Abnormal Psychology Module 1

According to which historical theory was abnormal behavior the result of the breakdown of systems in the body?

Biological

Mesmerism was later known as __________.

hypnosis

Johann Weyer believed that those accused of being witches were suffering from __________.

melancholy and senility

Which of the following are inappropriate terms for psychological abnormality that have been used to oversimplify or shame people with mental illnesses?

- Kooky - Demented - Bonkers - Crazy

Mesmer's treatment of hysterical disorders involved which of the following?

- inducing a powerful magnetic field that would cause symptoms to disappear - realigning the person's magnetic field

To which of the following does psychoanalysis refer?

- a form of treatment for psychopathology - a theory of personality and psychopathology - a method of investigating the mind

Which of the following treatments did the mental hygiene movement adovcate?

- a serene and physically appealing environment - rest and relaxation - prayers and incantations

In what ways does managed care address some of the problems of deinstitutionalization?

- by helping to coordinate care offered by other providers - by helping patients to find appropriate care - by ensuring that patients have access to appropriate care

The early laws regarding confinement of the mentally ill in Europe were which of the following?

- concerned with protection of the ill person's relatives - the same as in the US - concerned with the protection of the public

After deinstitutionalization, which of following community-based programs were instituted?

- day treatment centers - halfway houses - community mental health centers

Psychiatric historians have argued that many persons accused of witchcraft in the Middle Ages may have been which of the following?

- experiencing delusional behavior - experiencing hallucinations - mentally ill

Which of the following steps did Pinel take in his treatment of patients?

- he provided patients with clean and sunny rooms - he provided comfortable sleeping quarters - he ordered that patients be allowed to walk freely around the asylum

Which of the following statements are true about how abnormal behaviors were viewed in the Middle Ages?

- it was a time of backward thinking dominated by an obsession with supernatural forces. - while laypeople probably did believe in demons and curses as causes of abnormal behavior, physicians, and government officials did not. - severe emotional shock and physical illness were most often seen as the cause of abnormal behaviors.

Which of the following statements about the early Greeks and Romans are true?

- most Greek and Roman citizens saw abnormal behavior as an affliction from the gods. - physicians rejected supernatural explanations of abnormal behavior. - Plato and Socrates said that some forms of abnormal behavior were divine and the persons afflicted could have prophetic gifts.

The early laws in Europe and the US allowed which of the following behaviors in treating the mentally ill?

- relatives could beat the patients with rods - relatives could put the patient in a house and bind or chain him - relatives could do any forcible act to reclaim the patient

The cures Mesmer effected in his psychiatric patients were attributed at the time to which of the following?

- the realignment of magnetic fluids through Mesmer's own powerful magnetic force - the trancelike state induced in his patients - the suggestion that the patient's aliments would disappear

Which of the following are true of psychiatrists?

- they have been trained to conduct psychotherapies - they have an MD degree - they have specialized training in treating psychological disorders

Cognitions are which of the following?

- thought processes that influence behaviors and emotion - internal thought processes that mediate the relationship between stimulus and response

The goals of managed care are which of the following?

- to prevent future medical problems - to coordinate services for an existing medical problem

What are the four D's of abnormal behavior?

1. Dangerous 2. Dysfunction 3. Distress 4. Deviance

A PsyD differs from a PhD in psychology in what way?

A PsyD emphasizes clinical training more than research training

A phenomenon in which a large number of people engage in unusual behaviors that appear to have a physiological origin is called which of the following?

A physic epidemic

In Viking times, Birger started acting irrationally, claiming to hear voices and have visions. What would have been the most likely course of action to cure him?

A shaman or healer would have been called in to perform an exorcism

A common belief is that a mental illness implies that an individual has which of the following? A. a disease B. an inability to tell right from wrong C. a dangerous disposition D. a tendency toward pathological deviance

A. a disease

The psychologists who argued that people prone to psychological disorders are plagued by irrational negative assumptions about themselves and the world was which of the following people?

Albert Ellis

An alternative to the hypothesis that trephination was used to drive evil spirits away was that it was used for which of the following?

As a means of removing blood clots and for other medical purposes

One of the most infamous early mental hospitals in London was nicknamed ___________.

Bedlam

Beginning in the eleventh century, abnormality began to be seen as caused by which of the following?

Both witchcraft and satanism

Which of the following must have a PhD or PsyD in psychology and a specialization in treating and researching psychological problems?

Clinical psychologists

Ivan P. Pavlov, a Russian neurophysiologist, developed a process known as which of the following?

Classical conditioning

A therapy developed by Aaron Beck that focused on the irrational thoughts of people with psychological problems was called which of the following?

Cognitive therapy

The view that there are not universal standards or rules for labeling behavior as abnormal is called which of the following? A. the abnormality/normality continuum B. cultural reality C. cultural norming D. cultural relativism

D. cultural relativism

All of the following signify abnormal behavior except... A. highly dangerous to the individuals of others. B. highly unusual for social context. C. Interferes with social and/or occupational functioning. D. not distressing to the individual.

D. not distressing to the individual.

Historians believe that prehistoric people had a concept of insanity rooted in which of the following? A. chronic stress B. overwhelming trauma C. physical illness D. supernatural beliefs

D. supernatural beliefs

As advocated by the patients' rights movement, which of the following processes aimed to integrate mental patients into the community?

Deinstitutionalization

The conditions patients were exposed to at most of the early asylums could be described as which of the following?

Deplorable

Teresa of Avila claimed that the mass hysteria she witnessed at a convent was the result of which of the following?

Drowsiness, a weak imagination, and melancholy

Constantly thinking that you are Satan and that you should be punished makes it impossible to go to school or have a job. This is an example of which of the four D's of abnormality?

Dysfunction

The basis for the modern classification systems of psychological disorders came out of the work of which of the following psychiatrists?

Emil Kraepelin

T/F: An advantage of understanding culture relativism is that it advocates for imposing one's own cultural understanding of what is considered normal and abnormal over someone else's.

False

T/F: In popular culture there are not many words to describe abnormal behavior.

False

T/F: Some historians suggest trephination may have been used as adjacent to holistic medicine, such as acupuncture.

False; some historians suggest trephination may have been used for the removal of blood clots.

T/F: The practice of trephination included drilling holes in the skull to allow blood flow to reach various parts of the brain.

False; the practice of trephination included drilling holes in the skull to allow spirits to be released.

Our understanding of prehistoric people's conceptions of abnormality is based on which of the following?

Fragment of bones, artwork, and ancient tools

Licensed mental health counselors typically have attained which education level?

Graduate training in counseling

Which of the following offered people with long-term mental health problems the opportunity to live in a structured, supportive environment as they tried to reestablish a job and ties to family and friends?

Halfway houses

Mesmer focused on the treatment of which type of psychological disorders?

Hysterical disorders

Mesmer believed that people have which of the following substances in the body that must be distributed in a particular pattern to maintain health?

Magnetic field

Which type of therapist help couples and children overcome problems that are interfering with their well-being?

Marriage and family therapist

Mesmer's methods were known by what name?

Mesmerism

The idea that behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated was called which of the following?

Operant conditioning

Clinical social workers focus on helping people with psychological problems do which of the following?

Overcome social conditions contributing to their problems

Who initiated the practice of allowing patients freedom to walk around the asylym?

Philippe Pinel

In the early Middle Ages, insanity was believed to have been caused by which of the following?

Physical injury or severe emotional shock

Philippe ________ believed that many forms of abnormality could be cured by restoring patients' dignity and tranquility.

Pinel

William Tuke's asylum focused on restoring which of the following in patients?

Self-restraint

Alyssa's depression became so severe that she stopped attending work and is at risk of being let go from her job. What characteristic of abnormal behavior best fits Alyssa' symptom?

Significantly interferes with social or occupational functioning

Currently, mental disorders are viewed as a collection of problems in which of the following areas?

Social behavior, emotional responding, and thinking

Which of the following are the three theories of treatment of abnormal behavior that advanced greatly in the early 20th century?

Social, biological, and psychological theory

Pavlov developed methods and theories for understanding behavior in terms of which of the following?

Stimuli and responses

According to which historical theory of abnormal behavior were psychological illnesses and conditions thought to be the result of demons trapped inside a person's head, and the best way to treat the problem was to cut a hole in the skull to let the spirits out?

Supernatural

The idea that behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated was proposed by which of the following teams?

Thorndike and Skinner

According to the ancient Chinese, illness, including insanity, resulted when which of the following occurred?

Yin and Yang were not in balance

Teresa of Avila used the term comas enfermas to describe the behavior she witnessed in nuns. This term means the nuns were acting ___________.

as if sick

Basic knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, neurology, and chemistry of the body led to an increasing focus on the ________ causes of abnormality.

biological

The _______ mental health movement attempted to provide coordinated mental healthy services to people in community mental health centers.

community

In the mid-twentieth century, a class of drugs called ___________ were discovered that allowed many institutionalized people to be released from hospitals.

phenothiazines

In managed care, who is typically responsible for first identifying mental health problems?

primary care provider

According to _________ theories, abnormal behavior is a result of traumas, such as bereavement or chronic stress.

psychological

The therapy in which therapists challenged, sometimes harshly, their patients' irrational belief systems was called ___________-emotive therapy.

rational