Abnormal Psych Quizzes Chapter 1-4 Oltmanns
Which of the following statements by a therapist is most indicative of effective short-term psychotherapy? "I'd like to get a better idea about your family and social history growing up." "Let's talk about the emotions you experience ahead of a drinking binge." "Before we start treatment, I'd like to discuss other problems you might be experiencing." "I understand your discomfort, but we should proceed with treatment as discussed."
"Let's talk about the emotions you experience ahead of a drinking binge."
How does a genotype differ from a phenotype? A genotype describes a person's genetic structure, while a phenotype describes how genes are expressed. A genotype includes environmentally activated genes, while a phenotype includes dormant genes. A genotype contains dominant genes, while a phenotype contains recessive genes. A genotype governs an individual's psychological traits, while a phenotype governs physical traits.
A genotype describes a person's genetic structure, while a phenotype describes how genes are expressed.
Which of the following best describes the reforms being driven by an emphasis on managed care? A shift away from aggressive treatment for mild to moderate syndromes The discouragement of overprescribing medications for disorders The inclusion of long-term care and follow-up services A greater focus on cost-effective treatment and scope of practice
A greater focus on cost-effective treatment and scope of practice
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates an intrasexual selection process under evolutionary psychology? A female with a natural resistance to malaria survives an elongated wet season. A male with a domineering personality prevents other males from mating. A female with large eyes draws more attention from males than her peers. A male with long legs can hunt more effectively than his peers and survive a famine.
A male with a domineering personality prevents other males from mating.
Which of the following best describes an experimental hypothesis? A prediction that a certain change will produce a certain outcome A proof that an experiment's results were not a result of pure chance A body of evidence that establishes a correlation between factors An explanation for a date or behaviors that are recorded by a researcher
A prediction that a certain change will produce a certain outcome
Which of the following mental health professionals is authorized to prescribe medication to clients? A professional counselor A psychiatrist A social worker A clinical psychologist
A psychiatrist
Which of the following could lead to poor mental health according to Erik Erikson's conception of identity? An adult fails to reconcile the contrary demands of her relational selves. A child is provided with a caregiver who models maladaptive identity features. An adolescent chooses to identify with peers with social values rejected by her family. A young adult fails to achieve a concrete sense of self during formative years.
A young adult fails to achieve a concrete sense of self during formative years.
Which of the following statements best exemplifies the influence John B. Watson had on the development of the cognitive-behavioral paradigm? All observable behavior can be explained with learning theory. Mental disorders are the result of irresponsible parenting. Subconscious activity explains the presence of maladaptive behaviors. Cognitive processes can be described with simple models.
All observable behavior can be explained with learning theory.
Which of the following therapeutic features does interpersonal therapy share with cognitive therapy? Including the participation of family members Altering current maladaptive behaviors Exploring the lingering effects of past trauma Examining the dynamics of close relationships
Altering current maladaptive behaviors
Which of the following best represents a potential consequence of the revisions made to the DSM-IV when crafting the DSM-5? Research providing data about new mental health conditions loses funding. An individual who was previously considered eccentric is now labeled as mentally ill. Non-PhD-credentialed mental health practitioners lose authority to make diagnoses. An individual with an excised mental condition is refused disability status.
An individual with an excised mental condition is refused disability status.
Based on the history of the treatment of mental illness, which of the following represents an appropriate caution to take regarding contemporary psychiatric medicine? Utilize new or relatively untested treatments only on patients who understand the potential risks. Be wary of individuals who claim they are trying to improve the welfare of individuals with mental disorders. Operate under the assumption that very few mental disorders can actually be cured or significantly improved. Analyze our own subjective perspectives when diagnosing the abnormal behaviors of others.
Analyze our own subjective perspectives when diagnosing the abnormal behaviors of others.
Which of the following categories of mental disorder is most likely to apply to labeling theory? Cognitive disability Major depression Antisocial personality disorder Schizophrenia
Antisocial personality disorder
Which of the following conditions is more likely to be diagnosed in men than in women? Bipolar disorder Major depression Anxiety disorders Antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
Mariah often feels her heart race in response to ordinary interactions with other people and the environment. Which psychophysiological system is likely connected to this disorder? Reproductive system Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Endocrine system
Autonomic nervous system
Which of the following components of the neuron is most pertinent to the study of abnormal behavior? Dendrite Axon terminal Axon Soma sheath
Axon terminal
Which of the following causes would Samuel Woodward, of the Worcester Lunatic Hospital, likely point to when diagnosing a patient? Inheriting a mental defect from one or both parents Suffering from possession by a demon or spirit Behaving in a way contrary to social conventions Possessing an imbalance of various bodily fluids
Behaving in a way contrary to social conventions
Which of Kevin's behaviors from the illustrative example would suggest that he suffered from psychosis? Shifts between high-energy, positive moods and lethargic, depressive moods Belief that his supervisor at work had tried to harm him Withdrawal from family members and other close relationships Abandonment of household and work-related responsibilities
Belief that his supervisor at work had tried to harm him
Which of the following categories of abnormal behavior would be excluded from the DSM-5's consideration of mental disorder? Body modifications related to religious beliefs Mood problems that lead to occupational dysfunction Long-term catatonic states resulting from grief Psychological deficits caused by biological defects or injuries
Body modifications related to religious beliefs
How might gender affect psychopathology? By stimulating and accentuating underlying biological differences between genders By facilitating the epigenetic environmental influences that activate chromosomal risks By encouraging the development of disorders in women and discouraging them in men By channeling the expression of symptoms into socially approved patterns
By channeling the expression of symptoms into socially approved patterns
After being caught plagiarizing a paper for the third time, a distressed college student claims she has "overcompensation disorder" during a student-faculty adjudication, a condition that is not recognized in the DSM-5. How might a member of the committee evaluate this claim using critical thinking? By conducting thorough research into the new disorder and assessing whether it should be officially validated By considering whether the symptoms described by the offender could be explained by a documented mental illness By pursuing a tough line of questioning of the student to determine if there are inconsistencies in her reported symptoms By dismissing the claims of the student as most likely an excuse used to excuse her repeated immoral behavior
By considering whether the symptoms described by the offender could be explained by a documented mental illness
How did investigations into general paresis forward the biological paradigm? By demonstrating that a mental disorder could have a concrete cause By showing that mental and physical diseases should be treated similarly By proving that mental disorders had consistent manifestations across individuals By debunking heroic treatments of mental illness such as blood-letting
By demonstrating that a mental disorder could have a concrete cause
How has the prefrontal lobotomy influenced the biological approach to treating mental illness? By demonstrating that only very minute alterations to the brain are appropriate By establishing that certain treatments are unacceptable no matter how effective By exploring how the most severe cases of abnormal behavior can be treated humanely By extrapolating the function of certain brain structures at a high ethical cost
By demonstrating that only very minute alterations to the brain are appropriate
Which of the following abnormal behaviors is associated with disruptions to the function of the midbrain? Visuospatial distortion Chronic insomnia Binge eating Learning disability
Chronic insomnia
Which of the following areas represents a commonality between psychodynamic psychotherapy and behavior therapy? Free association is used to dredge up suppressed negative emotions and past trauma. Specific maladaptive behaviors are identified and altered via desensitization techniques. The therapist and client participate equally in structured conversation. Client ratings of therapist empathy correlate with effectiveness of treatment.
Client ratings of therapist empathy correlate with effectiveness of treatment.
Which of the following best describes the change in approach to drafting the DSM-5 compared to the DSM-IV? Contemporary thinking was emphasized over hard data. Categories of mental disorder were aggressively reduced. Input from nonclinical practitioners was significantly reduced. Social contexts for abnormal behavior were given more consideration.
Contemporary thinking was emphasized over hard data.
Bart's psychoanalyst raises her voice at him and threatens to end the session if he continues to speak to her in abusive terms. Which of the following elements of psychoanalysis does this demonstrate? Resistance Countertransference Therapeutic neutrality Transference Countertransference
Countertransference
Which of the following scenarios is likely to be associated with a poor mental health outcome? Daniel attempts to join a game of tag on the playground but is not allowed by his peers. Jermaine participates in sports at school but is never invited home to play with others. Lily does not gel with children her own age and instead has social contact with her tutors. Portia spends her time at recess reading and is generally ignored by her classmates.
Daniel attempts to join a game of tag on the playground but is not allowed by his peers.
Which of the following interventions is most likely to be made by a social worker? Developing a plan with a client on how to avoid settings that exacerbate their condition Organizing an intervention with a client's family members and friends Teaching a client practical skills to be able to live in a community with minimum supervision Compiling an in-depth profile detailing a client's condition and unique triggers
Developing a plan with a client on how to avoid settings that exacerbate their condition
Which of the following mental health interventions would be implemented by a Hippocratic practitioner? Exhausting the sufferer by talking them out Draining the body of excess blood Casting out a malicious demon from the brain Committing the afflicted to an asylum
Draining the body of excess blood
How does efficacy differ from effectiveness in the assessment of psychotherapy treatments? Efficacy describes the real-world outcomes of treatment, while effectiveness describes its clinical optimum. Efficacy describes the short-term positive effects of a treatment, while effectiveness describes its long-term effects. Efficacy describes the objective measurement of symptom relief, while effectiveness describes its subjective usefulness by patients. Efficacy describes the possible value of a treatment, while effectiveness describes its observed utility.
Efficacy describes the possible value of a treatment, while effectiveness describes its observed utility.
Which of the following scenarios would most likely involve a psychosocial rehabilitation worker? Engaging a client who is experiencing a schizophrenic episode in stress-reduction techniques while waiting at a doctor's office. Facilitating therapy sessions between dysfunctional clients and family members Providing positive mental health curriculum to at-risk youth populations Connecting underserved clients to public or private mental health services
Engaging a client who is experiencing a schizophrenic episode in stress-reduction techniques while waiting at a doctor's office.
How does the principal of equifinality differ from that of multifinality? Equifinality requires illnesses to have set paths of development, while multifinality allows for a variety of causal agents of abnormal behavior. Equifinality states that all disorders are equally serious, while multifinality states that some conditions are preferable to others. Equifinality holds that many different causes can lead to a disorder, while multifinality holds that a single event can have multiple outcomes. Equifinality proposes that abnormal behaviors determine causes, while multifinality proposes that no causes can be gleaned from an observable disorder.
Equifinality holds that many different causes can lead to a disorder, while multifinality holds that a single event can have multiple outcomes.
Which of the following groups is the most likely to suffer from poverty-related stress? Families headed by single black women Families headed by single Asian women Families headed by single Hispanic women Families headed by single white women
Families headed by single Hispanic women
In which of the following cases would electroconvulsive therapy be the most appropriate? Angelina has frequent visual hallucinations and is allergic to antipsychotics. Pam has severe ADHD and cannot function unless she takes heavy doses of stimulants. Laird has persistent paranoid ideation and won't take prescribed medication. Frederick has deep depression that does not respond to medication.
Frederick has deep depression that does not respond to medication.
Which of the following conceptions is most related to moral treatment philosophy? Grouping together individuals with abnormal behaviors stops the spread of disease. Humane treatment of individuals who are disordered positively affects mental health outcomes. Individuals suffering from mental illness are not responsible for their conditions or actions. Families are not adequate caregivers because they often cause mental disorders in the first place.
Humane treatment of individuals who are disordered positively affects mental health outcomes.
Which of the following best characterizes the humanistic critique of other forms of psychotherapy? Humans are not locked into dysfunctional behavior as a result of past experience. Focusing on how people feel takes focus away from determining why they feel that way. Quantitative studies of psychiatric treatment ignore true measures of life quality. The relationship between a therapist and a client should not take the place of actual treatment.
Humans are not locked into dysfunctional behavior as a result of past experience.
Which of the following individuals would be most suited to a contingency management approach to cognitive-behavior therapy? Jaime responds to conflict in the workplace with disturbing outbursts of anger. Maryanne's compulsive behaviors have led to her social isolation. Beth becomes homeless as a consequence of her increasing addiction to heroin. Iggy is assigned to a residential psychiatric facility after a bipolar episode.
Iggy is assigned to a residential psychiatric facility after a bipolar episode.
How does the incidence of a disorder differ from the prevalence? Incidence describes how likely a disorder is to occur in a population while prevalence describes actual current levels Incidence describes how many new cases occur during a specific time while prevalence describes the total number of cases Incidence describes the distribution of illness geographically while prevalence describes the distribution demographically Incidence describes a universe of total diagnoses while prevalence describes the change of rate of diagnosis
Incidence describes how many new cases occur during a specific time while prevalence describes the total number of cases
Which of the following factors had the largest influence on the creation of insane asylums? Increased urbanization and industrialization The development of the psychiatric profession Popularization of the moral treatment philosophy A large increase in the incidence of mental disorders
Increased urbanization and industrialization
Which of the following best characterizes the role of self-esteem in developing a healthy perspective? Individuals should have a sense of self-concept correlated with their objective achievements. Instilling a strong sense of self-esteem in individuals helps them overcome challenges. Self-esteem is less integral to a productive sense of self than is a strong sense of self-control. Tempering expectations in people of all levels of success improves satisfaction with all outcomes.
Individuals should have a sense of self-concept correlated with their objective achievements.
Which of the following best describes the self-fulfilling prophesy process? Individuals who are considered discorded act out their roles. Conformity with social expectations is largely measured subjectively. Belief in one's own dysfunction is a cause of the dysfunction itself. Interpretation of reality is driven by pre-existing individual biases.
Individuals who are considered discorded act out their roles.
Which of the following best describes an evolutionary influence on abnormal behavior? Individuals who fail to fulfill inborn attachment needs develop complexes. Outmoded sexual selection instincts persist in some individuals in the present day. The need to dominate other members of a gender leads some individuals to be labeled disordered. Maladaptive psychological traits are often passed down through successive generations.
Individuals who fail to fulfill inborn attachment needs develop complexes.
Which of the following profiles demonstrates both elements of the harmful dysfunction view of mental disorder? Daphne chooses not to engage in personal relationships and works from home. Jaime becomes unreasonably angry during normal conversations and is unable to hold a job. Melinda will not speak to strangers and stays at home raising her children. Kendal is well liked by his friends and family but can't help himself from stealing from stores.
Jaime becomes unreasonably angry during normal conversations and is unable to hold a job.
Which of the following elements demonstrates what the addition of the systems theory brings to the biopsychosocial model? Randal learns to adopt a mocking attitude to deflect questions about his poor grades. Barbara begins experimenting with self-harming behavior after observing her best friend does the same. Julian runs from members of the opposite sex because his flight instinct is triggered from childhood abuse by his mother and babysitter. Nomi acts out in class as a result of an inherited attention-deficit gene.
Julian runs from members of the opposite sex because his flight instinct is triggered from childhood abuse by his mother and babysitter.
Which of the following individuals would be the most suited to a humanistic approach to therapy? Gertrude suspects that she has alienated her children with her compulsive behaviors. Juan wishes to stop a cycle of violent outbursts that prevent him from forming close relationships. Latasha feels as though she lacks the ability to calmly approach unpleasant situations. Kyle is increasingly distracted at work by paranoid thoughts about his colleagues.
Latasha feels as though she lacks the ability to calmly approach unpleasant situations.
Which of the following provides the best analogy for the holistic approach to the treatment of mental disorders? Cutting down one sick tree to find the cause of a widespread disease Moving to a new neighborhood with better infrastructure and schools Offering employees a severance package instead of firing them outright Attending the hearing of a burglar to ask the court for leniency
Moving to a new neighborhood with better infrastructure and schools
Which of the following best describes the trajectory of psychopharmacologic treatment for mental illness? A majority of individuals with abnormal behavior take medication as prescribed. Prescriptions for a wide variety of medications have increased steadily. Fewer individuals take psychotropic medications now than in the past. Use of medication to treat psychological symptoms has plateaued.
Prescriptions for a wide variety of medications have increased steadily.
How does the practice of psychiatry differ from that of clinical psychology? Psychiatrists treat individuals with the most severe disorders, while clinical psychologists treat individuals with less advanced symptoms. Psychiatrists focus on the treatment of disorder with medications, while clinical psychologists apply cognitive and social therapies. Psychiatrists are oriented toward the application of medical training, while clinical psychologists apply psychological science. Psychiatrists treat mentally ill patients directly, while clinical psychologists study disorders in a lab setting.
Psychiatrists are oriented toward the application of medical training, while clinical psychologists apply psychological science.
Which of the following interventions would be mostly likely to address disparities in the gendered view of psychopathology? School curriculum teaching students the value of androgynous expressions of negative emotions Greater funding for drug and alcohol treatment programs for men of all ages Public service announcements about the equivalent seriousness of depression in men and women Research into the maladaptive responses of women to a variety of adverse life events
Public service announcements about the equivalent seriousness of depression in men and women
Which of the following processes would likely be necessary for the elimination of gender dysphoria as a category of mental disorder from a future DSM revision? Intervention from governmental organizations that oversee federal standards of pathology Identification of natural social contexts in the world that incorporate a flexible view of gender Research and testimony that shows that distress is not inherent in the condition Consensus among workgroups that the gender dysphoria label causes active harm
Research and testimony that shows that distress is not inherent in the condition
How does the legacy of mind-body dualism affect the biological interpretation of mental disorder? Researchers can be too quick to identify chemical imbalances as the cause of abnormal behavior. The normal operation of the brain can be misinterpreted as disturbed via diagnostic scans. Mental health practitioners can fail to separate emotional conditions from physical diseases. Assessments of the effectiveness of drugs are often overdetermined by subjective reports.
Researchers can be too quick to identify chemical imbalances as the cause of abnormal behavior.
How have findings about the comorbidity of mental illnesses affected the focus of epidemiologists? Research has shifted away from the examination of lifetime prevalence of disorders to 12-month windows. The rubrics used to classify disorders have expanded to include new categories. An emphasis on the mortality rates of disorders has supervened raw numbers of diagnoses. Studies have shifted to examining the level of disability associated with disorders.
Studies have shifted to examining the level of disability associated with disorders.
Which of the following represents the most cogent criticism of the humanistic approach to psychotherapy? The effectiveness of treatment is difficult to empirically evaluate. The subjectivity of the therapist-client relationships clouds diagnoses. The dependence on external affirmation reduces long-term effectiveness. The process of treatment is often open-ended and ill-defined.
The effectiveness of treatment is difficult to empirically evaluate.
Which of the following statements bests describes the results of cross-cultural comparisons of mental illnesses? Gendered symptoms of mental distress are most likely to be shaped by cultural context. True psychiatric disorders are observed as relatively uniform across all extant cultures. Cultural pressures tend to cause the occurrence of psychotic rather than nonpsychotic dysfunction. The expression of underlying dysfunctions varies widely according to cultural influences.
The expression of underlying dysfunctions varies widely according to cultural influences.
Which of the following best describes a potential drawback of case studies? The facts of an individual's life can be used to reach different conclusions. Applying the profile of a mental disorder to a biography can produce inconsistent results. The findings of case studies can't be nullified because they do not have hypotheses. Individuals who submit to case studies often exaggerate or obfuscate their histories.
The facts of an individual's life can be used to reach different conclusions.
Which of the following proposed causes of abnormal behavior is indicative of the humanistic paradigm? A failure in identification with the appropriate parent led to neuroses. Living in unsanitary conditions led to contamination and disordered thought. The moral strictures of society led to an unbearable level of anxiety. Inappropriate behavior was rewarded often enough to encourage it.
The moral strictures of society led to an unbearable level of anxiety.
Which of the following best describes a syndrome? A mild form of psychological disturbance A mental disorder resulting from a virus or other pathogen The presence of several related symptoms A specific behavior characteristic of a diagnosis
The presence of several related symptoms
Which of the following electroconvulsive therapies has been developed to produce less retrograde amnesia in patients? Bilateral low-dose electroconvulsive therapy Unilateral low-dose electroconvulsive therapy Bilateral high-dose electroconvulsive therapy Unilateral high-dose electroconvulsive therapy
Unilateral low-dose electroconvulsive therapy
Unlike earlier considerations about psychopathology, the Greek physician Hippocrates held that mental illness resulted from immoral behaviors rather than arbitrary interventions from gods. bodily malfunctions rather than demonic influences. harmful organisms rather than contamination from poisons. an excess of bodily fluids rather than malignant tumors.
bodily malfunctions rather than demonic influences.
Family incident studies of mental disorder are by themselves limited because only conditions associated with autosomal genes can be effectively documented. genetic factors are indistinguishable from environmental influences. some forms of abnormal behavior are considered "contagious." information about inherited traits is limited to only a few generations.
genetic factors are indistinguishable from environmental influences.
Systematic desensitization applies cognitive-behavior therapy techniques by deconditioning inappropriate reactions to personal conflict. rapidly inducing states of relaxation to eliminate maladaptive stress. gradually altering overwhelming responses to unpleasant stimuli. transferring fear reactions to rationally appropriate objects.
gradually altering overwhelming responses to unpleasant stimuli.
Case studies are a particularly useful method of researching mental disorders that result from physical injury of congenital malformations. cannot be studied experimentally under ethics guidelines. have a low prevalence in the general population. are resistant to pharmaceutical and cognitive therapies.
have a low prevalence in the general population.
Deena makes a joke about her new lab partner's appearance, as she used to with her old lab partner, and it causes a significant personal problem. Deena has made an error via social cognition. modeling. operant conditioning. heuristics.
heuristics.
Which of the following descriptors retains a modern day relevance when identifying a mental disorder? Crazy Nervous breakdown Hysterical Insanity
insanity
Erik Erikson altered standard psychoanalysis in part by insisting that personality development lasted a lifetime. emphasizing personal relationships as the foundation of personality. splitting the ego into three separate need functions. elevating the attachment drives to the level of sex and aggression.
insisting that personality development lasted a lifetime.
Unlike Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud argued that developmental stages in children were marked by dissonance between religious belief and personal ambition. the mental stresses associated with physiological change. integrating the expectations of society with the self. internal conflict over emerging sexual impulses.
internal conflict over emerging sexual impulses.
Adhering to a single psychological paradigm in the present day can be problematic because most of the ideas of the original paradigms have been debunked. it narrows the interpretation of potential causes of behavior. medical technology is rapidly rendering such an approach obsolete. it encourages moralistic postures toward "correct" treatment.
it narrows the interpretation of potential causes of behavior.
The diagnosis of mental disorders is often difficult because many psychological conditions have overlapping symptoms that change over time. individuals are unlikely to consider their behaviors or thoughts to be abnormal. psychiatric professionals disagree over the severity of many conditions. there are no diagnostic scans or tests that can provide proof of disease.
there are no diagnostic scans or tests that can provide proof of disease.
Which of the following statements represents a null hypothesis? "Removing a brain lesion will extinguish abnormal behavior." "Increasing potassium in the diet will not decrease anxiety." "The results of the brain scan do not explain the observed behavior." "Reducing access to family therapy will increase domestic violence."
"Increasing potassium in the diet will not decrease anxiety."
Which of the following best describes the genetic determinant of mental disorders? A true or false question A notch on a belt A point on a curve A free-form survey
A point on a curve
Which of the following subjects would be most appropriate for a developmental psychopathology approach? Educating at-risk youths about the danger of substance abuse Making an education plan for a child suffering from bipolar disorder Determining the severity of a renewed schizophrenic episode Assessing the influence of genetics on a depression diagnosis
Making an education plan for a child suffering from bipolar disorder
Why does the subjective discomfort method of assessing mental disorders fall short? Individuals experiencing acute mental distress often self-regulate before intervention. Diagnostic criteria of treatable illnesses often do not match the lived experience of sufferers. Those suffering pronounced discomfort are the least able to seek professional help. Many disordered individuals lack perspective on the effects of their behavior.
Many disordered individuals lack perspective on the effects of their behavior.
Why is it especially difficult to separate the placebo effect from measures of the effectiveness of psychotherapy techniques? Patients are able to determine whether or not they are receiving genuine treatment. Mental health practitioners are always aware of their own approaches. Subjecting patients to knowingly ineffective therapies violates ethical standards. In terms of mental health, there is no difference between a placebo and a treatment.
Mental health practitioners are always aware of their own approaches.
Which of the following factors represents a diathesis according to the diathesis-stress model? Naomi's mother suffers from bouts of severe depression. Victor often has to run home from school to avoid bullies. Wanda lives next to a busy highway with no barrier. Syed has difficultly separating real sensations from hallucinations.
Naomi's mother suffers from bouts of severe depression.
Vladimir describes to his therapist his belief that if he can successfully become the CEO of a large corporation, his father will stop withholding affection. Vladimir's therapist challenges him about the unrealistic nature of this idea. Which of the following cognitive techniques is Vladimir's therapist demonstrating? Rational-emotive therapy Self-instruction training Attribution retraining Beck's cognitive therapy
Rational-emotive therapy
How has the biological approach to psychiatric treatment changed since the development of the approach? Diagnostic work has mostly been filled in over previous decades. Symptom alleviation is no longer seen as a sufficient goal. Practitioners no longer emphasize identifying causal mechanisms. Medications have been deemphasized in favor of physical treatment.
Practitioners no longer emphasize identifying causal mechanisms.
Rebecca hears strange noises that don't have a source and stops showering on a regular basis. In which of the following scenarios is she likely NOT TO be diagnosed with a mental health disorder? Rebecca adjusts her lifestyle to accommodate her issues. Rebecca begins taking medication after these behaviors begin to occur to adjust her behavior. Rebecca's personal relationships are not impacted. Rebecca's symptoms abate after several days.
Rebecca's symptoms abate after several days.
Which of the following therapeutic techniques is essential to assertiveness training? Free association Desensitization Role playing Brainstorming
Role playing
Which of the following components of the legal system is most comparable to the rules of investigating mental disorders? The presumption of innocence of a defendant The arbitration function of the judge The strict guidelines put in place by the legal code The process of legal discovery between opposing counsel
The presumption of innocence of a defendant
Which of the following treatments would most likely be administered by Samuel Woodward of the Worcester Lunatic Hospital? Discussing family history with a patient Performing a lobotomy on a patient Administering group therapy sessions with patients Training a patient in a practical skill
Training a patient in a practical skill
Which of the following describes the function of the ego according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory? Alice finds herself unable to concentrate after stealing a candy bar from the corner store. Rick dreams about a strange animal trying to get into his room during his college finals. Willa decides that her prom date was unattractive after he backs out of their plans. Mikhail becomes increasingly agitated until he breaks his diet and binges out of the fridge.
Willa decides that her prom date was unattractive after he backs out of their plans.
According to Carl Rogers's conception of client-centered therapy, the client-therapist relationship should be characterized by a dedication to finding root causes of dysfunction. adhering to firm goal commitments. objective assessment of maladaptive behavior. a mutual understanding of emotional experience.
a mutual understanding of emotional experience.
Meta-analysis of outcome research suggests that psychotherapy has no statistically significant effect on improving mental health. a small effect on improving mental health. either no effect or a small negative effect on mental health. a strong effect on improving mental health.
a strong effect on improving mental health.
Psychosis describes severe mental disorders in which individuals suffer from major depressive symptoms. are unable to control abrupt shifts in mood. harm themselves or others. are detached from objective reality.
are detached from objective reality.
The principle of reciprocal causality states that one event can have a different effect on different people. certain behaviors cause themselves to propagate in others. the same outcome can have multiple causes. cause and effect can be difficult to disentangle.
cause and effect can be difficult to disentangle.
A researcher announced that she has developed a method of neutralizing maladaptive neural connections in mentally ill patients. Before her procedure is utilized, she should be able to produce results from animal studies that make a strong case for application in humans. demonstrate that her procedure improves outcomes without producing harm. show that potential adverse reactions are outweighed by potential benefits. withstand scrutiny from adversarial colleagues who try to prove her wrong.
demonstrate that her procedure improves outcomes without producing harm.
A clinical psychologist who wishes to focus on direct assessment and treatment of patients will likely achieve a bachelor's degree in medicine. doctor of philosophy degree. master's degree in social work. doctor of psychology degree.
doctor of psychology degree.
Researchers determine that a particular disorder has a high concordance rate for both fraternal and identical twins. This disorder is likely caused by genetic predispositions. experiences of individual twins. factors in a shared environment. elements outside the scope of study.
factors in a shared environment.
Third-wave cognitive-behavior therapy is distinguished from earlier iterations by its emphasis on long-term changes. incorporation of classical conditioning. focus on self-understanding. reliance on empirical research.
focus on self-understanding.
Which of the following mental health professions is most related to growth in the field? Clinical psychologists Mental health counselors Social Workers Psychiatrists
mental health counselors
Which of the following conditions is most likely to be rated as severe in a 12-month diagnostic window? Anxiety disorders Eating disorders Substance abuse disorders Mood disorders
mood disorders
A correlation study examines the relationship between social media usage and self-image, and it finds that the more hours an individual spends on social media, the poorer the self-image. This study has identified a negative correlation. third variable. reverse causality. positive correlation.
negative correlation.
The biological paradigm has little bearing on contemporary diagnoses of mental disorders because physically determined symptoms are no longer treated as dysfunctions. proscriptive measures based on biology produce false positives. only a handful of psychiatric conditions have clear causes. of the high costs associated with neurological scanning and testing.
only a handful of psychiatric conditions have clear causes.
Emotional regulation is a key difficultly in addressing abnormal behavior because personal feelings are generated by relatively primitive cognitive structures. the six basic categories of emotion used by psychologists tend to be reductive. most individuals with intense negative emotions cannot articulate them adequately. individual temperament is highly associated with immutable genetic factors.
personal feelings are generated by relatively primitive cognitive structures.
The lifetime prevalence of a mental disorder is the likelihood that any given member of a population will develop symptoms for at least 12 months. rate of remission of its active symptoms following its diagnosis. proportion of a population that is affected at some point during their lives. rate of mortality associated with its effects on general health.
proportion of a population that is affected at some point during their lives.
Sigmund Freud's approach to treatment differed from his mentor Joseph Breuer's by highlighting the importance of catharsis over symbology. searching for deeper meaning underneath unstructured talk. seeking to penetrate the defenses manifested by patients. searching for collective rather than individual elements of experienc
searching for deeper meaning underneath unstructured talk
Diseases such as Alzheimer's have strong links to specific brain structures due to their relative segregation within a single brain lobe. their clear and universal diagnostic profiles. the severity of the damage to neural structures. the ease of imaging their interactions with the frontal cortex.
the severity of the damage to neural structures.
Individuals often make incorrect attributions about cause and effect because they are likely to make more intricate connections than are present in reality. a large set of actions and interactions work according to random principles. their intuitive understanding of situations involves cognitive shortcuts. they've learned most reactions from modeling caregivers and peers.
their intuitive understanding of situations involves cognitive shortcuts.
In the case study about the college student Mary, her binging and purging behavior is shared by a sizable majority of her peers. a rare manifestation of abnormal behavior in her environment. uncommon but not unusual in her demographic common enough to avoid serious scrutiny by the community.
uncommon but not unusual in her demographic
Amir's therapist tells him that she believes he is fundamentally a good person despite his dependency on alcohol. Amir's therapist is practicing self-disclosure. empathy. unconditional positive regard. nondirective guidance.
unconditional positive regard.