Abnormal Psychology Exam 2

When alcohol concentration reaches _____ of a person's blood by volume, that individual has reached a state of intoxication. A.) 0.09 percent B.) 0.05 percent C.) 0.08 percent D.) 0.10 percent

0.09 percent

Which of the following is an accurate statistic of sufferers of acute or posttraumatic stress disorder in North America? A.) 70 percent seek treatment B.) 30 percent suffer one during their lifetimes C.) 10 percent have one of the disorders in a given year D.) 20 percent attempt suicide

20 percent attempt suicide

someone who experiences four or more alternations between mild mania and major depression within a one-year time span would be classified as having: A.) bipolar I mixed episodes B.) Bipolar II rapid cycling C.) Bipolar I D.) Bipolar II seasonal

Bipolar II rapid cycling

Which drug increases the activity of the central nervous system? A.) Marijuana B.) Barbiturates C.) Alcohol D.) Cocaine

Cocaine

Which description BEST defines self-injury? A.) a behavioral pattern of mutilating oneself or causing oneself pain B.) an accident that causes personal pain and distress C.) a psychological disorder D.) the most common method of parasuicide

a behavioral pattern of mutilating oneself or causing oneself pain

Talking rapidly, dressing flamboyantly, and getting involved in dangerous activities are ____ symptoms of mania A.) motivational B.) behavioral C.) emotional D.) cognitive

behavioral

The age group LEAST likely to commit suicide in the United States is A.) children B.) young adults C.) older adults D.) adolescents

children

The group of hormones that are referred to as stress hormones are: A.) peptide hormones B.) corticosteroids C.) prolactins D.) amino acid derivatives

corticosteroids

Which PTSD symptom is most readily controlled with medication? A.) increased arousal B.) dissociations C.) avoidance behaviors D.) negative memories

increased arousal

Which is typical of posttraumatic stress disorder? A.) increased arousal, negative emotions, and guilt B.) increased responsiveness and emotion right after the event C.) inability to remember the event that led to the stress D.) obsession with revisiting the site of the traumatic event

increased arousal, negative emotions, and guilt

Your aunt says, "I know I'm depressed, and I think and worry about my depression constantly; however, I never actually do anything about it." She is: A.) providing an example of the cognitive triad B.) committing errors in logic C.) making ruminative responses D.) regressing toward the oral stage of development

making ruminative responses

A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their own power, is characteristic of A.) dysthymia B.) mania C.) cyclothymia D.) depression

mania

Daniel's emotional state has changed, putting him at higher risk for suicide. Which emotion has most likely increased? A.) guilt B.) anxiety C.) anger D.) sadness

sadness

Which disorder is most commonly a factor in suicide attempts A.) severe depressive or bipolar disorder B.) anxiety disorder C.) chronic alcoholism D.) schizophrenia

severe depressive or bipolar disorder

People with a sense of "belongingness" who live alone and experience frequent conflicts with others and who believe they have limited social support are experiencing A.) serious illness B.) occupational stress C.) an abusive environment D.) social isolation

social isolation

All the following are part of Beck's theory of depression EXCEPT: A.) automatic thoughts B.) maladaptive attitudes C.) the cognitive triad D.) symbolic loss

symbolic loss

People with low incomes are _____ as likely as people with higher incomes to experience one of the stress disorders. A.) four times B.) twice C.) five times D.) three times

twice

What group is MOST at risk for suicide A.) American Indian males B.) African American females C.) Hispanic American males D.) Non-Hispanic white American females

American Indian males

A person would be LEAST likely to feel drowsy soon after taking a moderate dose of which type of drug?

Amphetamines

Genetic linkage studies have found an abnormal form of a gene for which type of neurotransmitter receptor? A.) D1 B.) serotonin C.) D2 D.) GABA

D2

Which is a depressant? A.) cocaine B.) LSD C.) Amphetamines D.) Opioids

Opioids

One of the nutraceuticals shown to be frequently helpful in treating unipolar depression is A.) melatonin B.) vitamin E C.) St John's wort D.) folate

St johns wort

What makes electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effective in treating unipolar depression? A.) ECT increases norepinephrine and serotonin activity B.) the reasons for ECT's effectiveness are not well understood C.) ECT mimics the effects of cognitive therapy to eliminate negative thoughts D.) ECT has a relaxing effect, which promotes a sense of well-being

The reasons for ECT's effectiveness are not well understood

Which statement accurately describes the demographic differences in developing a stress disorder? A.) people with low income are four times as likely to experience stress disorders B.) non-hispanic Americans are the most likely to develop a stress disorder C.) Women are more likely than men to develop a stress disorder D.) Stress disorders tend to occur only during late adulthood

Women are more likely than men to develop a stress disorder

Which does NOT characterize stress disorders? A.) signs of increased arousal, such as poor sleep and exaggerated startle reactions B.) reduced responsiveness to the world around one C.) a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event D.) recurring memories, dreams, or nightmares about the event

a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

Which individual is MOST at risk for suicide? A.) a hospital administrator working long hours who knows lives may depend on her decisions B.) a women who has decided to seek counseling to deal with a rape she suffered years earlier C.) a military veteran who has headaches and seizures because of a traumatic brain injury D.) a trucker whose job keeps him away from his fiancee for weeks at a time

a military veteran who has headaches and seizures because of a traumatic brain injury

Unlike the opioid drugs morphine and heroin, methadone is A.) not a narcotic B.) non-habit forming C.) a synthetic drug D.) a central nervous system depressor

a synthetic drug

In research on suicide, abnormal serotonin levels and a dysfunctional depression-related brain circuit seem MOST related to: A.) shame B.) aggression C.) selfishness D.) introversion

aggression

Of the following, which has the HIGHEST risk of causing organ damage and long-lasting mental change? A.) barbiturates B.) stimulants C.) opioids D.) alcohol

alcohol

The "high" produced by using narcotics is due to the drug: A.) blocking GABA activity B.) attaching to sites normally receptive to endorphins C.) flooding neurotransmitter synapses with dopamine D.) causing an increased release of serotonin

attacking to sites normally receptive to endorphins

The purpose of an antagonist drug is to: A.) provide a placebo effect to replace a drug's effect B.) block or change the effect of an addictive drug C.) block pain receptors throughout the body D.) reduce withdrawal effects as one stops taking a drug

block or change the effect of an addictive drug

Francoise is depressed. Her therapist asks her about her daily experiences, focusing on how often people say nice things to her. Her therapist MOST likely has a ____ orientation A.) pyschodynamic B.) biological C.) biochemical D.) cognitive-behavioral

cognitive-behavioral

a milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of bipolar disorder but does include brief depressive and manic episodes is called _____ disorder A.) anxiety B.) cyclothymic C.) dysthymic D.) anhedonic

cyclothymic

What kind of depression is unipolar A.) depression that stems from a single event in ones life B.) depression that includes only extreme sadness as a symptom C.) depression that occurs without periods of mania D.) depression that occurs due to the lengthy absence of sunlight during the winter

depression that occurs without periods of mania

According to Seligman's research, dogs that were initially exposed to inescapable electric shocks learned to _____ when given the opportunity to avoid subsequent escapable shocks A.) do nothing B.) quickly escape C.) engage in novel behaviors D.) bark and whimper

do nothing

One distinction that DSM-5-TR makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on the: A.) cause of the anxiety-linked symptoms B.) presence of one or more additional psychological disorders C.) duration of anxiety symptoms D.) intensity of the anxiety-linked symptoms

duration of anxiety symptoms

Which form of brain stimulation treatment for unipolar depression is the oldest and the most controversial? A.) electroconvulsive therapy B.) deep brain stimulation C.) transcranial magnetic stimulation D.) Vagus nerve stimulation

electroconvulsive therapy

A personal constantly weeping is displaying a(n) _____ symptom of depression A.) cognitive B.) emotional C.) behavioral D.) motivational

emotional

Regular use of opioids may reduce the brain's production of: A.) anandamides B.) endorphins C.) dopamine D.) GABA

endorphins

When answering the telephone of a suicide hotline, the first step for the counselor is to A.) establish a positive relationship B.) understand and clarify the problem C.) assess the callers suicide potential D.) formulate a plan

establish a positive relationship

Which of the following is NOT a physical symptom of depression? A.) feeling sad and dejected B.) eating less frequently C.) sleeping poorly D.) experiencing frequent headaches

feeling sad and dejected

Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia occur in response to A.) overdoses of antipsychotic drugs B.) a feeling of invincibility C.) feelings of demoralization D.) voices commanding them to kill themselves

feelings of demoralization

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo and fetus, resulting in: A.) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) B.) excessively large babies C.) fetal alcohol syndrome D.) neonatal Korsakoff's syndrome

fetal alcohol syndrome

The collective reactions generated by the sympathetic nervous system route and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are termed the: A.) conditioned stress response B.) autonomic stress response C.) stressor-stress response D.) fight-or-flight response

fight-or-flight response

When talking with a potentially suicidal individual on a suicide hotline, the final step for the counselor is to: A.) understand and clarify the problem B.) formulate a plan C.) establish a positive relationship D.) assess the caller's suicide potential

formulate a plan

Shayla stopped taking her regular amount of cocaine after using it for months. She will probably experience: A.) dramatic tremors of the hands and face , very rapid heart rate, and convulsions B.) headaches, depressed feelings, and "crashing" C.) pain, sweating, mania, and nausea D.) excitement, insomnia, and hallucinations

headaches, depressed feelings, and "crashing"

Anna is pessimistic and believes that her life will never get better and her problems will only get worse. She is experiencing A.) a mood disorder B.) suicidal ideation C.) hopelessness D.) depression

hopelessness

Besides a stressful event, what else can cause switching of subpersonalities in a client with dissociative identity disorder? A.) hypnotic suggestion B.) a change in the client's medication C.) a change of physical setting D.) a request directed to the primary personality

hypnotic suggestion

During the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of domestic abuse rose significantly. This was attributed to all the following EXCEPT: A.) higher stress levels B.) increased alcohol consumption C.) increased tobacco consumption D.) increased social isolation

increased tobacco consumption

Those people MOST likely to develop stress disorders are: A.) tolerant of uncertainty and think they can control negative things that happen to them B.) intolerant of uncertainty and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them C.) tolerant of uncertainty and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them D.) intolerant of uncertainty and think they can control negative things that happen to them

intolerant of uncertainty and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them

In the United States, suicide rates are highest among the middle-aged. This fact A.) is a recent development, largely explained by economic factors B.) is a recent phenomenon and not yet well understood C.) is due to the way suicides are reported D.) has been known for a long time, but the reasons are still not clear

is a recent phenomenon and not yet well understood

How does a biological predisposition to PTSD originate? A.) it is the product of poor coping strategies or weak social supports B.) it results from continuous repression of unpleasant thoughts C.) it can be either inherited genetically or acquired in childhood D.) it is a combination of equifinality and multifinality

it can be either inherited genetically or acquired in childhood

Which is the MOST accurate statement about the effects of marijuana in chronic male users? A.) it causes lower sperm count in some men B.) it causes infertility in most men C.) it causes abnormal sperm morphology (shake and size) in some men D.) it increases fertility in some men

it causes lower sperm count in some men

Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. A good explanation for their behavior is: A.) artifact theory B.) learned helplessness C.) symbolic (imagined) loss D.) body dissatisfaction

learned helplessness

Using past experiences to believe that one has no control over the reinforcements in one's life is called: A.) cognitive dissonance B.) learned helplessness C.) persistent depressive disorder with dysthymic syndrome D.) negative attribution theory

learned helplessness

Two people of the same gender consume the same amount of alcohol in the same amount of time. Nevertheless, one of them sobers up substantially sooner than the other, MOST likely, this difference is due to differences in: A.) food intake, specifically food eaten immediately after drinking concluded B.) liver function; some people's livers metabolize alcohol faster than others' livers C.) breathing rate; people who breathe more often can exhale the carbon dioxide by product of alcohol metabolism faster D.) activity level while drinking increased activity increases the metabolism rate

liver function; some people's livers metabolize alcohol faster than others' livers

biological researchers have found a link between suicide and A.) low activity levels of serotonin B.) an elevated number of serotonin receptor sites C.) high activity levels of dopamine D.) high levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

low activity levels of serotonin

The number of diagnosed cases of dissociative identity disorder increased in the 1980s and 1990s. Some researchers are concerned about this trend, stating that: A.) many of the cases are unintentionally produced by clinicians B.) there are no research studies that confirm the disorders existence C.) this is a ploy used by criminals to try and avoid consequences for their criminal activity D.) the disorder cannot be definitively diagnosed until the person has been in therapy for more than seven years

many of the cases are unintentionally produced by clinicians

What term describes the behaviors of people who attempt suicide after observing or reading about someone else who has done so? A.) parasuicide B.) social learning C.) the bystander effect D.) modeling

modeling

When a rash of suicides occurs in the aftermath of a celebrity's suicide or a case that has been highly publicized by the media, behavioral theorists believe it is attributable to: A.) modeling B.) fear C.) hopelessness D.) helplessness

modeling

Étienne attempts suicide and has a psychological disorder. The disorder is most likely a: A.) mood disorder B.) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder C.) eating disorder D.) dissociative disorder

mood disorder

A diagnostic criterion for posttraumatic stress disorder is the presence of significant distress or impairment for: A.) more than one year B.) more than one month C.) more than six months D.) up to three weeks

more than one month

Alexis has dissociative identity disorder. When one of her personalities, Jodi, is asked about another one, Tom, she claims ignorance. Tom has never heard of Jodi, either. That is called a: A.) mutually amnesic relationship B.) mutually cognizant pattern C.) one-way amnesic relationship D.) coconscious relationship

mutually amnesic relationship

Drugs that bind to endorphin receptor sites and make it impossible for opioids to have their usual effect are known as: A.) benzodiazepines B.) detoxifiers C.) narcotic antagonist D.) agonist drugs

narcotic antagonist

Those MOST likely to experience substantial stress symptoms after the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, were those who lived: A.) far away from New York City B.) near Washington, DC C.) near New York City D.) on the West Coast of the United States

near New York City

According to Aaron Beck, what are central to the development of unipolar depression A.) reduced social rewards B.) negative thoughts C.) underlying conflicts D.) losses in childhood

negative thoughts

The abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter has been linked to traumatic events? A.) dopamine B.) norepinephrine C.) GABA D.) serotonin

norepinephrine

Susan deliberately overdoses on pills in an attempt at suicide, but her attempt at suicide does not succeed. This suicide attempt is called a: A.) parasuicide B.) pseudosuicide C.) sublethal suicide D.) subintentional suicide

parasuicide

Opioid antagonists can produce withdrawal symptoms. Opioid antagonists that produce less severe withdrawal are: A.) maintenance agonists B.) pseudo-antagonists C.) partial antagonists D.) opioid agonists

partial antagonists

People in an occupation with a particularly high rate of suicide are A.) mail carriers B.) used-car salespeople C.) police officers D.) retail workers

police officers

Which is NOT a type of major depressive disorder? A.) seasonal B.) melancholic C.) catatonic B.) posttraumatic

posttraumatic

Ruminative responses are defined as A.) failing to act because a person perceives no control over the outcome that follow his or her actions B.) looking the ability to make rational decisions C.) repeated mentally dwelling of one's mood without acting to change it D.) behaviors that occur frequently for a period of several months

repeated mentally dwelling of one's mood without acting to change it

A friend has done some heavy drinking and asks you what to do to "sober up" as quickly as possible. The response that is MOST appropriate is: A.) stop drinking B.) drink carbonated soda C.) drink coffee, lots of coffee D.) take an ice-cold shower

stop drinking

Which structure is part of the depression-related brain circuit but not part of circuits that contribute to anxiety disorders and PTSD A.) prefrontal cortex B.) subgenus cingulate C.) hippocampus D.) amygdala

subgenus cingulate

A college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior would be: A.) substance intoxication B.) withdrawal C.) tolerance D.) substance use disorder

substance use disorder

The long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior caused by the regular use of some chemical or drug is called: A.) hallucinosis B.) intoxication disorder C.) tolerance D.) substance use disorder

substance use disorder

_____ involves using a drug to the point that it affects one's family, social relationships, and/or work. A.) substance intoxication B.) substance use disorder C.) substance tolerance D.) substance withdrawal

substance use disorder

Leo drank quite a lot at the "biggest party of the year". Later, he had trouble falling asleep, so he took a valium. If he dies from respiratory failure during the night, it is probably because the alcohol and valium created a(n): A.) cross-tolerance effect B.) complementary action C.) synergistic effect D.) antagonistic action

synergistic effect

Women have higher rates of PTSD than men. Many researchers attribute this to: A.) biological factors, including genetic influences B.) greater frequency of traumatic experiences among women C.) the types of violent traumas women experience D.) cultural factors that give women greater freedom to be seen as victims

the types of violent traumas women experience

Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of: A.) withdrawl B.) tolerance C.) resistance D.) dependence

tolerance

A person uses a substance at noon. Although remaining awake and alert, the person experiences poor coordination, palpitations, and greatly enhanced visual perceptions. By dinner, the symptoms have almost completely subsided. The person MOST likely: A.) drank a substantial amount of alcohol B.) took LSD C.) injected heroin D.) took a dose of barbiturates

took LSD

How long must depression last to be classified as major depressive episode A.) two months B.) two weeks C.) two years D.) one year

two weeks