Abnormal Psychology exam- Ch. 14, 15,16

This is the most common type of neurocognitive disorder.

Alzheimer's disease

To control occasional pain and inflammation, a person uses an over-the-counter drug containing ibuprofen. Interestingly, recent research shows that the person also may be reducing the risk of contracting which disease?

Alzheimer's disease

With this neurocognitive disorder, the time between onset and death is between 8 and 10 years.

Alzheimer's disease

What is the relationship between age and anxiety in the elderly?

As age increases, the rate of anxiety disorders increases.

Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder differ from adult patterns in that:

Children display rage and aggression rather than mania

Which is NOT a criticism of the insanity defense?

Clinicians are biased to assume that people have free will and are responsible for their actions.

This neurocognitive disorder includes symptoms of body spasms.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

The version of the insanity defense that declares that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions if those actions were the result of mental disease or mental defect is called the:

Durham test.

One speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called:

Echolalia

The outcome of this case determined that the state cannot continue to institutionalize people against their will if they are not dangerous and capable of surviving on their own or with the willing help of responsible family members or friends

O'Connor vs. Donaldson

Which person would be diagnosed correctly with intellectual disability?

One with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life

A child will not obey her mother. When threatened with punishment, she swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. Her outbreaks seem to be restricted to her parents, but she is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of:

Oppositional defiant disorder

An individual suffering from a neurological disorder shows no evidence of infection or poisoning but experiences tremors, rigidity, and unsteadiness. The MOST probable diagnosis is:

Parkinson's disease.

The U.S. supreme court in this case ruled that imprisoning those who are addicted to drugs was cruel and unusual punishment.

Robinson v. California

When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps her arms, twists her hands and fingers and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in:

Self stimulatory behavior

Compared to past years, what has changed in the professional roles of psychologists and psychiatrists?

Some psychologists are able to prescribe psychiatric medication

Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which criteria have been met?

The children have reached an age at which he or she is expected to control their bodily functions

What must be true before a person may be tried for a crime and potentially found guilty?

The person must be capable of helping to defend himself or herself in court.

Results from TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) BEST support which of the following conclusions?

Treatment that works for one category of people may not be effective for another category of people

Which person is MOST likely to be acquitted by reason of insanity?

a white American with schizophrenia

A child with autism spectrum disorder points to a picture of a fork on a board rather than saying, "I want food." This child is using:

an augmentative communication system

If a person accused of a crime is found not guilty by reason of insanity, he or she is committed to a psychiatric facility for treatment. This is called:

criminal commitment

With Alzheimer's disease, physical health usually:

declines less rapidly than mental health

If someone is interested in pursuing a career in a field that combined mental health and the legal and judicial systems, you should direct that person toward:

forensic psychology.

A 65-year-old in otherwise very good health typically will experience occasional:

memory difficulties.

In people with Alzheimer's disease, memory problems appear to be caused by disruption of the production of:

memory-linked proteins.

Imagine that I just stubbed my toe and cried "Ouch." A child with autism spectrum disorder, when asked if I was hurt, said "No, because she wasn't hurt." This inability to take the perspective of another is referred to as:

mind blindness

This is a treatment approach that helps children express their conflicts and feelings indirectly by drawing, interacting with toys, and making up stories

play therapy

a child whose therapist asks her to draw pictures about his life, then introduces games and stories to help the child work through her conflicts and change her emotions and behavior is most likely receiving:

play therapy

Hormonal changes, life demands, and body dissatisfaction are all reasons to explain why:

postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys.

The American Psychological Association code of ethics states that sexual relationships between a psychologist and client are:

prohibited under almost all circumstances.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder describes children with patterns of severe_____.

rage

Given the role of the hippocampus in long-term memory formation, you would suspect a problem in the _____ for someone experiencing difficulty with long-term memory.

temporal lobes

Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder of childhood. If you didn't know what the child's diagnosis, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism spectrum disorder?

the child is not responsive to other people

A female child is diagnosed with autism spectrum. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is:

uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain sever into adulthood

A person who is accused of a crime cannot be convicted if he or she is mentally unstable either at the time of the crime or at the time of the trial. This minimum standard of competence to stand trial is important to ensure that the person:

understand the charges and can work with his or her lawyers.

This neurocognitive disorder follows a stroke.

vascular neurocognitive disorder

A person quite suddenly begins to show specific cognitive impairment and difficulty in speaking, yet other cognitive functions appear normal. MOST likely, that person is experiencing:

vascular neurocognitive disorder.

For a person to be involuntarily committed, the mental health professional must provide clear and convincing proof of mental illness:

with 75 percent certainty

What would be the BEST advice to give someone who wants to retain good cognitive functioning as long as possible in old age?

"Exercise your body and your mind—use it or lose it."

According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the standard for "clear and convincing proof" is

75 percent certainty.

A child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and receives a sticker and praise from a parent. Later in the week, accumulated stickers may be turned in for a highly desired toy. This child is undergoing:

Dry-bed training for enuresis

Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friend's house or go to camp. His condition is called:

Enuresis

This psychomotor test is used to help screen for neurocognitive disorders.

Gesture imitation test

Behavioral and somatic symptoms rather than cognitive ones, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders:

In children rather than in adults

Those who begin unhealthy drinking patterns later in life typically begin as a response to

Negative events and pressures of growing older

An elderly individual has just been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. MOST likely, the diagnosis is:

generalized anxiety disorder.

Sources of discrimination in the mental health care of the elderly include:

language barriers that interfere with medical and mental health care.

If a psychologist wanted to write a newspaper column on mental health issues in the community, what would that psychologist need to do to comply with professional ethical standards?

The psychologist would need to make sure the advice was based on sound research.

If you were having marital problems that were affecting your work, and your employer made mental health services available to you to deal with those problems, your employer would be providing you with:

an employee assistance program.

The specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include:

an impairment of the ability to recognize words and comprehend what is being read

Among the elderly, schizophrenia is:

less common than among younger individuals, and there are fewer new cases per year.

A partially supervised apartment, a senior housing complex for mildly impaired elderly people, and a nursing home with round-the-clock care are all examples of:

long-term care.

Mild intellectual disability is MOST common in which socioeconomic class?

lower

An individual with Alzheimer's disease is no longer able to function independently. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this person's condition is:

major neurocognitive disorder.

A particular problem found MORE often in the elderly that is related to substance abuse is:

misuse of prescription drugs.

An individual is extremely sad, can't sleep well, and experiences very low, and decreasing, self- esteem. These are features of depression among:

both the elderly and the young.

Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder is MORE common in ______ than ______.

boys than girls

A child has received the diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder. You would expect that he would have a problem:

buttoning his shirt and dressing in general.

This form of therapy is particularly useful in treating anxiety disorders among the elderly.

cognitive-behavioral therapy

An elderly person has been diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder, but the disorder is not Alzheimer's disease. Among the elderly, such a diagnosis is:

common—about a third of neurocognitive disorders are not Alzheimer's disease.

As people age, the incidence of alcohol abuse and other forms of substance abuse:

decreases.

Those suffering from this may believe that it is morning in the middle of the night or that they are home when actually they are in a hospital room.

delirium

A therapist who broke confidentiality with a patient without the patient's consent because of fears that the person would harm someone else was acting according to the ethical principle of:

duty to protect.

An individual seeking help from a geropsychologist is MOST likely:

elderly

This is a mental health program offered by a business to its employees

employee assistance program

Pat does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. These symptoms MOST likely indicate:

ADHD (attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder)

Intelligence test results should not be the only things used to determine intellectual disability, because intelligence test scores:

Don't indicate level of adaptive behavior

The reason that offenders are being released from mental hospitals earlier and earlier is the result of:

the increasing effectiveness of drug therapy.

You would suspect a problem in the _____ for someone experiencing difficulty with short-term memory.

prefrontal cortex

Timothy is in his 60s. He has suffered from a psychotic disorder his entire life but the symptoms of the disorder have lessened as he has gotten older. Which disorder did he likely have?

schizophrenia

The MOST common diagnosis of those found not guilty by reason of insanity is:

schizophrenia.

What does it mean to say that intelligence tests are culturally biased?

They are biased in favor of those form middle and upper socioeconomic levels who are exposed to the kinds of language and typical experiences that the test evaluates

This case determined that the state was required to provide adequate treatment to all people who had been committed involuntarily

Wyatt v. Stickney

An elderly person who believes falsely that others are conspiring against her, cheating her, or spying on her and who behaves in angry, irritable, and depressed ways is exhibiting:

a delusional disorder.

If parents go to a mental health professional and seek to have their son committed, and the mental health professional agrees and involuntarily commits the son without a hearing or the opportunity for the son to contest the decision, we know that the son is probably:

a minor.

If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do?

avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established

One of the MOST frequent reasons for the institutionalization of Alzheimer's patients is:

because home caregivers are overwhelmed.

The first reaction to early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease typically is:

denial of symptoms.

The typical pattern of Alzheimer's for the patient is:

denial, anxiety, withdrawal, dependency.

Individuals with Down syndrome:

have the same range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without down syndrome

Which of the following is the leading cause of death among the elderly?

heart disease

Research indicates that eyewitness testimony is:

impaired by events of the crime

Among the elderly, psychotic cognitive symptoms are usually due to:

neurocognitive disorders.

Samuel, who is older than 65, reports taking six prescription drugs, in addition to regularly taking two over-the-counter drugs. Among the elderly, Samuel is:

normal; the average elderly individual takes about this amount of drugs.

A child is in public school, but she is grouped with other low-IQ children like him. she and her classmates have a specially designed program that is different from that of the other children in the school. This is MOST likely an example of:

special education

The drug Ritalin is classified as a(n):

stimulant

The best evidence we have to date suggests that early-onset Alzheimer's is transmitted genetically in families that:

transmit mutations of certain protein-producing genes.

In the case of Wyatt v. Stickney, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that people who have been involuntarily committed have a right to:

treatment

Temporary commitment in an emergency situation is possible if:

two physicians certify it (two-physician certificates, (2 PCs)).

In an emergency, if a person is clearly suicidal or homicidal because of hallucinations and delusions, that person can be involuntarily committed by:

two physicians.