Abnormal test 1

What do you call a person who primarily prescribes medication but does not conduct psychotherapy? a. a pharmacist b. a psychopharmacologist c. a clinical psychologist d. a family practice nurse

b. a psychopharmacologist

During a session, Willow is given several sheets of paper. The questions describe a variety of situations to gauge how she thinks and what she would do in different situations. Willow must then go through and check "True," "False," or "Cannot say" for each question. Willow is MOST likely taking a: a. projective test. b. personality inventory. c. neuropsychological test. d. sentence-completion test.

b. personality inventory.

People who experience obsessions show: a. typical levels of worry about real problems. b. thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them. c. thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist. d. a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate.

b. thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them.

Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: a. without any religious belief are the healthiest. b. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. c. who believe in a higher being are the healthiest. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness.

b. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest.

If stress levels and physical health are negatively correlated, which of the following can the researcher conclude? a. Stress causes people to have poor health. b. As stress increases, health decreases. c. Poor health causes people to experience stress. d. Mental illness causes both stress and poor health.

b. As stress increases, health decreases.

What is the major ethical concern with research on Facebook users? a. There are not enough Facebook users to make the research worthwhile. b. Facebook users don't always know they are being studied. c. Research projects have not been approved by universities where they are conducted. d. It is unethical to observe public behavior.

b. Facebook users don't always know they are being studied.

How does fear differ from anxiety? a. Fear is a response to a specific threat, whereas anxiety is more general. b. Anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear. c. Fear is a response to an inanimate threat, whereas anxiety is a response to an interpersonal threat. d. Anxiety is an immediate response, whereas fear is more vague.

a. Fear is a response to a specific threat, whereas anxiety is more general.

Manuel is afraid of eating in public because he expects to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would probably be: a. a social phobia. b. a specific phobia. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. posttraumatic stress disorder

a. a social phobia.

DSM-5 is the first edition of the DSM that requires clinicians to provide: a. both categorical information and dimensional information. b. only categorical information. c. only dimensional information. d. neither categorical information nor dimensional information.

a. both categorical information and dimensional information.

A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: a. rationalization. b. denial. c. regression. d. projection.

a. rationalization.

The scientific name for hair-pulling disorder is: a. trichotillomania. b. musomania. c. traumatomania. d. gephyromania.

a. trichotillomania.

Commonly accepted features of abnormality include deviance, distress, dysfunction, and: a. danger. b. damage. c. delusions. d. deference.

a. danger

Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of: a. hormones. b. neurotransmitters. c. neurons. d. genes.

a. hormones

A therapist who has created a new psychotherapy approach initiates this treatment with a client. The therapist conducts a case study and publishes the results. Which factor is MOST likely to be present in this study? a. observer bias b. placebo effect c. lack of informed consent d. generalization

a. observer bias

A physician who offers psychotherapy is called a: a. psychiatrist. b. clinical psychologist. c. psychodiagnostician. d. psychoanalyst.

a. psychiatrist

Which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis? a. Psychogenic b. Somatogenic c. Demonological d. Moral

a. psychogenic

A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? a. Sociocultural b. Biocultural c. Psychocultural d. Cognitive-cultural

a. sociocultural

A general understanding of the underlying nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal behavior is called: a. theoretical. b. nomothetic. c. idiographic. d. correlational.

b. nomothetic

The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. a. behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential

b. sociocultural

Deviant behavior is behavior that: a. is illegal. b. violates the society's norms. c. is dangerous to self or others. d. causes dysfunction in the individual's life.

b. violates the society's norms

A client has been experiencing uncontrolled anxiety. His symptoms include edginess, sleep changes, fatigue, and significant distress. To meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, these symptoms must be present for at least how many months? a. 1 month b. 3 months c. 6 months d. 12 months

c. 6 months

Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following? a. Long-term memory b. Numerical and spatial reasoning c. Autonomic nervous system functioning d. Feelings of social connectedness among teens

c. Autonomic nervous system functioning

Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events? a. Psychodynamic b. Multicultural c. Cognitive d. Humanistic

c. Cognitive

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of what neurotransmitter at certain receptor sites in the brain? a. acetylcholine b. dopamine c. GABA d. serotonin

c. GABA

According to cognition-focused therapists, which is a factor in abnormal behavior? a. Egocentrism b. Self-talk c. Illogical thinking d. Objective interpretations

c. Illogical thinking

A client has body dysmorphic disorder and is considering plastic surgery. Is this a recommended treatment for this client? a. Yes. Plastic surgery typically relieves body dysmorphic symptoms. b. Possibly. Plastic surgery can improve clients' self-image if the "problem" area is small. c. No. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder actually feel worse afterward. d. No. Studies show that almost one-third of people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder later attempt suicide.

c. No. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder actually feel worse afterward.

Which of these describes a compulsion? a. a thought, idea, impulse, or image that seems to invade a person's consciousness b. a strong fear that influences anxiety c. a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that people feel they must perform d. a thought that a person cannot get out of his or her head

c. a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that people feel they must perform

Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: a. instincts, the ego, and the self. b. biological forces, culture, and learning. c. consciousness, unconsciousness, and instincts. d. instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards.

c. consciousness, unconsciousness, and instincts.

Therapies that have received clear research support are called: a. meta-analyses. b. idiographic therapies. c. evidence-based therapies. d. outcome complex therapies.

c. evidence-based therapies.

A mental health practitioner attempts to learn about the behavior and emotional state of each client. This approach to abnormal psychology is called: a. behavioral. b. nomothetic. c. idiographic. d. psychodynamic.

c. idiographic.

Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a. changes behavior in the clinic but does not carry over to the home and the workplace. b. works only in about 25 percent of those individuals who are treated with it. c. leads to improvement that often continues indefinitely. d. is effective only in a group setting.

c. leads to improvement that often continues indefinitely.

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them: a. have relatives who are atypically anxious. b. are prone to allergies and have immune deficiencies. c. misinterpret bodily sensations. d. experience more than the average amount of stress.

c. misinterpret bodily sensations.

Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter? a. norepinephrine b. epinephrine c. serotonin d. endorphin

c. serotonin

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? a. distress b. deviance c. dysfunction d. danger to self or others

c. dysfunction

For people to decide about participating in psychological research, they must be given full knowledge of the nature of the study and of their rights. This principle is called: a. risk disclosure. b. benefit analysis. c. informed consent. d. privacy.

c. informed consent

In science, what are the perspectives used to explain phenomena known as which of the following? a. Facts b. Hypotheses c. Paradigms d. Theories

c. paradigms

A person who systematically gathers information so as to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is called a clinical: a. mentalist. b. legalist. c. scientist. d. practitioner

c. scientist

Which statement describes how phobias and common fear differ? a. Fear more dramatically interferes with a person's life. b. Fear relates to intangible objects, whereas a phobia is specific to tangible things. c. A phobia causes physiological changes, whereas fear causes cognitive changes. d. A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear.

d. A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear.

Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? a. Psychodynamic b. Sociocultural c. Humanist-existential d. Cognitive-behavioral

d. Cognitive-behavioral

What is a factor that might inhibit the use of effective assessment tools? a. Too few clinicians are sufficiently trained to use these tools. b. Many tools are simplistic in their design, allowing clients to figure out the "right" answer. c. There are an incredibly large number of assessments to select from. d. Most assessment tools are expensive to administer and evaluate.

d. Most assessment tools are expensive to administer and evaluate.

When a subject is participating in the final testing phase of a drug study, which of the following is taking place? a. The drug is simultaneously being tested on animals. b. The researchers are assessing the subject for unexpected long-term effects. c. The subject is assessing the safety of the drug. d. The researchers are examining the effects on the subject to determine the drug's efficacy and side effects.

d. The researchers are examining the effects on the subject to determine the drug's efficacy and side effects.

Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Which kind of theorist would offer the preceding explanation for anxiety disorders? a. a biological theorist b. a cognitive-behavioral theorist c. a sociocultural theorist d. a humanistic theorist

d. a humanistic theorist

A therapist listens carefully to a client's words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty. MOST likely, this therapist is a _____ therapist. a. behavior-focused b. cognitive-behavioral c. psychodynamic d. humanistic

d. humanistic

Among other questions, a clinical interviewer asks, "How do you feel about yourself today? How do you feel about what's going on in your life?" MOST likely, the clinical interviewer's orientation is: a. biological. b. cognitive-behavioral. c. psychodynamic. d. humanistic.

d. humanistic.

A psychologist constructs a comprehensive view of what is causing and maintaining a person's abnormal behavior. This is referred to as: a. a model. b. the diagnosis. c. an interpretation. d. the clinical picture.

d. the clinical picture.

A clinical interviewer is interested in stimuli that trigger abnormal responses, the resultant consequences, and the client's assumptions and interpretation. This is MOST indicative of which psychological orientation? a. the biological orientation b. the psychodynamic orientation c. the humanistic orientation d. the cognitive-behavioral orientation

d. the cognitive-behavioral orientation

Which brain areas have been implicated in obsessive-compulsive symptoms? a. the frontal lobes and the thalamus b. the thalamus and the hypothalamus c. the motor cortex and the caudate nuclei d. the orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei

d. the orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei

The test that reports the person's results on clinical scales such as "hypochondriasis" and "psychopathic deviate" is the: a. sentence-completion test. b. Thematic Apperception Test. c. Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test. d. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

d. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

In the Middle Ages, the model of mental illness that MOST people believed in was the: a. moral model. b. medical model. c. psychogenic model. d. demonology model.

d. demonology model

People with _____ keep picking at their skin, resulting in significant sores or wounds. a. body dysmorphic disorder b. excoriation disorder c. trichotillomania d. hoarding disorder

excoriation disorder