abnormal psychology chapter 6
According to the psychoanalytic view, what makes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) different from specific phobias? A: Defense mechanisms are not functional in GAD. B: Different defense mechanisms are employed by those with GAD and those with specific phobias. C: The underlying conflict in GAD is between the ego and the superego, while it is between the id and ego in specific phobias. D: Individuals with specific phobias suffer from self-hate and project this emotion on the feared stimulus.
A
Amber feels anxious almost all the time. She finds herself worrying that her husband will leave her (although he has never shown any indication that he would), that she chose the wrong job, that her children might not be safe at their school, and that she might get sick and leave her family in financial ruin. She calls her husband almost every day to find out when he will be home. She complains to her physician that she is always tired but cannot sleep or relax. Amber's most likely diagnosis is ________ A: generalized anxiety disorder. B: generalized social phobia. C: panic disorder with agoraphobia. D: obsessive compulsive disorder.
A
Betty is hyperaware of such bodily sensations as heart rate and respiration rate. When she perceives heart or breathing as getting faster she becomes afraid that she is having a heart attack. These thoughts make her symptoms worse and she has a panic attack. Betty's pattern of thinking best illustrates ________ A: cognitive theory of panic. B: the psychoanalytic theory of panic. C: the importance of perceived control in panic disorder. D: the role of the locus coeruleus in panic.
A
Jessica spends much of her day counting or saying certain words to herself. When she is not doing this, she is checking whether she left her doors unlocked. These symptoms illustrate ________ A: compulsions. B: obsessions. C: both obsessions (the counting and saying words) and compulsions (the checking). D: neither obsessions nor compulsions.
A
Kayla has just started college and wants to make friends. She refuses to go to large parties because she is afraid that she will blush and sweat, and that other people will laugh at her. She is fine when talking to people in one-on-one settings. Kayla's most likely diagnosis is ________ A: social phobia. B: specific phobia, situational type. C: agoraphobia without history of panic disorder. D: generalized social phobia.
A
Most first panic attacks ________ A: follow some distressing event. B: are uncued. C: are followed by the development of panic disorder. D: last more than an hour.
A
Panic disorder is best described as a(n) ________ condition. A: chronic B: acute C: dissociative D: inherited
A
People with body dysmorphic disorder ________ A: overemphasize and show tremendous attention to information relating to attractiveness. B: underemphasize and show little attention to information relating to attractiveness. C: underemphasize and show little attention to information relating to politics. D: overemphasize and show tremendous attention to information relating to politics.
A
Quentin is seeking medication to treat his panic disorder. Due to Quentin's history of substance abuse, his doctor hesitates. After some consideration, the doctor is most likely to write Quentin a prescription for a ________, confident that abuse won't be an issue. A: SSRI B: tricyclic C: monamine oxidase inhibitor D: benzodiazepine
A
Research on the role of genetics in the development of OCD suggests that ________ A: there may be "neurotic" personality factors that increase susceptibility to OCD. B: altered serotonergic functioning is inherited. C: genes do not play a role in OCD. D: an abnormality on the X chromosome underlies OCD.
A
The fact that dirt and contamination were threats to our ancestors suggests that ________ A: preparedness theory may help explain obsessive-compulsive disorder. B: fear of these things is rational. C: obsessive-compulsive disorder probably exists in many species, not just humans. D: obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the oldest disorders in existence.
A
Which of the following is a common type of obsession seen in OCD? A: Fear of contamination B: Counting over and over C: Hand washing D: Double checking locked doors
A
"Repeated stimulation of the limbic system by discharges from the locus coeruleus may lower the threshold for later experiences of anxiety. Then, through learning, controlled by the prefrontal cortex, the person actively avoids fearful situations." This quotation most clearly refers to the biological processes involved in ________ A: obsessive-compulsive disorder. B: panic disorder with agoraphobia. C: generalized anxiety disorder. D: social phobia.
B
Body dysmorphic disorder in DSM-IV used to be classified as a(n) ________ A: anxiety disorder. B: somatoform disorder. C: psychotic disorder. D: personality disorder.
B
Gradual exposure to feared cues is ________ A: an old treatment for anxiety disorders that is no longer used. B: a common component of treatment for all anxiety disorders. C: likely to make someone with an anxiety disorder worse in the long term. D: a useful treatment for phobias but not other anxiety disorders.
B
In order to qualify as a full-blown panic attack, which of the following must be present? A: One or two panic symptoms, most of which are physical B: At least four of thirteen symptoms, most of which are physical C: Slow onset of at least four to thirteen symptoms D: Slow onset with one to two symptoms developing over the course of an hour
B
Individuals with social phobia are likely to ________ A: be aggressive. B: attribute events in their lives to external factors. C: have been raised in a permissive environment. D: attribute negative life events to internal, global, and stable factors.
B
Mark feels the need to tap everything within his arms reach twice. He doesn't have any particular thoughts associated with this, he just becomes anxious if he doesn't do it, because "something bad might happen." Mark ________ A: does not have obsessive compulsive disorder. B: has obsessive compulsive disorder. C: has an unusual type of specific phobia. D: has no disorder.
B
One of the main problems with the worry in generalized anxiety disorders is ________ A: it keeps people distracted from what is really bothering them. B: it is a form of avoidance and prevents extinction. C: it increases the effects of operant conditioning on their fears. D: it keeps people with the disorder feeling happier than if they don't worry.
B
People suffering from koro ________ A: fear their vagina will fill up with mucus and become inert. B: fear their penis will retract within the body, which then leads to their own death. C: fear bees are living within their internal genitalia. D: fear extraterrestrial beings are living within their bodies.
B
Some things seem to be consistent across all the different forms that obsessive-compulsive disorder takes. These include ________ A: a tendency to have an aggressive, impulsive personality. B: an overwhelming fear that something terrible will happen to the person or to others for which they are responsible. C: a strong resistance to depressive and other mood disorders. D: an inability to see that the compulsive actions they engage in are unnecessary and ridiculous.
B
Which of the following is unique about OCD, as compared to other anxiety disorders? A: It afflicts more men than women. B: The incidence is about equal for men and women. C: It usually begins in childhood. D: It is a culture-bound disorder.
B
Which of the following provides evidence against a role for inherited factors in the development of phobias? A: The high concordance rate seen in fraternal twins B: The impact of nonshared environmental factors C: The preparedness hypothesis D: The early onset of many phobic reactions
B
While in treatment for panic disorder, Leroy is asked to engage in behaviors that activate the sympathetic nervous system. In other words, Leroy is engaging in behaviors that produce the physical sensation of fear. What type of treatment does this appear to be? A: Exteroceptive exposure B: Interoceptive exposure C: Anxiety sensitivity training D: Cognitive reconditioning
B
Why do many people with panic disorder continue to believe they are having a heart attack despite the fact that they never have had one? A: They continue to go through classical conditioned learning experiences each time they have a panic attack. B: They tend to engage in "safety behaviors" that they believe are the reason the catastrophe didn't happen. C: They tell themselves that physicians may have missed earlier heart attacks. D: They have such a high level of fear that learning is not possible.
B
Anxiety sensitivity is ________ A: a fear of open spaces. B: a belief that anxiety will kill. C: a trait-like belief that certain bodily symptoms may have harmful consequences. D: a fear that situations in which panic attacks occur will be devastating.
C
It is fairly easy to condition monkeys and humans to fear snakes but almost impossible to condition either to fear a flower. This supports the ________ theory of phobias. A: classical conditioning B: vicarious conditioning C: preparedness D: psychoanalytic
C
Panic attacks, by definition, ________ A: are seen in individuals with panic disorder. B: are unexpected ("uncued"). C: require the presence of at least 4 of 13 characteristic symptoms. D: are 30 to 60 minutes in duration.
C
Thought-action fusion is ________ A: a psychotic symptom that helps distinguish between anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders. B: support for the preparedness theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder. C: the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it. D: the reason why trying to suppress unwanted thoughts often causes an increase in those thoughts.
C
What is one of the major ways the anxiety disorders differ from each other? A: Whether they have a genetic component. B: Whether they are treatable. C: Whether there are more fear/panic symptoms or anxiety symptoms involved. D: Whether the disorder is associated with other anxiety disorders.
C
Which of the following illustrates how cognitive variables may act to maintain acquired fears? A: Jane no longer went to the park due to her fear of dogs. B: Karen would think happy thoughts whenever she drove over a bridge. C: Ryan's fear of heights caused him to always wonder just how high up he was in a building. D: Melvin knew that his heart was racing because he was afraid.
C
Which of the following is true of obsessive-compulsive disorder? A: Nearly six times more women than men suffer from OCD. B: This disorder tends to begin in adolescence or early adulthood, but is not uncommon in children. C: Once thought to be a fairly common disorder, with new diagnostic criteria, it is seen as quite rare. D: Although most people have both obsessive thoughts and compulsive rituals, rarely are the two issues related.
C
Approximately ___ to ___ of people report their first panic attack occurred after a negative life event. A: 10; 20 B: 30; 40 C: 60; 70 D: 80; 90
D
Compulsive hair pulling is also referred to as ________ A: pedophilia. B: hoarding. C: frotteurism. D: trichotillomania
D
Dagmar is a musician and she loves the fact that she constantly hears new melodies in her head. In fact, she cannot remember a time when she did not hear music. Why is this not an example of an obsession? A: Obsessions must be accompanied by ritualistic actions. B: Obsessions must come on suddenly in response to a stressful life event. C: Obsessions must be voluntary thoughts that a person knows are irrational. D: Obsessions must be intrusive thoughts the person finds disturbing.
D
Evolutionary preparedness explains ________ A: why phobic people are likely to maintain their avoidance behavior. B: how the inflation effect works. C: why cognitive variables are so important in phobias. D: why some types of phobias are much more common than others.
D
Tara believes that it is extremely important to be clean. She cleans her kitchen and bathroom daily and the rest of the house at least once every few days. She uses antibacterial soap and sterile water to clean. She says she wants people to be able to eat off her floors. Tara is very proud of her house and the way she keeps it. She ________ A: has obsessive compulsive disorder. B: has specific phobia, situational type. C: generalized anxiety disorder. D: has no disorder.
D
goraphobics are highly likely to have all of the following except ________ A: PTSD. B: alcohol abuse. C: depression. D: neurotic personality disorder.
D