Abnormal Psychology Chapter 9

What is the risk of schizophrenia in the general public? a) less than 1%. b) 2%. c) 3%. d) 5%.

A

A possible side-effect of antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia is akathisia, a) the inability to remain still. b) constant aching of muscles. c) severe confusion. d) severe vertigo.

a

A problem with any kind of treatment for schizophrenia is that a) some people with schizophrenia lack insight into their impaired condition and refuse any treatment at all b) the disorder is biologically based, so only medications can help. c) all therapies are upsetting to patients. d) they rarely help.

a

Among those with schizophrenia who suffer from delusions, a large majority experience a) delusions of persecution. b) thought broadcast. c) delusions of impulses imposed by others. d) hallucinations with the delusions

a

An exaggerated sense of importance, power, knowledge, or identity is known as a a) grandiose delusions. b) hallucinations. c) ideas of reference. d) none of the above.

a

Both Brief Psychotic Disorder and Schizophreniform Disorder share the characteristic that a) one of the symptoms is hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech. b) symptoms have a duration greater than six months. c) the symptoms are not the result of extreme stress. d) the individual is not aware of his or her symptoms.

a

Cognitive enhancement therapy seeks to a) enhance basic cognitive functions for people with schizophrenia. b) challenge belief structures. c) incorporate the family members of people with schizophrenia into CBT treatment. d) all of the above.

a

Commonly reported side-effects of the antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia include a) sedation, dizziness, and sexual dysfunction. b) depression, anxiety, and confusion. c) hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech. d) None of the above; antipsychotics were created to eliminate side effects present in previous medications.

a

Emil Kraepelin and __________ initially formulated the concept of schizophrenia. a) Eugen Bleuler b) Sigmund Freud c) Jerome Welchup d) none of the above

a

Family studies of the genetic basis for schizophrenia look at a) the rate of schizophrenia in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. b) concordance for schizophrenia in cultures where incest is relatively common. c) the likelihood that a patient with schizophrenia will have children. d) the effects of being raised by a patient with schizophrenia.

a

In the DSM-5, Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome is now a) included in section III (conditions needing further research). b) included in the Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders chapter. c) moved to the Trauma-Related Disorders chapter. d) combined into the Brief Psychotic Disorders diagnosis.

a

Indirect support for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia arose from a) cases of amphetamine psychosis. b) the finding of higher levels of homovanillic acid in the blood of schizophrenics. c) the development of catatonia when psychotic episodes end. d) blockage of dopamine reuptake by antipsychotic medications.

a

James suffers from schizophrenia and flails his limbs wildly with excitement. This is most appropriately labeled as a) catatonia. b) mania. c) hallucinations d) asociality

a

Studies show that, of the schizophrenic symptoms, the ones with the greater genetic component are a) negative symptoms. b) delusions. c) positive symptoms. d) persecution delusions.

a

The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is around __________ percent. a) 1 b) 3 c) 5 d) 7

a

What is the incidence of Schizophrenia for someone when both their parents have schizophrenia a) 27.5%. b) 7%. c) .86%. d) 15.6%.

a

When someone with schizophrenia has trouble performing daily living tasks or dressing normally, or acts in a silly manner, it is referred to as a) disorganized behavior. b) disorganized reactivity. c) avolition. d) blunted behavior.

a

Which of the following are examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia? a) flat affect, lack of initiative b) hallucinations and delusions c) difficulty concentrating, low intelligence, poor memory d) catatonic immobility, waxy flexibility

a

Which of the following is an ongoing issue in the care of patients with schizophrenia? a) preventing substance abuse b) reconnecting patients with their friends c) obtaining affordable long-term residential treatment d) protecting communities from free-standing mental health hospitals

a

Which of the following suggests that dopamine receptors are mainly related to positive (not negative) symptoms of schizophrenia? a) Antipsychotic drugs reduce only positive symptoms. b) Administering dopamine produces little increase in positive symptoms. c) MRIs of schizophrenics with positive symptoms show more receptors. d) Parkinson's Disease involves similar symptoms.

a

"My thoughts get all jumbled up. I start thinking or talking about one thing but then by the time I get to the end of the sentence, I find myself talking about something else instead." This is an example of which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia? a) delusions b) loose associations c) alogia d) avolition

b

A recent comprehensive randomized controlled clinical trial of medication for schizophrenia compared four second-generation drugs and one first-generation drug against one another. Which of the following was NOT a finding of this study? a) The second-generation drugs were not more effective than the older, first-generation drugs. b) The second-generation drugs were much more effective than the older, first-generation drugs. c) The second-generation drugs did not produce fewer unpleasant side-effects. d) Nearly three-quarters of the people stopped taking the medications before the 18 months of the study design had ended.

b

According to the DSM-5, symptoms of schizophrenia must be present for at least __________ in order to be diagnosed. a) 1 month b) 6 months c) 1 year d) 2 years

b

Anhedonia as a symptom of schizophrenia refers to lack of a) emotional expression. b) interest or pleasure. c) coherent speech. d) speech.

b

Children who develop schizophrenia as adults had signs of a cognitive deficit beginning at age a) 6 b) 7 c) 8 d) 9

b

During an acute episode of schizophrenia, the most prominent symptom(s) is/are a) disorientation. b) positive symptoms. c) difficulty concentrating. d) inability to bathe and take care of personal business.

b

Family therapy with families of individuals with schizophrenia commonly emphasizes a) discouraging inappropriate behavior. b) education about schizophrenia. c) minimizing use of drugs. d) genetic counseling.

b

Howard had a psychotic episode following the death of his wife. He had hallucinations in which he would hear her speaking to him, telling him to kill himself. Howard developed elaborate delusions about his ability to communicate with his wife's spirit. Howard recovered from this episode after one week and had no further symptoms What DSM-5 diagnosis would fit Howard's case? a) schizophreniform disorder b) brief psychotic disorder c) schizoaffective disorder d) schizophrenia

b

In regard to studies identifying chromosomal locations of genes involved in schizophrenia, a) there are a few locations that researchers are certainly involved in the disorder. b) the results of these studies are simply too varied to justify any firm conclusions. c) chromosomes 1, 2, 5, and 6 have been implicated in all of the studies to date. d) we now know that schizophrenia is a purely genetic disorder.

b

James is struggling with schizophrenia. He also finds it difficult to experience pleasure from activities that he enjoyed before his symptoms began. This is an example of a) alogia. b) anhedonia. c) avolition. d) asociality.

b

Mark's parents bring him to see a psychologist because they believe Mark is experiencing delusions. What piece of information would most indicate that Mark had schizophrenia and not some other diagnosis? a) His delusions only come when his parents are around. b) His delusions are highly implausible. c) His delusions have persisted for more than 5 years. d) His delusions involve other people.

b

Michael suffers from schizophrenia and was recently released from the hospital. Which of his behaviors are most likely to elicit critical comments from his family when he returns home? a) Believing that NASA has planted a tracking device in his head. b) Sitting on the couch for most of the day and refusing to go for walks with his mother, an activity he greatly enjoyed before his hospitalization. c) Hearing a voice telling him to kill himself. d) Wearing a winter coat, galoshes, and a ski mask while inside the house.

b

Research suggests the brain abnormalities found in those with schizophrenia may be due to a) long-term use of antipsychotic drugs. b) pregnancy and birth complications. c) chronic confused cognitive patterns. d) childhood malnutrition.

b

Sam is being treated with medication for schizophrenia. He involuntarily smacks his lips and seems unable to control his motor movements. Sam most probably is suffering from a) extrapyramidal side effects. b) tardive dyskinesia. c) dystonia. d) neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

b

Studies of children whose mothers had schizophrenia but who were raised by adopted parents indicate a) that there is not a strong genetic factor in the development of schizophrenia. b) that there is a strong genetic factor in the development of schizophrenia. c) that children who were adopted into homes with low EE (expressed emotion) were more likely to develop schizophrenia. d) These studies have been inconclusive.

b

Studies of socioeconomic class (SES) and schizophrenia find that the rate of schizophrenia a) is about equal in low-SES and high-SES individuals. b) is higher in low-SES individuals. c) is higher in high-SES individuals. d) cannot be determined.

b

Symptoms of schizophrenia have been classified as a) positive, neutral, and negative. b) positive, negative, and disorganized. c) organized, positive, and negative. d) organized, disorganized, and negative.

b

The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek word schizein meaning to split and phren meaning a) dissociation. b) mind. c) conscience. d) unconscious state.

b

What does the EE stand for when dealing with critical comments, hostility and emotional over involvement a) earned expression. b) expressed emotion. c) emotion expression. d) earned emotion.

b

When Marcia heard that her favorite cat had been hit by a car and killed, she giggled quietly. This is an example of a) flat blunted affect. b) inappropriate affect. c) anhedonia. d) incoherence.

b

When an individual with schizophrenia shows a blunted affect, that individual a) does not experience emotions. b) does not express emotions. c) does not experience physiological arousal in emotionally intense situations. d) all of the above.

b

Which of the following sociocultural factors is NOT associated with schizophrenia a) Poverty. b) Child rearing practices. c) Urbancity. d) Migration.

b

"When I am trying to relax and read a book, my father puts his thoughts into my head so that I cannot concentrate." This statement by a schizophrenic patient is an example of what type of symptom? a) affective b) motor c) positive d) negative

c

. The traditional drugs for treating schizophrenia a) enable schizophrenics to adjust to hospital life. b) commonly produce depressive side-effects. c) generally reduce only positive symptoms of schizophrenia. d) are effective with less than half of schizophrenics.

c

A consistent brain abnormality found among people with schizophrenia is a) frontal lobe enlargement. b) parietal lobe enlargement. c) enlarged ventricles. d) interrupted tracts in the reticular formation.

c

A recent review of 37 longitudinal studies of people after their first episode of schizophrenia found that a) psychosocial treatments predicted no benefit above and beyond medication. b) medication was useless in treating the disorder over long periods of time. c) the combination of medication and psychosocial treatment predicted the best outcome. d) medication alone predicted the best outcome.

c

Carla has schizophrenia. Which of her symptoms is most likely to be present outside of an acute episode of schizophrenia? a) Hearing a voice telling her she is not good at her job. b) Thinking that her thoughts are being broadcast so others can read them. c) Not showering for days on end. d) None of the above.

c

Carlos has schizophrenia and is living with his parents. One of his symptoms is a difficulty initiating any activity, and once started, he is unable to finish. This is an example of a) akathisia. b) anhedonia. c) avolition. d) alogia.

c

Clozapine, a newer medication for schizophrenia, has which dangerous potential side effect that requires close monitoring during administration? a) a sudden decrease in liver functioning. b) deterioration of spinal fluid integrity. c) loss of white blood cells. d) decreased insulin production.

c

Connie is receiving psychological therapy for schizophrenia. A major focus has been practicing more effective methods for dealing with others, as well as basic life skills such as ordering in restaurants, filling out applications for employment, and reading train schedules. She is likely receiving a) ego-analysis. b) psychoeducation. c) social skills training. d) token economy

c

Data on expressed emotion (EE) indicates that those with schizophrenia are more likely to relapse (that is, return to the hospital) if their families a) are cool, calm, unemotional and aloof. b) are uninvolved. c) are critical and over-involved with them. d) provide excessive emotional support and encouragement.

c

Families with a member with schizophrenia are now encouraged to a) begin preventive efforts, since other family members are likely to develop schizophrenia themselves without early intervention. b) place their mentally ill family member in long-term, out-of-home care. c) join support groups and organizations for the mentally ill, to help reduce stigma and isolation. d) all of the above.

c

Mr. Cook grew up in severely impoverished circumstances. His mother was unmarried and homeless, and Mr. Cook and his six siblings lived on the streets or in shelters for most of their childhood. They had little formal education or opportunity to make progress in the world. After 17 years of this life, Mr. Cook had his first psychotic episode while digging through a trashcan looking for food for his mother; he heard voices telling him to take off his clothes and eat them. Shortly thereafter, Mr. Cook was picked up by police, taken to a psychiatric hospital, and diagnosed as schizophrenic. Mr. Cook's story fits the __________ theory of social class and schizophrenia. a) schizophrenogenic b) high-risk c) sociogenic d) social-selection

c

Mr. Hart spends long hours sitting in a chair with his arms behind his back and his left leg tucked under. No matter what is going on around him, he remains in this position. This is an example of which symptom of schizophrenia? a) somatic passivity b) anhedonia c) catatonic immobility d) inappropriate affect

c

Research investigating the role of the family in schizophrenia best supports the a) schizophrenogenic mother theory. b) triangulation theory. c) expressed emotion theory. d) dopamine theory.

c

Sam believes the Queen of England is in love with him. He does not have any other symptoms. His most likely diagnosis would be a) schizophreniform disorder. b) schizoaffective disorder. c) delusional disorder. d) bipolar disorder with delusions

c

Schizophrenia most commonly appears in a) early childhood. b) middle or late childhood. c) adolescence or early adulthood. d) late adulthood.

c

Sensory experiences in the absence of any relevant stimulation from the environment are called a) delusions. b) ideas of reference. c) hallucinations. d) flights of thought.

c

The DSM-5 criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia include all of the following categories EXCEPT: a) delusions. b) hallucinations. c) forgetfulness. d) disorganized speech.

c

The most common hallucinations experienced by those with schizophrenia are a) visual. b) tactile. c) auditory. d) olfactory.

c

The text points out that the appropriateness of a given treatment for schizophrenia depends on a) how many medications the patient can tolerate. b) the ratio of positive to negative symptoms the patient experiences. c) the stage of illness that the patient is in. d) how biologically based the patient's disorder is.

c

When a person incorporates unimportant events within a delusional framework and reads personal significance into trivial activities of others, it is called a) grandiose delusions. b) hallucinations. c) ideas of reference. d) absence of logic.

c

When people with schizophrenia are hearing voices, one of the parts of the brain that appears to be activated is a) the cerebellum. b) the reticular formation. c) Broca's area. d) Werner's region.

c

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between EE (expressed emotion) and unusual thoughts in a person with schizophrenia? a) Critical comments made by family members lead a person with schizophrenia to have more unusual thoughts b) Unusual thoughts by the patient lead the family of a person with schizophrenia to be more critical c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b

c

Which of the following findings led to the conclusion that schizophrenia may be caused by dopamine activity? a) Parkinson's disease is known to be caused by excess levels of dopamine. b) People with Parkinson's disease are more likely to develop schizophrenia. c) Drugs that relieve schizophrenic symptoms have side effects similar to Parkinson's disease. d) All of the above are correct findings.

c

. In schizophrenia research, prodrome refers to a) neurobehavioral functioning in the disorder. b) positive symptomatology in the disorder. c) intellectual functioning in the disorder. d) the period before a person meets diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia but nonetheless shows some symptoms.

d

. In some studies, cognitive training therapies for people with schizophrenia appear to be a) as effective as psychoanalysis. b) effective for improving cognitive abilities. c) helpful in reducing EE (expressed emotion). d) effective for improving cognitive abilities, as well as improving symptoms.

d

A negative symptom of schizophrenia is a) restricted affect. b) asociality. c) agitation. d) both a and b.

d

Attenuated psychosis syndrome involves a) symptoms that have been present for at least one month, appearing at least once a week. b) beginning or worsening over the past year. c) distressing and disabling symptoms. d) all of the above.

d

In people with schizophrenia, the amount of gray matter in the temporal and frontal cortexes is a) greater than normal. b) normal. c) full of holes and lesions. d) less than normal.

d

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEPT: a) avolition. b) alogia. c) anhedonia. d) delusions.

d

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEPT: a) hallucinations. b) delusions. c) excesses and distortions of emotion. d) sociality

d

Recent research has found that those with schizophrenia have structural and functional abnormalities in the a) temporal cortex b) cerebellum c) prefrontal cortex d) both a and c

d

Research has shown that people being treated with some of the newer antipsychotic medications are less likely to drop out of treatment. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this fact? a) The newer medications are far more effective than the older medications that encourage people to continue to take their medication. b) The newer medications increase insight. That is, people taking the medications realize that they are sick and need the drugs. c) Compared to the older antipsychotics, the newer drugs can be discontinued after achieving the desired therapeutic gain. d) Compared to the older antipsychotics, the newer drugs have less extreme and intrusive side- effects.

d

Roger has a vacant stare. He answers questions in an apathetic, monotone voice, and shows no emotion, even when discussing such events as his mother's death. Roger's affect would be described as a) depressed. b) inappropriate. c) blasé. d) flat or blunted.

d

Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by disturbances in a) thought. b) emotion. c) behavior. d) all of the above.

d

Schizophrenia is diagnosed more frequently among: a) men b) women c) African Americans d) both men and African Americans

d

The DSM-5 removed the subtype of schizophrenia called a) paranoid. b) disorganized. c) catatonic. d) all of the above.

d

The symptom alogia refers to lack of a) intelligence. b) energy and interest. c) emotional response. d) speech.

d

The symptoms of schizophrenia can interfere with all of the following EXCEPT: a) maintaining employment. b) living independently. c) having close relationships with other people. d) all of the above.

d

The text concludes that research has shown that genetic factors in schizophrenia are a) not yet distinguished from environmental factors. b) primarily linked to positive symptoms. c) only weak contributors at best. d) clearly important but not conclusive as to what extent they contribute to the disorder .

d

Those diagnosed with schizophrenia may believe that a) thoughts have been placed inside their heads by outside sources. b) their thoughts are being broadcasted or transmitted to others. c) they are all-powerful and all-knowing. d) all of the above.

d

Which of the following have been proposed as likely contributors to the reductions in hippocampal volume observed in people with schizophrenia? a) stress reactivity and a disrupted amygdala b) anxiety and brain damage c) anxiety and limbic over-arousal d) stress reactivity and a disrupted HPA axis

d