 40-50 percent

A person with bulimia nervosa just binge ate a large assortment of desserts. If the person were to verbalize his or her feelings immediately after the binge, what would the person MOST likely say? A) "I know I shouldn't eat that much in one sitting, but since I barely ate yesterday, it's okay." B) "I have so much energy. I'm ready to tackle that new project I've been putting off." C) "I should probably exercise for an extra 30 minutes tonight." D) "I can't believe I just did that. I'm disgusting and hopeless."

D) "I can't believe I just did that. I'm disgusting and hopeless."

If a therapist thought that eating disorders were BEST explained by an interaction of sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors, that therapist would be taking which type of perspective? A) Monodimensional B) Multidimensional C) Cognitive-behavioral D) Outdated

B) Multidimensional

Which statement is the WEAKEST in explaining the relationship between mental illness and substance abuse? A) Substance abuse may be a cause of mental illness. B) One's personality leads to both mental illness and substance abuse. C) People with a mental illness use substances as a means of self-medication. D) The use of substances could make the symptoms of mental illness more severe.

B) One's personality leads to both mental illness and substance abuse.

A key principle of the Body Project is to evoke dissonance in the participants. Which activity is MOST likely to cause a participant to feel dissonance? A) Listening to an expert explain how the thin ideal is used in advertising B) Posting an online essay critiquing the thin ideal displayed in a fashion ad C) Privately considering the negative influences of the thin ideal on young girls D) Watching someone electronically alter the body shape of a person in an online photo

B) Posting an online essay critiquing the thin ideal displayed in a fashion ad

Somatic hallucinations are: A) feelings that something is happening inside the body. B) perceptions of tingling, burning, or electric-shock sensations. C) when food or drink tastes strange on a regular basis. D) odors that no one else smells.

A) feelings that something is happening inside the body.

Does research support the assumption that there is a "schizophrenia gene"? A) No, schizophrenia is probably a polygenic disorder, and researchers have not pinpointed the exact gene yet. B) No, schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder, and we know the exact genes. C) Yes, schizophrenia is a monogenic disorder, although we don't know the exact gene yet. D) Yes, schizophrenia is a monogenic disorder, and we know the exact gene.

A) No, schizophrenia is probably a polygenic disorder, and researchers have not pinpointed the exact gene yet.

Dr. Hoover often prescribes patients many drugs. However, there are some exceptions. What is the MOST likely reason that Dr. Hoover seldom prescribes drugs when treating clients with borderline personality disorder? A) The risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose. B) In most cases, drugs seem to make aggressiveness even worse. C) In most cases, drugs seem to make emotional outbursts even more extreme. D) The therapist is unaware that drugs are always used in combination with dialectical behavior therapy, the most effective therapy for those with borderline personality disorder.

A) The risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose.

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people? A) They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors. B) They include personality traits not experienced by typical people. C) They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic medication. D) They are caused by epigenetic processes.

A) They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors

What is the significance of the 1940s study by Keys et al. in which healthy individuals placed on a semistarvation diet developed a preoccupation with food? A) This study supports the idea that a preoccupation with food is a result of starvation. B) This study demonstrates that a preoccupation with food is a natural event and not of medical concern. C) This study shows that healthy individuals are likely to develop anorexia nervosa when placed on a semistarvation diet. D) This study suggests that a preoccupation with food is a distinguishing characteristic between those with anorexia nervosa and those without it.

A) This study supports the idea that a preoccupation with food is a result of starvation.

If a person were looking at a photograph of herself and adjusting the size until she thought the picture looked like herself, she would MOST likely be participating in an assessment of her: A) accuracy in estimating body size. B) self-esteem. C) readiness for therapy. D) susceptibility to societal stereotypes.

A) accuracy in estimating body size.

The major disadvantage of using forced tube-feeding for patients with eating disorders who refuse to eat is that the patients may: A) become distrustful of the medical establishment and uncooperative with further treatment. B) actually lose more weight than if they were not force-fed. C) gain weight too quickly. D) be diagnosed with bulimia.

A) become distrustful of the medical establishment and uncooperative with further treatment.

"That personality disorder has become so common, I encounter it almost every day in the emergency room." MOST likely, this doctor is talking about which personality disorder? A) borderline B) antisocial C) schizoid D) avoidant

A) borderline

A person experiencing paranoid personality disorder frequently says things like, "You've got to get them before they get you," and "People have been sinners since the Garden of Eden." If these sayings reflect maladaptive assumptions the person has about people in general, the theorist who would be LEAST surprised would have which theoretical position? A) cognitive-behavioral B) Biological C) Sociocultural D) Psychodynamic

A) cognitive-behavioral

The MOST common cognitive disturbance seen in individuals with anorexia nervosa is a: A) distorted body image. B) revulsion toward food. C) major clinical depression. D) distorted view of others.

A) distorted body image.

Recently, the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that: A) effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin, glutamate, and GABA, as well as dopamine. B) excessive dopamine activity contributes to only some kinds of schizophrenia. C) atypical antipsychotic drugs work exclusively on dopamine receptors. D) those with catatonic schizophrenia respond better to atypical than to traditional antipsychotic drugs.

A) effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin, glutamate, and GABA, as well as dopamine.

Evidence suggests that restricted affect among those with schizophrenia may reflect the inability to _____ emotions, not the inability to _____ them. A) express; feel B) feel; express C) label; express D) feel; label

A) express; feel

Sociocultural perspectives differ from other perspectives of schizophrenia because they focus exclusively on factors that are: A) external to the individual. B) internal to the individual. C) unrelated to psychological factors. D) difficult to measure.

A) external to the individual.

If genetics plays a strong role in the development of cocaine abuse, we would expect to find the lowest concordance rates for cocaine abuse among: A) genetically unrelated pairs of people. B) parents and their children. C) identical twins. D) siblings of the same gender.

A) genetically unrelated pairs of people.

"Beatlemania" gripped the United States in the 1960s, when the British rock group The Beatles performed; adoring fans screamed, sometimes fainted, and shouted exaggerated, emotional praise at the group. These behaviors MOST closely resemble the characteristics of: A) histrionic personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) schizoid personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

A) histrionic personality disorder.

People with avoidant personality disorder have difficulty _____ relationships, whereas people with dependent personality disorder have difficulty _____ relationships. A) initiating; ending B) ending; initiating C) ending; maintaining D) seeking; initiating

A) initiating; ending

Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a: A) lower socioeconomic level. B) middle socioeconomic level. C) professional socioeconomic level. D) privileged (wealthy) socioeconomic level.

A) lower socioeconomic level.

According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia: A) people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present. B) people with certain psychosocial stressors will develop schizophrenia in the absence of a biological predisposition. C) biological predispositions for schizophrenia override any evidence for the importance of psychosocial stressors. D) people with certain biological predispositions will develop schizophrenia in the absence of psychosocial stressors.

A) people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present.

Type I schizophrenia is to _____, as Type II schizophrenia is to _____. A) positive symptoms; negative symptoms B) negative symptoms; positive symptoms C) prodromal phase; acute phase D) acute phase; prodromal phase

A) positive symptoms; negative symptoms

Which have sociocultural theorists suggested as a cause for the emergence of borderline personality disorder? A) rapid social change B) traditional family structures C) clinging and dependent parents D) nontraditional family structures

A) rapid social change

In general, aversion therapy and contingency management for substance use disorders are more successful when: A) the person receiving the therapy is highly motivated to continue. B) the behavioral treatments are not combined with other forms of treatment. C) the focus of therapy is strictly behavioral (not cognitive-behavioral). D) the clients are older than 18 years of age.

A) the person receiving the therapy is highly motivated to continue.

You might suspect an "era of narcissism" is approaching for a country when: A) there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness. B) preferences in women's and men's clothing undergo substantial shifts. C) there is a decline in materialism and individualism. D) the sale of inspirational DVDs, books, and tapes suddenly increases.

A) there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness.

Which professions put one at GREATEST risk for an eating disorder? A) Psychologists and psychiatrists B) Doctors and nurses C) Actors and certain athletes D) Dress designers and make-up artists

C) Actors and certain athletes

"Drug dependence often develops because one finds drug use rewarding when it reduces tension." A person with which view of substance abuse would likely agree the most strongly with this statement? A) Biological B) Sociocultural C) Cognitive-behavioral D) Psychodynamic

C) Cognitive-behavioral

Which statement most accurately reflects up-to-date research on DSM-5 categories of personality disorder? A) Diagnostic criteria for personality disorders have remained very consistent for many years. B) Passive-aggressive personality disorder remains the personality disorder easiest to diagnose and treat. C) Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis. D) Personality disorder clusters are quite distinct from one another.

C) Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis.

According to Hilde Bruch, which is an example of ineffective parenting that could make children prone to eating disorders? A) Parents feed children crying from hunger and comfort ones crying from fear. B) Parents feed children too much, regardless of whether they are crying. C) Parents feed anxious children and comfort tired ones. D) Parents feed children too little.

C) Parents feed anxious children and comfort tired ones.

People who do not have anorexia and are placed on a starvation diet show many of the food preoccupations of people with anorexia nervosa. Which conclusions can be drawn from this finding? A) Restrictive diets cause anorexia nervosa. B) Preoccupation with food cannot be viewed as a defining characteristic of anorexia. C) Preoccupation with food is likely the result of starvation, rather than the underlying cause of anorexia. D) Forced starvation increases the likelihood of developing anorexia nervosa.

C) Preoccupation with food is likely the result of starvation, rather than the underlying cause of anorexia.

If future editions of the DSM change to a dimensional approach in the diagnosis of personality disorders, what action will be required of clinicians? A) They will not have do anything differently than they are doing now in diagnosing personality disorders. B) They will have to observe the criteria for diagnoses directly. C) They will need to rate the degree of dysfunction caused by each person's traits in diagnosing personality disorders. D) They will have to utilize categories versus a dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders.

C) They will need to rate the degree of dysfunction caused by each person's traits in diagnosing personality disorders.

Lasting improvement for a person with anorexia nervosa depends on: A) ensuring that the person follows a high-protein diet. B) providing long-term drug therapy over several years. C) addressing underlying psychological problems. D) recognizing the need to give up control.

C) addressing underlying psychological problems.

"I have this vague sense that something isn't right, but I just can't describe it," is a statement MOST likely said by someone experiencing: A) exposure to response intervention. B) an enmeshed family. C) alexithymia. D) a weight set point.

C) alexithymia.

The use of a food diary to keep track of eating behavior in the treatment of patients with bulimia is MOST likely to be used by a therapist who relies on the: A) cognitive perspective. B) interpersonal perspective. C) behavioral perspective. D) psychodynamic perspective.

C) behavioral perspective.

People who are overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing: A) binge-purge disorder. B) anorexia-bulimia disorder. C) binge eating disorder. D) noncompensatory binge disorder.

C) binge eating disorder.

Camila felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and empty. Camila's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with which personality disorder? A) obsessive-compulsive B) narcissistic C) borderline D) antisocial

C) borderline

A manager who feels anxious about speaking in front of large groups frequently has a couple of glasses of wine to relax before beginning to speak. This "medicinal" use of alcohol can be explained MOST easily: A) by opponent-process theory. B) through molecular biological analysis. C) by operant conditioning. D) as genetic predisposition.

C) by operant conditioning.

A therapist applies a small electric shock to a client every time that person is exposed to an image of a cigarette. The client develops an intense dislike of cigarettes and quits smoking. This therapy is based on: A) operant conditioning. B) modeling. C) classical conditioning. D) contingency management.

C) classical conditioning.

"The problem is that they assume they can't take care of themselves, so they think others have to meet their needs. This pattern of thinking is not very helpful in trying to deal with histrionic personality disorder." A psychologist from which perspective would agree MOST strongly with this quote? A) biological B) sociocultural C) cognitive-behavioral D) object relations

C) cognitive-behavioral

A patient with anorexia who says, "My self-worth is not dependent on my weight," has most likely received: A) antidepressant medications. B) exposure and response prevention. C) cognitive-behavioral therapy. D) treatment for family enmeshment.

C) cognitive-behavioral therapy.

A woman proclaims, "I am the Virgin Mary, and I've come to give birth to a new savior." This person is MOST likely experiencing: A) delusions of reference. B) delusions of persecution. C) delusions of grandeur. D) delusions of control.

C) delusions of grandeur.

Which disorder is characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of and a fear of separation? A) paranoid personality disorder B) histrionic personality disorder C) dependent personality disorder D) narcissistic personality disorder

C) dependent personality disorder

If parents excessively reinforce clinging and punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) borderline personality disorder. C) dependent personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

C) dependent personality disorder.

Changes in body image among African American women and among women in non-Westernized cultures support the idea that _____ has/have a strong influence on body image. A) genetic similarities B) cognitive distortions C) exposure to white U.S. culture D) the impact of gender

C) exposure to white U.S. culture

Psychodynamic therapies may not be very effective in the treatment of substance use disorders because: A) they teach only new behaviors, not new thought patterns. B) they teach only new thought patterns, not new behaviors. C) finding the cause of a substance use disorder is less important than treating the use as an independent problem. D) psychodynamic therapists unilaterally reject any use of multidimensional treatment programs.

C) finding the cause of a substance use disorder is less important than treating the use as an independent problem.

Despite concerns regarding the use of methadone maintenance programs, those in favor of such programs commonly argue that they: A) create a more manageable form of addiction. B) are highly effective over a very short period. C) help reduce the spread of HIV and hepatitis C. D) enable patients to more easily "step down" their use.

C) help reduce the spread of HIV and hepatitis C.

The complete remission rate for those diagnosed with schizophrenia is: A) higher in developed countries than in developing countries, possibly because of better access to powerful antipsychotic drugs. B) higher in developed countries than in developing countries, possibly because of better access to hospitalization. C) higher in developing countries than in developed countries, possibly because of better family and social support. D) higher in developing countries than in developed countries, possibly because of decreased societal tolerance of positive symptoms.

C) higher in developing countries than in developed countries, possibly because of better family and social support.

Biologically speaking, if one wanted to treat antisocial personality disorder, one would want to _____ the individual with the disorder. A) reduce the degree of interpersonal sensitivity in B) identify those who are modeling antisocial personality disorder for C) increase the anxiety level of D) decrease the rewards available for the antisocial behavior in

C) increase the anxiety level of

Detoxification procedures may involve any of the following EXCEPT: A) giving the client other drugs to reduce substance withdrawal symptoms during detoxification. B) gradually reducing the dose of the substance the client uses. C) initially increasing the substance dose to make the substance aversive. D) treating the client in either an outpatient program or a "full-service" inpatient program.

C) initially increasing the substance dose to make the substance aversive.

A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, and ignores feedback. MOST likely, the client is experiencing: A) schizoid personality disorder and will not make much progress in therapy. B) schizoid personality disorder and will make a great deal of progress in therapy. C) narcissistic personality disorder and will not make much progress in therapy. D) narcissistic personality disorder and will make a great deal of progress in therapy.

C) narcissistic personality disorder and will not make much progress in therapy.

The five traits to be included in future revisions of the DSM-5 that utilize a dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders are: A) conscientiousness, negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition. B) disinhibition, psychoticism, antagonism, agreeableness, extroversion. C) negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism. D) detachment, extroversion, neuroticism, antagonism, conscientiousness.

C) negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism.

The set of uniquely expressed characteristics that influence behaviors, emotions, thoughts, and interactions that is unique to each individual is termed: A) a trait. B) character. C) personality. D) individuality.

C) personality.

People with _____ personality disorder display a range of interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities A) antisocial B) avoidant C) schizotypal D) schizoid

C) schizotypal

Serotonin levels are low in those with eating disorders and in those with obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. This means that: A) low serotonin causes all three disorders. B) all the disorders cause serotonin to decrease. C) there is a relationship, but no conclusive evidence of causation. D) if we raise serotonin levels, we will cure eating disorders.

C) there is a relationship, but no conclusive evidence of causation.

The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that: A) disorders of thought, sensation, perception, hallucination and attention are present. B) the personality traits are limited to discrete periods of illness. C) they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress. D) they are social in that they involve an inability to form lasting relationships with other people and unusual levels of social avoidance.

C) they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress.

With the help of a therapist, a client with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has experienced a dramatic decrease in both dichotomous thinking and worrying. The client's behavior is: A) common; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder seek help, and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy. B) common; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder seek help, and this person is most likely receiving psychodynamic therapy. C) uncommon; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help, and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy. D) uncommon; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help, and this person is most likely receiving psychodynamic therapy.

C) uncommon; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help, and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy.

Which statement is NOT true about anorexia nervosa? A) It usually follows a diet in someone who is of normal weight or slightly overweight. B) It can follow a stressful event such as divorce, a move from home, or a personal failure. C) Fatalities occur by suicide or serious medical problems due to starvation. D) About 35 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are male.

D) About 35 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are male.

A client is searching for the BEST treatment for borderline personality disorder. Will drug treatment be effective if it is the only intervention the client receives? A) Yes. Drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus psychotherapy and are less expensive. B) Yes. Drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus psychotherapy but are expensive. C) It might work, but only if the client is not suicidal. D) No. Drugs should be used along with psychotherapy, if used at all.

D) No. Drugs should be used along with psychotherapy, if used at all.

"Depression and eating disorders are correlated." What does this statement mean? A) Depression causes people to be more likely to have eating disorders. B) Eating disorders cause people to be more likely to be depressed. C) Poor parenting causes both eating disorders and depression. D) People with eating disorders also tend to experience depression.

D) People with eating disorders also tend to experience depression.

Which statement about schizophrenia is true? A) People with schizophrenia are often misdiagnosed as having dissociative identity disorder. B) People with schizophrenia hide their symptoms and can generally function well in a variety of contexts. C) Men are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than women. D) Psychosis is a key feature of schizophrenia, but it can also occur in other disorders.

D) Psychosis is a key feature of schizophrenia, but it can also occur in other disorders.

Which statement BEST describes effective therapy for treating borderline personality disorder? A) There is no effective therapy for borderline personality disorder. B) When using the psychodynamic approach, avoid relational therapy. C) Using drugs is a safe, effective way to treat the disorder. D) Research suggests that dialectical behavior therapy is the most effective.

D) Research suggests that dialectical behavior therapy is the most effective.

According to the principles of operant conditioning, if others consistently ignore a person's appropriate response to their social cues, what will happen? A) The person will develop delusions. B) The person will begin to experience auditory hallucinations. C) The person will regress to an earlier stage of development. D) The person will stop attending to social cues.

D) The person will stop attending to social cues.

People with which eating disorder are MOST likely to be obese? A) Those with bulimia nervosa B) Those with binge eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa C) Those with restricting-type anorexia nervosa D) Those with binge eating disorder

D) Those with binge eating disorder

Which statement is true regarding Type I versus Type II schizophrenia? A) Type I schizophrenia is significantly less common than Type II schizophrenia. B) Type I schizophrenia is slightly less common than Type II schizophrenia. C) Type I schizophrenia is slightly more common than Type II schizophrenia. D) Type I schizophrenia is significantly more common than Type II schizophrenia.

D) Type I schizophrenia is significantly more common than Type II schizophrenia.

"Let's try to figure out where clients fall on several key personality traits, rather than using a dichotomous classification system." Someone saying this would MOST likely favor which approach to classifying personality disorders? A) the traditional DSM-5 approach B) a psychodynamic approach C) a cognitive-behavioral approach D) a dimensional approach

D) a dimensional approach

Symptoms of postpartum psychosis appear to be triggered by: A) the sudden loss of social status a woman experiences immediately after giving birth. B) maternal diabetes, which is at its worst during and after birth. C) feelings of diminished worth, combined with anxiety related to child care. Symptoms of postpartum psychosis appear to be triggered by: D) a large shift in hormones occurring just after childbirth.

D) a large shift in hormones occurring just after childbirth.

The rates of eating disorders among African American women are rising to levels approaching the rates for non-Hispanic white Americans. This is MOST likely due to: A) increases in the availability of junk food. B) alexithymia. C) the increase in the number of men with eating disorders. D) acculturation.

D) acculturation.

Which would MOST clearly fit into the biosocial theory of the development of borderline personality disorder? A) an individual who has deficits in the functioning of both the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex B) an individual who has family members who display many of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder C) an individual who engages in self-injurious behavior while under the influence of illegal substances D) an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions

D) an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions

An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-5 diagnosis, it is MOST likely either: A) schizotypal personality disorder or a stress disorder. B) schizotypal personality disorder or a substance-related disorder. C) antisocial personality disorder or a stress disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.

D) antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.

Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder in a woman, one would MOST likely find that she had: A) recently given birth. B) gone through a period of intense criticism from her family. C) experienced a growth spurt. D) been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family.

D) been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family.

Damage to the prefrontal cortex would likely cause which symptom to be observed? A) fear and other negative emotions B) a thought disorder C) odd but imaginative language D) deficits in planning, self-control, and decision making

D) deficits in planning, self-control, and decision making

"The TV is making me think of the number 7" is to _____, as "Nobody believes that I am Saint Michael" is to _____. A) delusions of persecution; delusions of grandeur B) delusions of grandeur; delusions of persecution C) delusions of persecution; delusions of control D) delusions of control; delusions of grandeur

D) delusions of control; delusions of grandeur

Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from: A) delusions of grandeur. B) delusions of reference. C) delusions of control. D) delusions of persecution.

D) delusions of persecution.

Peter is a behavioral therapist who exposes patients with bulimia to situations that usually cause binge episodes and then prevents them from binge eating. This technique is called: A) skillful frustration. B) temptation-restriction. C) willpower reinforcement. D) exposure and response prevention.

D) exposure and response prevention.

The category of odd personality disorders includes the traits of: A) anxiousness and fearfulness. B) being overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic. C) inflexibility and a total loss of contact with reality, including social and non-social realities. D) extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities.

D) extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities.

If observations of a relationship between "expressed emotion" in families and recovery from schizophrenia demonstrate cause-and-effect, then relapse should be LEAST common in people with schizophrenia whose families: A) frequently express criticism and do not allow much privacy. B) frequently express criticism and allow a good deal of privacy. C) infrequently express criticism and do not allow much privacy. D) infrequently express criticism and allow a good deal of privacy.

D) infrequently express criticism and allow a good deal of privacy.

The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. This is most likely believed by _____ therapists. A) cognitive-behavioral B) biological C) humanistic D) psychodynamic

D) psychodynamic

To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, symptoms must be present for _____, during which a person must have been _____ for at least one month. A) two months; delusional B) two months; in the active phase C) six months; delusional D) six months; in the active phase

D) six months; in the active phase

People who attend to their own ideas and fantasies, who are unable to recognize other people's needs and emotions, and who also distance themselves from reality are displaying: A) poverty of speech. B) blunted or flat affect. C) loss of volition. D) social withdrawal.

D) social withdrawal.

What is mentalization? A) psychoanalysis B) social skills training and other therapy that improves symptoms C) a form of inpatient hospitalization D) the capacity to understand one's own mental states and those of other people

D) the capacity to understand one's own mental states and those of other people

Which does dialectical behavior therapy NOT emphasize? A) social skills training B) mindfulness meditation (a Zen technique involving observing one's emotions) C) the client-therapist relationship D) the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting

D) the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting