Abnormal psychology test 3
________ are white blood cells that circulate through the lymph system and bloodstream.
Lymphocytes
What is the MOST likely explanation for the different explanations of eating disorders in men and women?
Male eating disorders are more likely to be tied to work or sports
"I feel great!" a friend says, " Let's go to the casino and play the slots." Your friend has been to the casino several times in the past two weeks and just can't seem to stay away. Does your friend qualify for the diagnosis of gambling disorder?
Maybe; a distressed mood goes with gambling, and your friend's behavior seems out of control
Is there any genetic explanation for substance use disorders?
Maybe; those with a substance use disorder are more likely than those without a disorder to have an abnormal D2 receptor gene
___________ is a technique of turning one's concentration inward, achieving a slightly changed state of consciousness, and temporarily ignoring all stressors.
Meditation
Which statement is suggested by recent research on body dissatisfaction among college students?
Men who are overweight and underweight are more dissatisfied than those who are of medium weight
Many teenagers go on occasional eating binges. Which statement is true about this behavior?
Most people who engage in the behavior do not have bulimia
Which person would be MOST likely to develop alcoholism?
a lower socioeconomic class person living in a high unemployment area
According to DSM-5, the cut-off point for diagnosing early ejaculation is within______ of initiating sexual activity.
a minute
Based on the likely sociocultural factors related to erectile disorders, the BEST advice you could give to an aging couple would be to:
"Provide more intense and lengthy penile stimulation."
"I just received a DSM-5 diagnosis of Internet use disorder," a friend says. "What do you think?" Your MOST accurate reply would be:
"That's not possible. The disorder is not in the DSM-5."
A man awakens after eight hours of normal sleep and has unbroken "snap gauge" band. There's a good chance that the man has:
a physical basis for his erectile problems
Sam has just had an injection of heroin. He feels intense pleasure very quickly. This is known as:
a rush
Which is NOT a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
a view that one is currently unattractively thin
Which medical breakthrough is MOST likely to appeal to an overweight person?
a way to safely increase GLP-1 in humans
According to recent studies, in a random sample of 24 employed adults, you would expect that about 2 of them would be using an illegal drug. In a random sample of 24 unemployed adults, how many illegal drug users would you expect to find?
4
A patient in an alcohol rehabilitation center tells you a detailed story about growing up in the mountains of Tennessee. Later, you find out that the person had never even visited you. Most likely, the patient is suffering from:
Korsakoff's syndrome
One study shows that, in "substance-free" dorms, the percentage of students who are occasional binge drinkers is:
about 36 percent
If grandpa is 90 and healthy, what is the chance, expressed as a percentage, that he still masturbates at least occasionally?
about 40 percent
That eating disorders are rising among nonwhite Americans levels approaching the rates for white Americans is MOST likely due to:
acculturation
If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years and gradually developed a problem with becoming aroused under any condition, the type of dysfunction would be:
acquired and generalized
Which professions put one MOST at risk for an eating disorder?
actors and certain athletes
All treatments for anorexia nervosa share the long-term common goal of:
addressing the underlying causes of the disorders
Conversion disorders most often appear in:
adolescence
According to the chart in your textbook, teenagers say that the drug easiest for them to obtain is:
alcohol
"I have this vague sense that something isn't right, but I just can't describe it," is a statement MOST likely said by someone experiencing:
alexithymia
The medical problem that is twice as frequent in women with anorexia as it is in women with bulimia is:
amenorrhea
Which problem is common in anorexia nervosa?
amenorrhea
Lola's physician prescribed diet pills many years ago. Which of the following drugs did the pills MOST likely contain?
amphetamines
Which is a foreign invader of the body?
antigen
Fungi are an example of:
antigens
Compared to people with anorexia nervosa, MOST people with bulimia:
are of a more normal weight
All the treatment methods for bulimia nervosa share the immediate goal of:
assisting patients to eliminate their binge-purge patterns
Shelly is experiencing shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing, and feels as if she is chocking. Which does Shelly have?
asthma
Worldwide, 235 million people suffer from:
asthma
Defects in the __________ system are thought to contribute to the development of psychophysiological disorders.
autonomic nervous
A client being treated for alcohol abuse receives just enough of a drug called curare to produce temporary paralysis as that client takes a swig of beer. Presumably, sufficient pairings of paralysis and alcohol will reduce the client's desire for alcohol. This procedure is called:
aversion therapy
Because of the likelihood of convulsions, withdrawal from_______ is especially dangerous
barbiturates
Which combination is MOST likely to result in antagonistic effects?
barbiturates and cocaine
Based on past results, one would predict that women who win the Miss America Pageant in the future will:
be smaller than those in the past
Why is the risk of transmitting AIDS an important factor for heroin users?
because heroin users often share needles that can be infected
"It seems to me that people with illness anxiety disorder simply model what they see others doing." A person with which theoretical view would be MOST likely to say this?
behavioral
Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not do. This is a __________ explanation of conversion symptoms.
behavioral
Marion felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used:
cocaine
Increasingly concerned about my minor heartbeat irregularities, I think that my health is being threatened, and more and more often I misinterpret my body's normal signals. Which viewpoint BEST explains my experiences?
cognitive
Which is a negative effect of cannabis use?
decrease in fertility
Chronic and excessive use of benzodiazepines may cause the:
decreased production of GABA
A man experiencing the process of erection and partial elevation of the testes is in which stage of sexual response?
desire
In females, the labia swells during which phase of the sexual response cycle?
desire
A factor increasing the likelihood of a relapse of a person with bulimia is:
development of pattern of frequent vomiting
If a person says, "I must be perfect in every way. I'll be a better person if I deprive myself of food," that person is engaging in:
distorted thinking
Jess thought she was taking an aspirin. But later when she had a glass of wine and became very nauseated she realized the pill was:
disulfiram
If genetics plays a strong role in the development of cocaine abuse, we would expect to find the lowest concordance rates for cocaine abuse among:
genetically unrelated pairs of people
In the past 30 years, the rate of opioid addiction in the United States has:
gone down and up at least twice
For people with bulimia nervosa, binge episodes produce feelings of:
guilt and depression
The perceptual distortions some drugs produce are called:
hallucinosis
The MOST powerful form of cannabis is:
hashish
Which finding BEST argues against the idea that female orgasmic problems are due to society's message to women that they should deny their sexuality? Many women with arousal and orgasmic difficulties:
have a history of rape or child sexual molestation
Ellen stopped taking her regular amount of cocaine after using it for months. She will probably experience:
headaches, depressed feelings, and "crashing"
If grandma is 90 and healthy, what is the chance, expressed as a percentage, that she still masturbates at least occasionally?
higher than 20 percent
Beyond its use in the control of pain, __________ has been used successfully to help treat such problems as skin diseases, asthma, insomnia, high blood pressure, warts, and other forms of infection.
hypnosis
The part of the brain MOST closely associated with the control of eating and body weight is the:
hypothalamus
Which system is the body's network of activities and cells that identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells?
immune system
In which case is someone MOST likely to develop an eating disorder?
in the person has an identical twin with anorexia nervosa
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of female sexual interest/arousal disorder?
inadequate lubrication during sexual activity
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder differs from male hypoactive sexual desire disorder MOST notably in that it:
includes difficulties in both the desire and arousal stages of the sexual response cycle
In the Unites States, over the past several decades, the typical duration of sexual intercourse has:
increased, as has the distress of those suffering from early ejaculation
An otherwise healthy man repots almost no interest in sexual activity and has had very few sexual experiences in the past several years. That person MOST likely is experiencing:
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
A researcher repots that a drug directly stimulates a reward center in the brain rather than through indirect stimulation of a reward center. The drug the researcher is studying could be any of the following drugs EXCEPT:
marijuana
Recent studies show that gender-sensitive programs for treating substance abuse:
may be very useful; substance abusers of different genders have different physical and psychological reactions to drugs
The major disadvantage of using forced tube-feeding for patients with eating disorders who refuse to eat is that the patients:
may become distrustful of the medical establishment and uncooperative with further treatment
An individual who has been diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder would MOST likely first seek:
medical help
The "club drug" that damages nerve ending but is NOT considered hallucinogenic is:
methamphetamine
With ___________, a person pays attention to the feelings, thoughts, and sensations that are flowing through his or her mind but do so with detachment and objectivity and, most important, without judgment.
mindfulness meditation
What is the risk of tolerance and physical addiction to hallucinogens as compared to that of other addictive drugs
minimal
Freebasing has the effect of making cocaine:
more concentrated
A patient in therapy who eats exactly eight pieces of bread that he has carefully made into balls of equal diameter is displaying a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to:
obsessive-compulsive disorder
The psychological disorder that anorexia nervosa MOST resembles is:
obsessive-compulsive disorder
The proportion of Americans over the age of 11 who smoke is about:
one-quarter
According to reports about the effectiveness of Drug Courts and Sobriety High programs, how likely are those who complete these programs to violate the law again compared with those who do not complete them?
one-quarter as likely
In what proportion of suicides and rapes in the United States does alcoholism play a role?
one-third
What is a depressant?
opioids
People suffering form anorexia nervosa tend to:
overestimate their body size
Kelsey feels stressed because of her responsibilities of being a mom. However, she tends to be optimistic, engages in constructive coping, and is resilient. The likelihood of her developing a psychophysiological disorder is slim due to:
personality style
What appears to be the key factor in determining the types of food that are likely to be eaten in a binge?
rapidity through soft texture
Which person would be the MOST likely to cut out sweets, then eliminate more and more types of foods, but not engage in food vomiting?
someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa
A modern explanation of why many people with anorexia continually have food-related thoughts and dreams is that:
such thoughts and dreams are the result of food deprivation
Which of the following would NOT be considered a "drug"?
sugar
The treatment that has been MOST popular for restoring weight among persons with anorexia is:
supportive nursing care and a high-calorie diet
Probably the WORST thing one who has "partied hard" with alcohol could do right after drinking would be to:
take son barbiturates to fall asleep
Almost two-thirds of women athletes engage in self-destructive ways of controlling their weight. Which method is MOST common?
taking diet pills
Approximately 45 million Americans suffer from:
tension headaches
Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in low but not high levels?
testosterone
Which activity is an overweight female teenager with an eating disorder NOT more likely to do than her peers?
texting
People who are mildly to moderately obese can legitimately conclude that:
they should be left alone or encouraged to set only realistic weight-loss goals
A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower does once produced. That drug user is developing:
tolerance
Tendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of:
tolerance
A person takes a drug at noon. Although remaining awake and alert, the person experiences poor coordination, palpations, and greatly enhanced visual perceptions. By dinner, the symptoms have pretty well subsided. MOST likely, that person:
took LSD
An individual who is dependent on alcohol is experiencing delirium tremens. This reaction is:
uncommon, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking
DSM-5 includes gambling disorder as an addictive disorder, along with substance use disorder. This inclusion is:
unique; gambling disorder is the only disorder in the category that doesn't involve a substance
What is the MOST common biological cause of erectile failure in men?
vascular problems
A person who experiences vomiting and shaking when she tries to stop drinking alcohol has developed:
withdrawal reactions
An example of a disturbed cognition that might be present in a person being treated for anorexia is the statement:
"My weight and shape determine my values."
A friend says, "I want to minimize my risk of organ damage and long-lasting mental change," and then ask, "What kind of drug should I most avoid?" Your BEST response is:
"Alcohol."
A young woman who formerly had a fairly high sex drive, and who reports no new medical problems, nonetheless experiences an unexpected drop in sex drive. What would be an important question to ask her, before recommending some sort of psychotherapy?
"Have you recently started taking birth control pills?"
The MOST realistic statement a person with anorexia would make following cognitive treatment is:
"I expect to feel fat because of my illness."
"I've been diagnosed with gambling disorder," a friend says. "What kind of therapy works best?"
"I'd suggest cognitive-behavioral therapies, biological therapies, and self-help groups."
A high school student asks you, "What's the big deal about using pot? How can it hurt me?" The MOST accurate reply you could make is:
"If you're high, you won't be bale to remember why you just learned."
A person has ingested enough ethyl alcohol to lose consciousness but has not died. The MOST probable alcohol concentration in that person,expressed as a percent of blood volume, is:
.40
The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is:
14 to 20
A woman has close female relatives diagnosed with a somatization pattern of somatic symptom disorder. According to research, her probability of being diagnosed with the same disorder is about:
20 percent
Research has found that if a person's life change credits (LCU's) totaled more than _________ over the course of a year, he or she was particularly likely to develop serious health problems.
300 LCUs
Which statement MOST accurately reflects what is being done in the ares of "Internet use disorder" at the present time?
A lot; Internet use disorder is not a DSM-5 category, but people who meet the disorder's criteria act similarly to those with gambling disorder, which is in the DSM-5
Which situation would be MOST likely to lead to a diagnosis of muscle dysmorphobia?
A man who is muscular but does not see himself as being muscular and so continues to strive for a perfect body
Which statement is NOT true about anorexia nervosa?
About 25 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are men
If current trends concerning the body images of African American women and white American women continue, one would expect that in the future:
African American women would show increasing body image dissatisfaction
Hanna goes to a meeting because her husband is an alcoholic who only occasionally can abstain from alcohol. The meetings with other people in similar situations helps her cope. She probably attends meetings of:
Al Anon
_______ produce antibodies
B-cells
________ composed the immune systems of 26 people whose spouses had died 8 weeks earlier with those of 26 matched control group participants whose spouses had not dies. Blood samples revealed that lymphocyte functioning was much lower in the bereaved people than in the controls.
Bartrop and colleagues
___________ has been of some help in the treatment of heartbreak irregularities, asthma, high blood pressure, stuttering, and pain.
Biofeedback training
In the latter half of the nineteenth century, a person who today is diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder would MOST likely have been diagnosed with:
Briquet's syndrome
Months after last taking a drug, a former drug abuser still produces very little serotonin. The person is depressed and anxious and has great difficulty remembering new material. Most likely, the abused drug- if it was a single drug- was:
Ecstasy
Which conclusion about family patterns and eating disorders is MOST supported by systemic research?
Families of those with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa vary widely
Who developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?
Holmes and Rahe
Which of the following has been identified as a problem in designing and evaluating treatment methods for substance abuse?
It has been difficult to precisely define treatment success
Pat and Jody each have five screwdrivers (OJ and vodka). Pat gets very drunk. Jody does not. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true?
Pat is a woman, and jody is a man
"Depression and eating disorders are correlated." What does this statement mean?
People with eating disorders also tend to be depressed
In general, which statement about feelings that trigger eating is true?
Positive emotions are less likely than negative emotions to trigger the eating of junk food
A group of physical illnesses that seem to be caused or worsened by an interaction of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors is called:
Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
_________ is the study of the connections between stress, the body's immune system, and illness.
Psychoneuroimmunology
________, often in combination with medication, has been widely used in the treatment of high blood pressure.
Relaxation training
__________ and __________ are equally helpful in the treatment of high blood pressure, headaches, and asthma.
Relaxation training; biofeedback training
Who is MOST likely to experience a psychophysiological disorder?
Sean, an African American male in his thirties
A woman with anorexia has lanugo. What has happened?
She has grown fine silky hair on her body
Stress leads to increased activity by the:
Sympathetic nervous system
Which statement BEST reflects our understanding of hysterical disorders?
The causes of hysterical disorders are poorly understood, with no theory predominant in aiding understanding.
Which statement would a cognitive theorist be MOST likely to say about hysterical disorders?
The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions
Which statement is true about factitious disorders?
Those with factitious disorder are not trying to achieve some external gain by faking illness
People with ________ are thought to be more relaxed, less aggressive, and less concerned about time.
Type B personality style
What should be addressed to change the high rates of eating disorders among U.S. children and adolescents?
Western notions of beauty and social values
A woman's dyspareunia is MOST likely caused by:
some physical condition
Which statement is MOST accurate about female orgasm?
Women who are comfortable masturbating are more likely to experience orgasm
A person who eats large amounts of food in a short period and does this repeatedly, with no other symptoms, would be said to have:
a binge-eating disorder
A healthy man is likely to have two to five REM periods each night and several penile erections during that time. If he is not experiencing this, he MOST likely has:
a biologically based erectile dysfunction
A recent study of erectile disorder showed that most cases of erectile disorder are caused by:
a combination of psychosocial and physical causes
Having a background in medicine, but also a grudge against the profession, puts a person at risk for:
a factitious disorder
If a chronically ill child was removed from his or her home and placed in foster care, and then became quite healthy, one might suspect that the parent (usually the mother) was experiencing:
a factitious disorder
The first time the patient reported vague chest pains to a 911 operator, local EMTs responded with obvious attention and concern. Over the next several months, the patient called 911 more and more often, receiving the same concerned care for the same symptoms. This pattern of patient response is MOST easily explained by which theoretical perspective?
behavioral
Margo feels a lot of stress from home and has started drinking more than usual. If she develops a psychophysiological disorder it will be because of:
behavioral changes
Shelly has started smoking to help ease her stress from work. If she develops a psychophysiological disorder, it will be a result of:
behavioral changes
For which disorder would you expect to find nearly equal numbers of men and women sufferers?
binge-eating disorder
People who are overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing:
binge-eating disorder
Participants who have just completed a very low-calorie weight-loss program would be MOST at risk for:
bingeing
Similarities between bulimia and anorexia include:
both tend to begin after a period of dieting among people afraid of becoming obese
If binge eating is followed by a period of strenuous exercise to compensate for the food, the diagnosis is probably:
bulimia nervosa
The MOST accurate diagnosis for a woman who regularly eats a whole pizza, a carton of ice cream, and a box of donuts at one sitting, then forces herself to throw it all up, is:
bulimia nervosa
A manager who feels anxious about speaking in front of large groups frequently has a couple of glasses of wine to "relax" before beginning to speak. This "medicinal" use of alcohol can be explained MOST easily:
by operant conditioning
Parents who feed their children when they are anxious and comfort when they are tired, rather than giving them a nap, run the risk of producing children who:
can't assess their own needs
Alcoholics Anonymous supports the belief that alcoholics should:
cease drinking entirely
Hilde Bruch's ego deficiency view of children with eating disorders involves:
children lacking control over their lives and misperceiving internal cues
Throughout much of the United States, it is illegal to use marijuana, even for medical reasons. Compared to other nations, this is:
common; most countries do not allow either medical or recreational use of marijuana
An acquaintance of yours uses ecstasy and says, "Wow! I was totally energized and tripping. It was like LSD and meth combined." Your acquaintance's experience with Ecstasy was:
common; the drug has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties
Someone who fasts or exercises strenuously following a binge is engaging in:
compensatory behaviors
What is thought to be the cause of vaginismus (the involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles)?
conditioning of a fear response
Kelly is long-time serious drinker. In the last year she has started having huge memory lapses. when this happens, she makes up wild stories to help her fill in what she does not remember. This symptom is called:
confabulation
Albert had finally had enough of his inability to walk. He went to a psychologist, who told him there was nothing medically wrong with him. The therapist was using the treatment approach of:
confrontation
What is likely long-term consequence of anorexia?
continuing concern about weight and appearance
Just before debuting at Carnegie Hall, the pianist suffered paralysis of her left hand. Which BEST describes her disorder?
conversion disorder
Disorders that represent the conversion of conflicts and anxiety into physical symptoms would include:
conversion disorders
The leading cause of death globally, resulting in 7.3 million deaths each year, is:
coronary heart disease
Sobriety High and Drug Court programs:
cost more than regular educational programs but save society money in the long run
What is another name for genital pain during sexual activity?
dyspareunia
William, a 20-year-old who is having his first sexual relationship, has gone to see a sex therapist about a sexual dysfunction problem. What is William MOST likely suffering from?
early ejactualtion
If researchers find that many people with eating disorders also have symptoms of depression, they know that:
eating disorders and depression are somehow related
A marijuana user has just taken the drug. Almost half of an hour passes before the user begins to experience the drug high. Most likely, the user has taken the drug by:
eating it in some food
In one study, asthma and arthritis patients who wrote down their thoughts and feelings about stressful events for a handful of days showed lasting improvements in their conditions. This is an example of:
emotion expression
Salvador Minuchin describes a family system in which members are overly involved in each other's affairs as a(n):
enmeshed family pattern
Erectile dysfunction occurs during the ______________ phase of sexual arousal
excitement
In males, the penis becomes erect during which phases of the sexual response cycle?
excitement
One of the therapy methods commonly used to treat bulimia nervosa is:
exposure and response prevention
Peter is a behavioral therapist who exposes patients with bulimia to situations that usually cause binge episodes and then prevents them from binge eating. The technique that she is using is called:
exposure and response prevention
A woman complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. You think that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms to appear sick, which fills some psychological need. you would diagnose:
factitious disorder
What problem did early behavioral therapists focus on when treating sexual dysfunction?
fear
A man with muscle dysmorphobia is MOST likely to:
feel that he is scrawny despite the fact that he is not
Research has revealed that lack of orgasm can sometimes be linked to all of the following EXCEPT:
female inadequacies
A pattern of abnormalities, head and facial deformities, heart defects, and intellectual development disorder characterizes someone with:
fetal alcohol syndrome
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms may contribute to low sexual desire because someone with this disorder:
finds contact with body fluids and odors unpleasant
If all you know about someone is that the person has been drinking in the past month, then you know the person had at least:
five drinks at a time at least once, and probably is a male
In one study, prospective parents rated a picture of a chubby child as less __________ than an average-weight child.
friendly and intelligent
Melanie has been out with friends and has been using drugs. In spite of being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence, she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of:
intoxication
Vomiting as a compensatory behavior for those experiencing bulimia:
ironically, leads to greater hunger and more frequent binges
Compared to a person who is happy and self-confident, a person who is bored and depressed:
is more likely to eat junk food
Which of the following occupations is MOST similar to what Masters and Johnson identified as the spectator role in sexual behavior?
judge
Which is a diagnostic criterion for bulimia nervosa?
lack of control over eating during binging
According to recent research, which is the LEAST likely reason a person becomes obese?
lack of willpower
About what percentage of American men experience a somatic symptom disorder in a given year?
less than 1 percent
Relapse for people with bulimia and people with anorexia is MOST likely triggered by:
life stresses
A man who has never been able to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse would most likely be diagnosed with what type of erectile disorder?
lifelong
If a woman had never experienced normal sexual functioning with her husband and had a problem with becoming aroused with him but found she could be aroused with other men, the type of dysfunction would be:
lifelong and situational
Pro-ana websites view anorexia not as a disorder, but as a:
lifestyle
Two people of the same gender and weight consume the same amount of alcohol in the same amount of time. Nevertheless, one of them sobers up substantially sooner than the other. MOST likely, this difference is due to:
liver function; some people's metabolize alcohol faster than others' livers
In women, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is found at:
lower levels in the stomach, making them more susceptible to getting drunk
Which is not a risk for young people abusing cocaine?
macular degeneration
After an accident, Kendra was taken to the hospital with broken legs and arms. She was almost immediately given a shot that reduced her pain. The shot was MOST likely:
morphine
A wounded veteran of the U.S. Civil War suffering from "soldiers' disease" MOST likely was suffering from:
morphine dependence
If a therapist thought that eating disorders were BEST explained by an interaction of sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors, that therapist would be taking a(an):
multidimensional perspective
Steven tends to fall asleep at the drop of a hat: while watching television, eating, and even driving. He would most likely be diagnosed with:
narcolepsy
You are therapist using self-instruction training. Your client repeatedly tells you "I can't take the pain. It is just too much." This is an example of a:
negative self-statement
Studies attempting to relate personality traits to potential for developing substance abuse show that:
no single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse
If stress continues for an extended period of time,_______ and_______ give an inhibitory message to lymphocytes.
norepinephrine; corticosteroids
The view that modern researchers hold about clitoral orgasms is that they are:
normal and healthy
Having a positive relationship with one's mother is associated with ______ in women.
positive orgasm outcomes
Which is NOT a compensatory behavior for someone with bulimia?
preoccupation with food
The use of methadone in drug maintenance programs is controversial because methadone:
produces withdrawal that is sometimes more difficult than heroin withdrawal
Behavioral therapists treating a conversion disorder would be MOST likely to focus on:
reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder
A client receiving treatment for substance abuse keeps track of times the substance is used and develops strategies to deal with the substance when there is an opportunity to use it. The client is MOST likely receiving:
relapse-prevention training
Jason, a recovering heavy drinker, has been trained to identify the situations that might cause him to drink and to be aware of when he should stop drinking. This approach is known as:
relapse-prevention training
Theresa has hypertension. Which is most likely to be recommended as a treatment for her?
relaxation training
Because alcohol binds to neurons that normally receive the neurotransmitter GABA, it is not surprising that alcohol:
relaxes people
In Victorian times, a woman diagnosed as "insane" was presumed to have a dysfunction of her:
reproductive organs
If someone had a sexual dysfunction, we know that this person would not be having difficulty in which of the following phases of the sexual response cycle?
resolution
The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to:
result from starvation
Which psychological problem is LEAST likely to be associated with anorexia nervosa?
schizophrenia
If a man's behavior elicited kindness and sympathy from his wife when he was mute, he would be receiving___________ gains from his behavior.
secondary
It was convenient when Rowena awoke blind. she had been terrified about testifying in court and now she did not have to. This is an example of:
secondary gain
The MOST commonly used form of treatment for a treatment for a substance use disorder is:
self-help groups
The levels of ________ are low in many people with depression and those with eating disorders.
serotonin
The use of narcotic antagonists can be dangerous. This is based on their ability to initiate:
severe withdrawal
The event that is more likely to result in low sexual desire is:
sexual molestation
People who do not have anorexia who are placed on a starvation diet:
show many of the food preoccupations of people with anorexia nervosa
Cocaine and amphetamines produce:
similar behavioral effects and similar emotional effects
To be classified as having male hypoactive sexual disorder, one would have a reduced interest in sex and little sexual activity, lasting:
six months
Barbiturates were first prescribed to help people:
sleep
Janet has been diagnosed with breast cancer. She has a very supportive husband, caring children, and several friends who will provide support for her during her recovery. As a result of this________, she is more likely to have a successful recovery.
social support
Juanita often feels lonely and does not have many close friends. She also has a poor immune functioning and tends to get sick often. This may be due to:
social support
A patient had several surgeries over the years for vague and nonspecific sexual reproductive problems, visiting many of the top hospitals on the East Coast during the course of treatment. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is:
somatic symptom disorder
Abnormalities that are thought to have both biological and physical causes are diagnosed as:
somatic symptom disorder
If a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over a period of time in the absence of a physical basis for the symptoms, the diagnosis would likely be:
somatic symptom disorder
A woman has experienced a wide range of vague but disturbing physical symptoms over a period of several years. Doctors cannot find a cause for the problems; medically, the woman appears normal. Based on this information, the BEST diagnosis would be:
somatic symptom disorder (somatization pattern)
Which is the MOST accurate biological explanation for people who gain weight after losing it?
the brain is trying to restore the person to a set weight point
Munchausen syndrome by proxy is MOST likely to adversely affect the physical well-being of:
the child of the person experiencing it
Research on the aftermath of anorexia nervosa shows that:
the death rate from anorexia appears to be declining
The pleasant feeling called a "high" produced by using narcotics is due to:
the drug attaching to sites normally receptive to endorphins
Which is likely to be useful in distinguishing conversion or somatic symptom disorders from true medical problems?
the failure of a condition to develop as expected
Methods of supplying nicotine to those who are trying to quit smoking include all of the following except:
the subcutaneous nicotine pump
The "weight set point" is:
the weight a person is predisposed to maintain
The main criticism of the behavioral and psychodynamic explanations for the maintenance of hysterical disorders is that:
they can't explain how the gains can outweigh the pain of the disorder
According to Masters and Johnson, the resolution phase is more gradual and less sudden in women when:
they do experience orgasm
