Abnormal Psych- Final Exam practice

Which would be the MOST surprising example of suicide because it does not fit into the pattern that current research results have identified?

a woman who stabbed herself to death

During which period of life does pedophilia typically develop?

adolescence

Benzodiazepines work in much the same way as:

alcohol.

According to Durkheim, suicides by people who give up their lives so a person they love may live would be classified as:

altruistic suicides.

Which statement is the BEST example of a claim that would be made by a developmental psychopathology theorist?

Depression is triggered by many factors that operate together in a developmental sequence.

Which statement is NOT true about alcohol use and suicide?

Drinking alcohol increases suicidal thoughts in nondepressed individuals.

Which statement is TRUE about factitious disorders?

Individuals with factitious disorder are not trying to achieve some external gain by faking illness.

Who was the individual considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology?

Johann Weyer

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of phenylketonuria (PKU)?

People of Eastern European Jewish ancestry are at increased risk for PKU.

Shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and a choking sensation are symptoms commonly associated with:

asthma.

In the twenty-first century in the United States, the number of diagnosed cases per year of dissociative identity disorder has:

increased significantly (almost doubling).

"Refrigerator parents" are seen as:

intelligent yet cold.

Among teenagers who attempt suicide, _____ succeed the first time, and _____ will try again.

less than 1 percent; approximately half

A belief of many early cognitive-behavioral therapists, and one that continues to be influential today, is that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:

maladaptive assumptions.

If one were to develop drugs that increase or maintain the production of _____, then this could be used to treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease.

memory-linked proteins

Which problem related to substance abuse is more typical among the elderly than among those in other age groups?

misuse of prescription drugs

The finding that many adolescents who attempt suicide know someone who has attempted suicide provides a case for which process in suicidal actions?

modeling

Individuals with anorexia nervosa often have which psychological problem?

obsessive thoughts

At lunch, Vincent, a patient in therapy, eats exactly 23 almonds, which he chews exactly 23 times each. This is a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The cognitive-behavioral view of schizophrenia:

provides a partial explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia.

If a physician wanted to relieve a patient's anxiety with a treatment that carries a lesser risk of drowsiness, overdose, and slowed breathing, the physician should prescribe:

benzodiazepines.

Hilde Bruch's ego deficiency view of children with eating disorders involves:

children lacking control over their lives and misperceiving internal cues.

One distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on the:

duration of anxiety symptoms.

Recently, the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that:

effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin, glutamate, and GABA, as well as dopamine.

The part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the:

ego

The typical pattern of Alzheimer's for a patient is:

denial, anxiety, withdrawal, dependency.

Gwen is held up at knifepoint, and her young son is kidnapped. Her son is eventually found and returned to her. However, Gwen is unable to recall events that occurred since the attack, although she remembers some new experiences; worse still, she finds that she is forgetting events that occurred even before the attack. This is a classic example of:

generalized amnesia.

Women tolerate alcohol less well than men because they:

have less of a stomach enzyme that breaks down alcohol.

A new test for anxiety shows consistent levels of anxiety across time for people, but very few people have taken the test and accurate norms do not exist. The test has:

high reliability but inadequate standardization.

A technique used to treat pedophiles is to have them identify the situations that trigger pedophilic fantasies and then learn to avoid the situations or cope with them more effectively. This technique is called:

relapse-prevention training.

A client who has been talking calmly and rationally suddenly begins whining and complaining like a spoiled child. If that client suffers from true dissociative identity disorder, the client just experienced:

switching.

If schizophrenia depended solely on genetic make-up, then compared to rates of schizophrenia in siblings in general, fraternal twins should have:

the same concordance rate for schizophrenia. PreviousNext

How much more likely is dissociative identity disorder to be diagnosed in a woman compared with a man?

three times more likely

In an enmeshed family, the push for independence at adolescence threatens the apparent family harmony. As a result, the family may subtly force the child to take on a "sick" role. Why is this done?

to ensure the child maintains dependence on the family

If the correlation between severity of depression and age is -.05, it means that:

there is no consistent relationship between age and severity of depression.

The parents of those with schizoid personality disorder are MOST likely to have been:

unaccepting

A friends asks, "What works best to keep suicidal people from following through?" The BEST answer to this question is:

"Try cognitive-behavioral therapy."

Which correlation coefficient is of the highest magnitude?

-0.85

When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. A psychologist from which background would agree MOST strongly with this statement?

Humanistic-existential

A new test for anxiety is initially given to individuals who are waiting to take introductory psychology final exams. Their scores are used as the norm. It is later determined that the new test lacks adequate standardization. What is the MOST likely reason for that, based on this information?

Students about to take an exam would likely be experiencing higher than normal anxiety.

Which statement BEST reflects our understanding of hysterical disorders?

The causes of hysterical disorders are poorly understood, with no theory predominant in aiding understanding.

A researcher conducts an experiment on a rat. In the experiment, the researcher stimulates the rat's lateral hypothalamus. What is MOST likely to happen?

The rat will feel hungry

Which person would be MOST likely to develop alcoholism?

a lower-socioeconomic-class person living in a high-unemployment area

Jena is experiencing sadness, lack of energy, and low self-worth. The condition is chronic and severe. If her psychiatrist prescribed medication, it would likely be a(n):

antidepressant drug.

Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms:

are more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress.

Catatonic rigidity and catatonic posturing share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

both are psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia.

The research conducted by Mosconi and others to identify biomarkers that predict Alzheimer's disease is BEST classified as a(n):

case study

According to DSM-5, all excitement disorders have in common the diagnostic requirement that the difficulty:

causes significant distress or impairment.

Dr. Samsa is a therapist who works with people diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder. His approach is to help patients develop the belief they are not helpless, and to teach them better thinking skills. Dr. Samsa is likely a _____ therapist.

cognitive-behavioral

A therapist prescribes a client a drug that causes the patient to vomit every time he drinks alcohol. This therapist is MOST likely a(n):

cognitive-behavioral therapist.

Occasionally, you see or hear things that others do not. Your friends tell you it's your imagination, but eventually you come to think your friends are hiding something, and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. This scenario is consistent with the:

cognitive-behavioral view.

Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning. The orientation of the author of this quote is MOST likely:

cognitive-behavioral.

A procedure that DSM-5 developers relied on to improve validity was:

conducting extensive research reviews.

Ernest Hemingway was a physically strong, proud man who developed great concerns about his failing body. Depressed about his progressive illness, he intentionally ended his life. Shneidman would classify Hemingway as a:

death initiator.

A woman proclaims, "I am the Virgin Mary, and I've come to give birth to a new savior." This person is MOST likely experiencing:

delusions of grandeur.

Which category of personality disorder contains the disorders MOST commonly diagnosed?

dramatic

College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because:

drinking is considered part of college culture.

When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals:

encourage clients to use spiritual resources that aid with coping.

Family members are overinvolved in each other's lives but are affectionate and loyal. This description fits Salvador Minuchin's definition of an:

enmeshed family pattern.

A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as:

existential.

Sophia has been diagnosed with having autism spectrum disorder. Her parents note she has trouble coping when life is too unpredictable. She keeps all of her toys in a certain order on the shelf, and throws a tantrum if her mother moves any of them. Any small changes in her daily routine also cause her to become very upset, and she commonly throws tantrums when there are any variations to her schedule. This is an example of:

highly rigid and repetitive behavior.

When dealing with a new client, the clinical practitioner's major focus is to gather which type of information?

idiographic information

Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder share all the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. inappropriate rises in mood. B. problematic emotional extremes. C. periods of severely or mildly depressive episodes. D. significant distress or impairment.

inappropriate rises in mood.

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder differs from male hypoactive sexual desire disorder MOST notably in that it:

includes difficulties in both the desire and arousal stages of the sexual response cycle.

In evaluating lie-detection methods, researchers have noted that magnetic resonance imaging:

is better than polygraphs at detecting lies.

A woman in a middle-level manager's job is repeatedly not promoted, no matter how hard she tries, even though she seems as qualified as the men who are promoted. If she develops depression because of her work experiences, the theory that BEST explains the onset of her depression is:

lack of control theory.

Anoxia causes brain damage and may lead to intellectual disability. Anoxia-caused brain damage may occur due to which of these?

lack of oxygen during or after delivery

With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to:

let their thoughts flow, without judgment.

Mild intellectual disability is MOST common in which socioeconomic class?

lower

Disorders that involve particular patterns of repetitive and excessive behavior that greatly disrupt a person's life and can cause shame are called:

obsessive-compulsive-related disorders.

Mason's parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. As such, he continues to steal her toys. This is an example of:

operant conditioning.

Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. This feeling seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n):

panic disorder.

As the percentage of the population who are 65 or older continues to rise, one would NOT expect the _____ to rise as well. A. percentage of people with neurocognitive disorder B. percentage of people with substance use disorder C. number of geropsychologists D. number of nursing homes

percentage of people with substance use disorder

In the first half of the twentieth century, what did institutions use as the most common treatment for troublesome or violent people with schizophrenia?

physical restraints

Which psychological problem is LEAST likely to be associated with anorexia nervosa?

schizophrenia

If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to:

show unconditional positive regard for the client's statements.

A clinician is particularly interested in a client's family background and community influences. The clinician's orientation is MOST likely:

sociocultural.

A person is experiencing difficulty with long-term memory. In what area of the brain is a problem likely?

temporal lobes

One especially good reason to use a form of group therapy in the treatment of dependent personality disorder is that:

the group members can model appropriate behaviors and the expression of feelings to one another.

The principle of informed consent assumes that:

the participant can understand the explanation.

Idrina, who is fifteen, has a negative perception of her body. She is most likely dissatisfied with her:

thighs

How did the perception of patients with psychological problems change during the spread of moral treatment?

They were seen as potentially productive human beings who deserved care.

Assume that a community is made up of almost exactly equal numbers of African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and non-Hispanic white Americans, and that everyone is of the same socioeconomic status. Approximately what percentage of suicides would you expect to be committed by non-Hispanic white Americans?

40 percent, about double the rates for the other groups

Which statement is TRUE regarding binge-eating disorder?

Binge-eating disorder is associated with being overweight or obese.

Which statement is NOT an appropriate criticism of the sociocultural model?

Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders.

According to Freud, a child's pleasure from defecating is reflected in which part of the personality?

ID

Charley brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Charley caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, wanting to gain attention and praise for her devoted care of her sick child. If this assessment is correct, the appropriate diagnosis is:

Munchausen syndrome by proxy.

What is the most famous characteristic of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547?

Popularly called "Bedlam," it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients.

Which of these is the MOST accurate conclusion regarding the use of Viagra and related drugs to treat erectile disorders?

The drugs work approximately 75 percent of the time and are often given without first assessing what is causing the original problem.

Which conclusion could be drawn about the current theories of gender differences in relation to depression?

They all have some supporting evidence, but they all also have some research findings they cannot explain.

Growing up, Bernardo would sometimes get headaches. Whenever he got a headache, his mother let him stay home from school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not do. What kind of theoretical explanation for conversion symptoms is this?

a cognitive-behavioral explanation

Excessive senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease are likely due to:

abnormal beta-amyloid and tau protein activity.

Just a few decades ago, a woman's love for racecar driving would have been considered abnormal. This statement illustrates that:

abnormality can be situational.

A compulsion to keep placing certain items (such as clothing, books, or foods) in perfect order in accordance with strict rules is a:

balance compulsion.

The major disadvantage of using forced tube-feeding for patients with eating disorders who refuse to eat is that the patients may:

become distrustful of the medical establishment and uncooperative with further treatment.

The use of a food diary to keep track of eating behavior as part of the treatment of patients with bulimia is MOST likely to be used by a therapist who relies on the:

behavioral perspective.

If you studied for this exam while you were unusually happy, you will probably do best taking it while you are:

unusually happy.

Which statement BEST describes the changes in the rate of opioid addiction in the United States over the past 30 to 40 years?

up-and-down shifts throughout the years, with rates currently being high

When would religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) be considered compulsive behaviors?

when they interfere with daily function and cause distress