Academic Decathlon 2019-2020: Art
what was the Portrait of Madame Virginia Gautreau (Madame X)?
A 1883-1884 by John Singer Sargent that depicted the American wife of a French banker known for her dramatic appearance, it was scandalous
What event led Frida Kahlo to discover painting?
A 1925 bus accident in which she was impaled with an iron handrail and suffered fractures in her spine, pelvis, ribs, and leg
When and where was Rembrandt Van Rijn born?
1606 in Leiden
When did Rembrandt Van Rijn die?
1669
When and where was William Hogarth born?
1679 in London, England
When and where was Francisco Goya born?
1746 in a village in Spain
When and where was Théodore Géricault born?
1791 in France
When and where was Thomas Eakins born?
1844 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
When and where was John Singer Sargent born?
185 in Florence, Italy
When and where was Thomas Wilmer Dewing born?
1851 in Boston, Massachusetts
What is James Abbott McNeill Whistler's most famous work?
1871 Arrangement in Grey and Black, No. 1
When was Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic) put on view in the Society of American Artists exhibit?
1879
When was where was Francis Picabia born?
1879 in Paris
When and where was the Harlem Hospital Building first opened?
1887 in a former Victorian mansion near the East River
When and where was The Starry Night painted?
1889 when Vincent Van Gogh was at Saint-Paul de Mausole in Saint Rémy
When did Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes marry Edith Minturn Stokes?
1895
When was A Reading painted?
1897
When was Mr. and Mrs. I.N. Phelps Stokes painted?
1897
When and where was Frida Kahlo born?
1907 in Coyacan, Mexico
When and by who was the first African-American doctor hired by a hospital facility?
1919 by the Harlem Hospital
When and were was Frida Kahlo's first one woman show?
1938 at the Julien Levy Gallery in New York
When was Frida Kahlo's first solo exhibit in Mexico?
1953
When and where was David Wojnarowicz born?
1954 in Red Bank, New Jersey
When and where was Keith Haring born?
1958 in Redding, Pennsylvania
When did Moorehouse School of Medicine hold the first HeLa Women's Health Conference?
1976
When was Henrietta Lacks' story first told?
1976 in articles in Detroit Free Press and Rolling Stone
When was neurasthenia removed from the DSM?
1980
When did David Wojnarowicz die and what did he die of?
1992 of AIDS
When did the FDA approve HIV medication?
1995
What did Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol commission?
200 portraits of patients so that he could study their physiognomy, they were displayed at the Salon of 1814 and may have inspired the work of Théodore Géricault
When was Henrietta Lacks' story first shown to a mass audience?
2010 with Rebecca Skloot's book The Immortal LIfe of Henrietta Lacks
How many paintings does Illustration of Bedlam from a Rake's Progress consist of?
8
What is depicted in Altarpiece?
A "radiant baby" that become infant Christ below a cross and is radiating out multiple arms, the side panels are filled with angels and thee figures have mixed emotions
What fresco most influence The Triumph of Death?
A 146 fresco from Palazzo Abatellis
What is The Healing of The Possessed Man at the Rialto?
A 1496 work by Vittore Carpaccio that depicts mental illness as demonic possession that can bee cured by a priest
What is The Plague of Ashdod?
A 1631 work by Nicholas Poussin that emphasizes the miasma theory of disease
What is The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Dejimah?
A 1656 painting that depicted another anatomy lesson by Tulp's successor and was meant to be displayed with The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp but was damaged in a 1723 fire
What series is The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters from?
A 1796-1798 folio of 80 works (etchings and aquatints) called Los Capichos (The Caprices)
What is The Champion Single Sculls (Max Schmitt in a Single Scull)?
A 1871 work by Thomas Eakins that commemorates Schmitt's race win on the Schuylkill River in 1870
What is Arrangement in White and Black?
A 1876 James Abbott McNeill Whistler painting that depicts a confident Maud
What was the Works Project Administration?
A 1935 federal public works initiative that was part of the New Deal and employed 8.5 million Americans
What led to Frida Kahlo's work being acquired by the Louvre?
A 1939 sho in Paris that was organized by Duchamp and Breton
What did the architectural style of Ospedale Degli Innocenti influence?
Medici and Rucellai family palaces
What was the significance of the gendered treatment of neurasthenia?
Men were thought to live in the public world while women were though to live in the domestic world
What did the term "New Woman" describe?
Middle and upper class women who challenged social conventions
Who did Maud Franklin study art with?
Mortimer Menpes and Walter Sickert
What are the characteristics of Frida Kahlo's work?
Mostly self-portraits that depict physical suffering, emotional distress, and use personal iconography to explore pain
What was Francisco Goya's style influenced by?
Neoclassicism and Romanticism
What James Abbott McNeill Whistler work drew harsh criticism from John Ruskin?
Nocturne in Black and Gold, the Falling Rocket
What was the focus of Thomas Wilmer Dewing's works?
Non-specific idealized women, color, form, harmony, creating a mood, and figures in repose
What artists were influences on Kadir Nelson?
Norman Rockwell, N.C. Wyeth, and Henry Ossawa Tanner
What words are written on the back of Without Hope (Sin Esperanza)?
Not the least hope remains to me. . . Everything moves in time with what the belly contains
What mediums did Vincent Van Gogh use?
Oil painting, watercolor, and drawing
Where was Ospedale Degli Innocenti built?
On Piazza Della Santissima Annunziata next to the Santissima Annunziatu
What animals are depicted in The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters?
Owls, rats, a black cat, and a lynx
What job was Francisco Goya appointed to in 1786?
Painter for the Spanish Royal Court under Charles IV
Who were two prominent postimpressionists?
Paul Cézanne and Paul Gauguin
When and by who was Filippo Brunelleschi commission to design a foundling hospital for Florence?
1419 by the Guild of Silk Manufacturers
When did Ospedale Degli Innocenti open and when did it close?
1445 and 1875
When were the sculptural medallions added to Ospedale Degli Innocenti?
1487
When and by who was St. Sebastian Interceding For the Plague Stricken commissioned?
1497 by the Confraternity of St. Sebastian for Notre-Dame-does-Accoules Church to protect against the plague
When and where was Pieter Bruegel The Elder born?
1525 in Breda in the Netherlands
What was the Silence=Death Project?
A 1986 group of activists and artist that used a pink triangle on a black background, which was a reference to Nazis marking gay people, to show the magnitude of AIDS
Who was St. Sebastian?
A Christian martyr who lived during the time of the Roman Empire and was a member of the Roman military that worked to help Christians
Who was Rembrandt Van Rijn?
A Dutch artist who specialized in painting, drawing, and etching
What brought AIDS into the public view
A July 3, 1981 New York Times article that discussed the CDC and Karposi's sarcoma
What is the spark plug in Agnes Meyer likely modeled after?
A Redhead spark plug
Who was Josse Lieferinxe?
A South Netherlandish partner who was active in France
What is depicted in Without Hope (Sin Esperanza)?
A barren landscape with a sun and moon, Kahlo is in bed and is being fed through a giant funnel overflowing with dead animals
What is The Ten O'Clock Lecture?
A book by James Abbott McNeill Whistler that outline his perspective on art
What is neurasthenia?
A catch all term that refers to a disorder of the central nervous system thought to have been caused by modern life
What David Wojnarowicz work incited controversy?
A clip from his 1986-1987 film A Fire in My Belly that was shown at the 2010 Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery
What is depicted in The Starry Night?
A dark blue night sky with a swirling pattern dominates the composition, there is a yellow crescent moon, stars, a Cyprus tree in the foreground, and a church spire in the background
What visual effect do the animals create in The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters?
A diagonal line across the background as if from the dreams of the figure
What is depicted in Untitled (Falling Buffalos)?
A diorama from Smithsonian's Museum of Natural History that shows buffalos falling to their deaths off a cliff
What is The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp based on?
A dissection by Dr. Tulp in January 1632 of the cadaver of Adrian Adrians a hanged robber
What is The Birth of Venus?
A female nude by William-Adolph Bougureau that won the Grand Prix de Rome
What does Illustration of Bedlam from a Rake's Progress tell the story of?
A fictional character named Tom Rakewell who inherits a large fortune when his father dies and then self-destructs
What is depicted in The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters?
A figure sitting slumped in a chair, angle at a desk, with papers and pens strewn across the desks and animals throughout the scene
What was The Yellow House?
A house that Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin lived and painted in together in Arles, France
What was the first depiction of the Danse Macabre motif?
A lost French mural from 1424 from the Holy Innocents Cemetery in Paris that depicts figures parading to their graves
What was 291?
A magazine created by Francis Picabia, Paul Haviland, Agnes Ernst Meyer, Marius de Zamora and Alfred Stieglitz, named after Stieglitz's gallery, and used to promote the cause of modern art in America
What is the significance of Edith Minturn Stokes' outfit in Mr. and Mrs. I.N. Phelps Stokes?
It was simple , masculine, and not typical of formal portraits, and the fact that it matches her husband's shows the equality between the sexes
What art pieces was Untitled (Falling Buffalos) used in?
It was the cover art for a 1989 U2 album and it was the cover of David Wojnarowicz's autobiography
Who was the main architect of the Harlem Hospital Pavillion Facade?
Jack Travis
What was Vincent Van Gogh's original job?
A missionary in Belgium
Who was Myra Logan?
A model for one of the Harlem Hospital murals that later became a surgeon and Charles Alston's wife
What was the Mexican Muralist movement?
A movement aimed at producing public murals that showed Mexico's National identity and history
Who was Diego Rivera?
A muralist who had an unhappy marriage to Frida Kahlo
What is The Agnew Clinic?
A painting like Eakins' Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic) that depicted Dr. Agnew performing a mastectomy and was commission by his students for his retirement
Who was Eadweard Muybridge?
A pioneer in stop motion photography
Who was William James?
A psychologist that called neurasthenia "Americanitis"
What series is The Madwoman from?
A series depicting inmates at mental institutions
What does Agnes Meyer depict?
A spark plug
What is Ospedale Degli Innocenti?
A structure that provided care to infants and children in need
What was the Federal Arts Project?
A subset of the WPA in which visual artists created art, taught, and researched under the leadership of Holger Cahill
Who was Henrietta Lacks?
A woman who was treated for cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins and had her tissues samples taken without her knowledge
What is Melancholia I?
A work by Albright Dürer that depicts melancholy and references humor imbalance as a cause of melancholy
What is The Decameron?
A work by Boccaccio about young people attempting to escape the plague
What is Marriage a la Mode?
A work by William Hogarth that consists of 6 oil paintings that tell the story of a couple who gets married for the wrong reasons and falls into depravity
When did Filippo Brunelleschi become interested in architecture?
After losing the Florence Baptistry door competition to Lorenzo Ghiberti in 1401
What gallery gave Francis Picabia a solo exhibit after the 1913 Armory Show?
Alfred Stielglitz's gallery
What was the last artwork Keith Haring made?
Altarpiece
What is The Last of the Buffalo?
An 1888 work by Albert Bietstadt that is similar to Untitled (Falling Buffalos)
What is The Pursuit of Happiness?
An 8 mural series by Charles Alston's student Vertis Hayes about African diaspora that was originally displayed in Harlem Hospital's nurses' dormitory
Who is Kadir Nelson?
An African-American artist, illustrator, and author
What is Udnie (Jeune fille américaine danse)?
An abstract Cubist composition by Francis Picabia that shows the correlation between modern art and vitality in American girls
What was the configuration of hospitals during the Renaissance?
An altar with winds of patients fanning out from the center
What is depicted in The Triumph of Death?
An apocalyptic death scrape featuring smoke, burning fires, shipwrecks, bodies, a skeleton army attacking people, a grim reaper skeleton, sickly horses, and death carts
Who was Heironymous Bosch?
An artist known for crowded compositions of tiny figures whose work Bruegel copied and engraved
Who was Hans Holbein the Younger?
An artist who created a series of engravings titled Dance of Death in 1526 that depicted the Danse Macabre motif
What was the Gran Fury?
An arts collective from the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power that was designed to channel anger into political posters and public art
What was the Gibson Girl?
An illustrated girl created by Charles Dana that marketed women's independence in a non-threatening and confident way
What was the Index of American Design?
An initiative under the FAP that facilitated art history documentation, art community centers, and public artworks
Who were the exterior sculptural medallions of Ospedale Degli Innocenti made by?
Andrea Della Robbia
What were the beliefs of the aesthetic movement?
Art for art's sake with an emphasis on surface beauty rather than mortality or narrative
What did William Hogarth's early work consist of?
Book illustrations, small paintings, and political caricatures
What was William Hogarth's process?
Highly detailed narrative paintings that were designed to be viewed in sequence, were later engraved, and then sold as prints
Where did John Singer Sargent study?
At the atelier of Carolus-Duran and at the École does Beaux-Arts
What does Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic) depict?
Dr. Gross, a well-known Philadelphia surgeon, operating on a patient with osteomyelitis assisted by four other physicians and with an audience watching
Who was the first African-American doctor to be hired by a hospital facility?
Dr. Louis T. Wright
Who was Vincent Van Gogh treated by?
Dr. Paul Gachet
What parts of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp are fictionalized?
Dr. Tulp is performing the dissection instead of directing it and the chest would have been opened first not the arm
What were the characteristics of Théodore Géricault's style?
Drama, emotion, and complexity over clarity
What is the medium of Altarpiece?
Cast bronze covered in white gold
Where is the studied version of Altarpiece held?
Chapel of St. Columbia within Cathedral of Saint John the Divine in Manhattan
What work introduced the concept of the "New Woman"?
Charles Readers 1877 work A Woman Hater
Who documented rest cures and in what work?
Charlotte Perkins Gilman in The Yellow Wallpaper
What diseases are the modern day explanation for neurasthenia?
Chronic fatigue, anorexia, multiple sclerosis, severe anemia, thyroid disease, and anxieties
What ideas and techniques were popular during the Renaissance (14th-16th centuries)?
Classical ideas, Humanism, naturalism, and linear perspective
What is the title of David Wojnarowicz's autobiography and when was it published?
Close to the Knives: A Memoir of Disintergration in 1991
What did Francis Picabia encounter in 1909 that changed his style dramatically?
Cubism
What other work was Edith Minturn Stokes a model for?
Daniel French's The Republic
Who did Josse Lieferinxe marry in 1503?
Daughter of prominent painter Jean Changenet of Avignon, Michelle Changenet
Who was Peter Hujar?
David Wojnarowicz's lover and mentor who died of AIDS in 1987
What book is featured in The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp?
De humani corporis fabrica by Andreas Vesalius
What Spanish artists influenced John Singer Sargent?
Diego Velazquez, El Greco, and Francisco Goya
Who were the patients depicted in the series that The Madwoman is from patients of?
Dr. Etienne-Jean Georget
What are the differences between Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic) and The Agnew Clinic?
Dr. Gross is a vertical painting in which he wears street cliches and has minor assistance while Agnew is horizontal, the people wear sterile gowns and have sterile instruments, he is assisted by nurses, and it is much more collaborative
How was Mr. and Mrs. I.N. Phelps Stokes originally painted and why did it change?
Edith was painted in a blue evening gown but John Singer Sargent was unhappy with the result and wanted to instead paint her in everyday clothes
What two significant artists helped to depict and de stigmatize mental illness in art?
Edward Munch and Yoyoi Kusama
What James Abbott McNeill Whistler work was displayed at the Paris Salon in 1863?
His painting of a mistress holding a lily standing on an animal rug that was later titled Symphony in White, No.1: The White Girl
What art school did James Abbott McNeill Whistler attend?
Imperial Academy of Fine Arts
What job did James Abbott McNeill Whistler have in the US Coast Survey?
Mapmaker
Who did Thomas Wilmer Dewing marry?
Maria Richards Oakey a still life and portrait painter
What is the meaning of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp?
Elements suggest that science has replaced spirituality
When and where was Filipi Brunelleschi born?
F1377 in Florence, Italy
Who was Charles Alston?
FAP's first African-American supervisor who oversaw the mural project at Harlem Hospital and employed 25 African-American artists
What artistic movements did Vincent Van Gogh's work lay the groundwork for?
Fauvism, German Expressionism, and Abstract Expressionism
What did the July/August 1915 issue of 291 feature?
Five mechanomorphic portraits of the editorial board of the magazine done by Francis Picabia
What Vincent Van Gogh work shows the influence of Japanese art?
Flowering Plum Tree
What words are inscribed on the spark plug depicted in Agnes Meyer?
For-Ever
What practices replaced neurasthenia cures?
Freudian psychoanalysis and talk therapy
What was the first teaching hospital and when was it opened?
Gandishapur in 300 CE
Who came up with the term neurasthenia and when did they come up with it?
George Miller Beard in 1869
Which two artists replaced Impressionism with pointillism and neoimpressionism?
George Seurat and Paul Signac
Who did Francisco Goya study under?
German painter Anton Rachael Mengs
What is the history of Bethlehem Hospital?
It was opened in 1247 as a church to care for the poor, it was taken over by the City of London in 1346, by 1403 a majority of the patients were being "treated" for mental problems, and after the 1676 move to Moorsfield visitors from the general public were drawn in until the 1770s
Who did William Hogarth apprentice for?
Goldsmith Ellis Gamble
What was the name of the architecture firm hired by Harlem Hospital to revitalize their campus and relocate the WPA murals?
HOK
Who was Lawrence T. Dermody?
Harlem Hospital's superintendent who opposed the WPA murals for being "too Negro"
What was Rembrandt Van Rijn's education?
He briefly went to the University of Leiden before dropping out to be an artists apprentice and he briefly studied with Pieter Lastman
What happened in Francisco Goya's life that caused a divide in his career?
He contracted an illness around 1792 that caused him to lose his hearing and question his sanity
How is Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes depicted in Mr. and Mrs. I.N. Phelps Stokes?
He is in the background, half-shadowed, with his arms crossed
What are the characteristics of Dr. Tulp in The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp?
He is in the center right surrounded by a group of physicians watching him work on a cadaver and he is distinguished by a dark hat
How is Tom Rakewell depicted in the final painting of Illustration of Bedlam from a Rake's Progress?
He is partially nude, in shackles, has scars on his chest that suggest a suicide attempt, and is surrounded by figures that represent different forms of madness
What was Thomas Eakins' education?
He studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts while pursing anatomy instruction at Jefferson Medical College before moving to France and Spain to study under Léon Bonna, Diego Velazquez, and Jean-Leon Gérôme
What was Kadir Nelson's education?
He studied at the Pratt Institute in New York and was taught by his uncle, artist Michael Morris
What did Hugh Welch Diamond do?
He took photos of asylum patients for systemic research
What were the characteristics of James Abbott McNeill Whistler's work?
He used evocative suggestions of people and places, with non-detailed descriptions and a new approach to portraiture
What are some characteristics of Pieter Bruegel's work?
He was a Humanist who often depicted peasants and common people in a naturalistic manner with high horizon lines
What was Pieter Bruegel's education?
He was a master in the painter's Guild of St.Luke and studied with miniaturist Giuliano Clovis in 1553
What was Rembrandt Van Rijn's style?
He was known for using tonalities, contrasts, light and dark, a golden glow, and impasto
What is the story of St. Sebastian?
He was shot by arrows but lived
What was David Wojnarowicz's education?
He went to an arts high school but was mostly self-taught
What was Keith Haring's education?
He went to the Ivy School of Professional Art in Pittsburgh but dropped out and worked as a maintenance worker at the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts before moving the New York in 198 and studying Painting at the School of Visual Arts with Bill Buckley
What was Thomas Wilmer Dewing's education?
He worked as a lithographic apprentice and informally studied art in Boston before enrolling at Académie Julian in 1887
Why was Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol significant?
He wrote On madness, was a significant figure in modern psychiatry in France, and rejected moral and theological causes of mental illness
What is the HeLa immortal cell line?
Henrietta Lacks' cells that could replicate in a lab setting, it is now the most used cell line in biology research
When and how did Vincent Van Gogh die?
In 1890 by shooting himself
What event in Frida Kahlo's life inspired Without Hope (Sin Esperanza)?
In 1944 after a surgery she underwent she was prescribed bed rest, a steel corset, and she had to be fed puréed food through a funnel
When and why did the friendship between Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin end?
In December of 1888 when they got into a fight and Vincent Van Gogh pulled out a razor blade, he later cut of his ear and sent it to a prostitute before being taken to a hospital
What is the composition of the Harlem Hospital Pavillion Facade?
It depicts 3 WPA panels replicated on a 5-story high performance curtain wall facing Lenox Avenue, the images are printed with ceramic ink on glass scrims over window panels and are illuminated by a backlight
What were the architectural features of Ospedale Degli Innocenti?
It had arcades (arch's supported by columns) along with Corinthian columns, and a portico (covered porch)
What are the characteristics of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp?
It introduces narrative by using lighting and figure arrangement, it uses variation of poses and selective lighting to add energy and tension, it uses visceral intimacy (like Baroque art), and a pyramid arrangement of figures (like Renaissance art)
What is the medium of Untitled (Falling Buffalos)?
It is a gelatin sliver print photograph
What is the composition of St. Sebastian Interceding For the Plague Stricken?
It is a multi-panel altarpiece that depicts different scenes from St. Sebastian's life
What does Without Hope (Sin Esperanza) depict?
It is a self-portrait
What is the significance of the entangled coats in Maud Reading in Bed?
It represents their relationship
What is the meaning of The Triumph of Death?
It shows the indiscriminate nature of mortality, the transience of life, and the idea that love and money cannot save you from death
What was the signs and of Ospedale Degli Innocenti?
It was a public symbol of the guild's good work and is considered the first prominent example of new Renaissance architecture
What was the purpose of Mr. and Mrs. I.N. Phelps Stokes?
It was a wedding gift for the couple from James A . Scrim set
What event wiped out 1/3 of Europe's population by 1351?
The plague
Who was Francis Seymour Haden?
James Abbott McNeill Whistler's brother in law who helped foster his love of art
Who was Maud Franklin?
James Abbott McNeill Whistler's mistress and the subject of many of his paintings
Who did John Singer Sargent share and studio with?
James Carroll Beckwith who introduced him to other American artists
Who was Dr. Etienne-Jean Georget a student of?
Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol
Which two artists made the female nude central to art and art instruction?
Jean-Léon Gérôme and Alexander Cabanel
What work is Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) The Mother of Modern Medicine similar to?
John Singer Sargent's portrait of Isabella Stewart Gardner
Who invented antiseptic surgery?
Joseph Lister
What does Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) The Mother of Modern Medicine depict?
Lacks in a floral dress with a straw hat that resembles and halo and she is holding a Bible
Where do the French words in Agnes Meyer come from?
Le Petit Larousse
What was Filippo Brunelleschi known for?
Linear perspective
What were two of Charles Alston's most significant murals?
Magic in Medicine and Modern Medicine
What John Singer Sargent work was displayed at the Paris Salon of 1879?
The portrait of his teacher Carolus-Duran
Who did Théodore Géricault study under?
Pierre-Narcisse Guérin follower of Jacques Louis David
What were the values of the Cult of True Womanhood?
Piety, purity, submission, and domesticity
What disease did Frida Kahlo contract at age six?
Polio
What type of art was Keith Haring most associated with?
Pop art and graffiti
What worlds are inscribed above the Agnes Meyer portrait?
Portrait of a Young American Girl in the State of Nudity written in French
What are some of Kadir Nelson's important works?
Postage stamps honoring the Negro Baseball League and Wilt Chamberlain and the illustrations he did for the book Henry's Freedom Box that won him a Caldecott Honor
How is the influence of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp shown in Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic)??
Realism, directness, and dramatic spotlighting
What is the meaning of Altarpiece?
Religion is an instigating factor in war and Haring confronting his own mortality results in an allusion to the Italian Renaissance
What was the treatment for women with neurasthenia?
Rest cures that consisted of bed rest, no physical or mental activity, being spoon fed milk and soup, and getting massages
What did the perfect geometric order of Ospedale Degli Innocenti reflect?
The rationality of classical architecture
What influential guild was Filipi Brunelleschi a part of?
The silk merchant's guild
What do Francis Picabia's mechanical portraits reflect about 291?
The spirit of experimentation, satire, and the critique of modern art in America
What is the significance fo the characteristics of Agnes Meyer?
The wires resemble a dancer's pose, the use of the spark plug resents that Agnes Meyer was thought to be the 'spark' of the Stieglitz group and it references Francis Picabia and Agnes Meyer's shared love of carts, the new machine aesthetic blurs gender distinction, and the use of a machine in place of a body prevents fetishizing
How is Edith Minturn Stokes depicted in Mr. and Mrs. I.N. Phelps Stokes?
She is like a Gibson Girl, she portrays health, vivacity, looks athletic, and ready to take on the world
What are the characteristics of the woman depicted in The Madwoman?
She looks off to the side, the background is dark, hew clothing is simple, the color is somber, and she has a fixed gaze, red eyes, a rigid mouth, and a furrowed brow that suggest inner life
How is Frida Kahlo depicted in Without Hope (Sin Esperanza)?
She looks young an vulnerable due to the tears in her eyes, her bare shoulders, and her loose hair
What is the significance of the patient's mother in Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic?
She shields her eyes, dramatizes pain, and embodies emotion
Who created rest cures for neurasthenia?
Silas Weir Mitchell
What was William Hogarth known for?
Social commentary engravings
What does the studied panel of St. Sebastian Interceding For the Plague Stricken depict?
St. Sebastian pleading with God due to the plague in 7th century Pavia, an angel and demon facing off in the sky, plague victims, priest, mourners, death carts, and dead bodie
What were the characteristics of David Wojnarowicz's early work?
Street stencils of burning homes
What are the characteristics of the sculptural medallions of Ospedale Degli Innocenti?
Ten glazed medallions that sit in the spandrels of the arches of the building
What Caravaggio technique influenced The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp?
Tenebrism or contrasting darkness and dramatic spotlighting
What does the war of the dead vs living a reference to in Bruegel's Triumph of Death?
Tensions in the Netherlands that lead to the Eighty Years War and the spread of the plague
What was Keith Haring known for?
The "radiant baby"
What is the Rake's pose in Illustration of Bedlam from a Rake's Progress based on?
The 1676 statues by Caius Gabriel Cibben called Melancholic Madness and Raving Madness that mark the entrance to Bethlehem Hospital
What exhibit was Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic) rejected from?
The 1876 Centennial exhibit in Philadelphia for being too graphic
When did models of the body move from the ideal to the real?
The 20th century
What was Rembrandt Van Rijn's first major commission in Amsterdam?
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
Who ran healthcare before the Enlightenment?
The Catholic Church
What two elements of The Starry Night create paired verticality?
The Cyprus tree and the church spire
Why was St. Sebastian prayed to for plague protection?
The Gold Legend says that a town erected an altar for him and was cured of the plague
Who was The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp commissioned by?
The Guild of Surgeons for their boardroom
Who were the most powerful art patrons of the Renaissance era?
The Medicis
What political group did Frida Kahlo join in 1927?
The Mexican Communist Party
What school did Frida Kahlo attend?
The National Preparatory School
What was Vincent Van Gogh's first major work?
The Potato Eaters
What group did Francis Picabia join in 1911?
The Puteaux Group (Section d'Or)
Who commissioned Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) The Mother of Modern Medicine and why?
The TV network HBO because they aired a film about her produced by and starring Oprah in 2017
What is the meaning of the characteristics of A Reading?
The atmospheric veils of color are characteristic of tonalism, both figures are in their won worlds, the women embody neurasthenia with their languid posture and tired expressions, the space is melancholic and still, and the languid figures create a mode of aesthetic contemplation
What symbolism is present in Without Hope (Sin Esperanza)?
The bed cover pattern resembles cells which shows that the work encompasses microscopic matter, the microscopic matter represents her interest in science that was derailed by the bus crash, the funnel is a grotesque take on the "horn of plenty" and the barren landscape references Dali and Giorgio de Chirico
What is physiognomy?
The belief that physical appearances can diagnose mental disorders
What aspect of St. Sebastian Interceding For the Plague Stricken represents the fear of the return of the plague?
The contemporary dress of the villagers and the appearance of Pavia being based on Avignon
What is the meaning of The Starry Night?
The contrast between the chaotic sky and the quiet village show that human experience is slight compared to the vast universe and the painting shows how landscape can express emotion
What is the meaning of Untitled (Falling Buffalos)?
The hopeless fate of the buffalos and the mass slaughter of buffalos is a metaphor for negligent AIDS policies and it is supposed to depict a marginalized group driven to the edge of extinction
What is Japonisme?
The influence of Japanese art
What symbolism is present in Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) The Mother of Modern Medicine?
There is a visual comparison of art and science, her hands are crossed over her womb where the cells were taken form, the Bible represents her faith, the patterns on her dress and the wall resemble images of cells and represent endless replication, the buttons missing on her dress indicate that the cells were taken without her permission, and the pearl necklace she wears is reminescnat of her tumors
What happened when the Harlem Hospital campus expanded?
There was a demolition of the building that housed significant WPA murals
What is the significance of the two ladies in the final painting of Illustration of Bedlam from a Rake's Progress?
They are representative of the people who would go observe insane asylums for entertainment and they show the contrast between themselves and the miserable patients
Why did Francisco Goya stop the sale of his folios?
They had an unflattering depiction of the Catholic Church
What were the characteristics of Francis Picabia's early works?
They were in the style of Impressionism, and neoimpressionism, and resembled work by Alfred Sisley nad Paul Signac
What aspects of Maud Reading in Bed depict restful contemplation?
Thin washes and the fleeting quality of the paint
What is The Raft of Medusa?
Théodore Géricault's most ambitious work that spans an entire wall, was exhibited at the Salon of 1819, and depicts the true story of the shipwreck of the Medusa
What does the final painting of Illustration of Bedlam from a Rake's Progress depict?
Tom after he has descended into madness and has ended up at the notorious insane asylum Bethlehem Hospital or Bedlam
What does the first painting of Illustration of Bedlam from a Rake's Progress depict?
Tom after his father dies being measured for new clothes while servants around him mourn and he rejects his pregnant fiancée Sarah Young
What does A Reading depict?
Two women sitting at a square table in a sparsely decorated room, one woman holds a flower, the other holds a book
What school did Francis Picabia attend and who did he study?
Écolde des Ats Decoratifs and he studied Fernan Cormon
What techniques did Vincent Van Gogh experiment with in Paris?
Visible brushwork and impasto
What was the treatment for men with neurasthenia?
West cures that consisted of vigorous activity and going to live with cowboys and ranch hands
Who were the artists that inspired Keith Haring?
William S. Burroughs, Alchinisky, and Christo
Who was Edith Minturn Stokes originally supposed to be painted with and why did it change?
With her Great Dane but he was unavailable so Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes filled in where the dog would have been
What were two major Francisco Goya paintings that focused on mental illness?
Yard with Lunatics and The Madhouse
