Accident Causation Theory and Model
Incident
Any unplanned or undesired event that results in harm to people, damage to property or loss to process
Herbert W. Heinrich
Person who introduced the Domino Theory
Frank E. Bird
Person who introduced the Loss Causation Model.
Accident Causation Models
Model developed to assist safety officers or safety committees to investigate and identify the causes of the occupational accidents effectively
Bird's Loss Causation Model
A model consisting of five elements (lack of control, basic causes, immediate causes, incident loss) in a domino-based sequence of event leading to eventual loss
Heinrich's Domino Theory
A model consisting of five elements (social environment and ancestry, fault of person, unsafe acts, accidents, injuries) in a singular sequential linear causation trend of accident
Unsafe act
Include factors pertaining to the worker, such as improper attitude, lack of knowledge, lack of skills and inadequate physical and mental conditions
Unsafe condition
Include improper guarding of other hazardous work elements and degradation of equipment through use and unsafe procedures
Multi-causation Accident Model
The understanding and finding that an accident or incident is not caused by a single cause, but caused by multiple causes
Incident Prevention
To avoid workers from being injured, and as a result, suffer financial loss, disability, extreme pain and even death