ACHS HLTH 101 Module 6: Cancer, Cardiovascular Health and Immunity

Which of the following statements is true?

A thrombus is a clot that travels throughout the circulatory system. Younger people are more likely than older people to have extensive arterial plaques. Atherosclerosis occurs most often in the arteries of the arms and hands. Cholesterol accumulates where the inner lining of arteries have been injured.

Which of the following statements is true?

An embolus does not move through the bloodstream. The incidence of atherosclerosis increases with age. Coronary artery disease is the only type of cardiovascular disease. Plaques thin blood vessel walls, weakening the arteries.

Which of the following statements is true?

An embolus travels through the bloodstream. The incidence of atherosclerosis decreases with age. Rheumatic heart disease is a complication of measles. Atherosclerosis begins to develop late in life.

_______ cancer is the leading cancer killer of American women.

Breast Ovarian Lung Uterine

_______ is cancer of the blood.

Carcinoma Leukemia Sarcoma Glioma

Which of the following statements is true?

Certain bacteria produce toxins that can cause noncommunicable infectious diseases such as food intoxication. Fortunately for humans, no bacteria normally reside on the skin or inhabit the body. Staphylococcal food poisoning usually occurs when people drink untreated water. Commercially canned, high-acid foods are often contaminated with Clostridium botulinum.

Which of the following infections is caused by a rickettsia?

Common cold Rocky Mountain spotted fever AIDS Salmonella food poisoning

_______ is a fatal genetic disease that affects only boys.

Diabetes mellitus Scarlet fever Duchenne muscular dystrophy Carpal tunnel syndrome

Which of the following examinations involves the use of a fiber optic tube that is moved through the entire length of the colon?

Digital rectal exam Colonoscopy Cystoscopic exam Sigmoidoscopy

Which of the following statements is true?

Down syndrome and Duchenne muscular dystrophy are infectious diseases. Younger women have a greater risk of having a baby with Down syndrome than women over 30 years of age. In the United States, cystic fibrosis is the most common inherited disease that affects Jews and Asian Americans. The chance of having a baby with Down syndrome increases with maternal age.

Physicians use this medical term for "heart attack."

Endometrial failure Cardiac defibrillation Myocardial infarction Carotid aneurysm

Which of the following characteristics is a risk factor for breast cancer in women?

Having large breasts Experiencing one's first menstrual period at age 13 or older Being older than 40 years of age Having three or more children

Which of the following viruses are associated with the risk of cervical cancer?

Hepatitis B virus Cytomegalovirus Epstein-Barr virus Human Papillomavirus

Which of the following diseases is the most common lethal genetic disease that affects Caucasians?

Huntington's disease Cystic fibrosis Carpal tunnel syndrome Asthma

Which of the following statements about hypertension is false?

In most cases, doctors can easily identify the cause of hypertension. The rate of hypertension is greater among African Americans and Latino populations. Hypertension may have a genetic link. The risk of hypertension is greater among those who smoke cigarettes.

_______ are hair-like structures that project from the surfaces of cells that line the upper respiratory tract.

Leukocytes Vectors Lysozymes Cilia

Which of the following actions is an example of acquiring passive immunity naturally?

Receiving an injection of antibodies Obtaining antibodies from breast milk while being breast-fed Recovering from the chickenpox Being immunized with a vaccine developed from plasma

Which of the following tissues is not a portal of entry for pathogens?

Skin Mucous membranes Pancreas Mouth

_______ botulinum produces a deadly toxin that may be found in improperly home-canned, low-acid foods.

Staphylococcus Streptococcus Legionnella Clostridium

Which of the following infections is transmitted by ticks?

Strep throat Rocky Mountain spotted fever Ringworm Genital herpes

Which of the following statements is true?

The heart muscle is nourished by blood when it is in the heart's chambers. Stroke is the leading cause of death in the United States. Atherosclerosis is most serious when it develops in the blood vessels that supply the feet. In many cases of coronary artery disease, fatty deposits in the arteries block the blood supply to parts of the heart muscle.

Which of the following statements about heart disease is false?

The pain of angina pectoris is less severe than the pain of a heart attack. Many heart attack victims experience denial and delay seeking medical attention. Ten percent of persons suffering heart attacks die before they reach an emergency room. Heart attack pain lasts longer than angina pain.

_______ surgery is a procedure that is frequently used to treat blocked coronary arteries.

Thrombectomy with defibrillation Coronary artery bypass graft Lipodystrophy Tubal ligation

Which of the following substances has been found to have a protective effect against colorectal cancer?

Trans fat Aspirin Homocysteine Penicillin

Although gonorrhea is curable, re-infection is possible.

True False

Although the reasons are unclear, a small daily dose of aspirin increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

True False

Antibiotics are highly effective treatments against viral infections.

True False

Breast cancer does not occur in males.

True False

During cardiac arrest, the heart stops beating.

True False

Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

True False

Exercise can lower blood pressure and increase HDL levels.

True False

High blood levels of low-density lipoproteins are associated with a low risk of atherosclerosis.

True False

Lung cancer generally develops soon after a person starts smoking.

True False

Men are more prone to pelvic inflammatory disease than women.

True False

People who are older than the age of 50 years are immune to sexually transmitted infections and other infectious diseases.

True False

Physicians should discontinue LDL-lowering therapy for patients over 75 years.

True False

Which of the following activities is a good way to transmit a communicable disease?

Using a handkerchief to cover your mouth when coughing Sneezing while around other people Avoiding infected people Washing hands frequently

Which of the following pathogens are opportunistic?

Viruses Parasitic worms Bacteria Fungi

An abnormal heart beat is called an:

aneurysm. infarction. aorta. arrhythmia.

Phil's left carotid artery is almost 80% blocked by plaque. His physician may recommend _______ to remove the plaque from the interior of the artery.

angiography defibrillation grafting atherectomy

Disease-causing agents of infection are called:

antigens. pathogens. interferons. immunogens.

Arterial plaques:

are the result of dental decay. increase the elasticity of arteries. contribute to hardening of the arteries. protect arteries from damage.

The upper chambers of the heart are called:

atria. ventricles. capillaries. arteries.

All the following are dietary recommendations for reducing cancer risk except:

avoiding alcohol. eating five or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day. limiting consumption of red meats and processed meats. choosing foods that help maintain a healthy weight.

Most STIs are caused by:

bacteria and viruses. protozoans and mites. mites and bacteria. insects and protozoans.

Olivia's heart stopped beating during a surgical procedure. Immediately, the surgeon ______ her heart, and the organ began beating normally again.

bypassed defibrillated sequestered stented

The lower chambers of the heart are called:

capillaries. atria. ventricles. arteries.

Over time, a group of cells experiences damage to their genetic material. As a result, the cells grow and divide out of control, turning cancerous. According to this information, these cells have:

carcinogenized. mutated. activated. hypertrophied.

A cancer that arises in the skin, breast, or colon is a:

carcinoma. lymphoma. lipoma. sarcoma.

All of the following statements are true, except:

chromosomal damage can result from exposure to X-rays. after age 30, a woman's risk of having a baby with Down syndrome decreases dramatically. exposure to toxic chemicals can damage the hereditary material in cells. people can damage their genes by using marijuana and/or LSD.

In addition to coronary artery disease, sudden cardiac death may be due to:

defibrillation. drug abuse. an echocardiogram. high cholesterol.

Angina attacks are frequently brought on by:

drinking cold water. experiencing stress. watching television. relaxing.

Atherosclerosis is characterized by:

elevated levels of copper in the blood. fatty deposits in the walls of arteries. swollen, painful veins in the hands. genetic defects in heart valves.

The _______ test for colorectal cancer detects hidden blood in the stool.

fecal occult blood glucose tolerance prostate-specific antigen Pap

All of the following conditions contribute to the risk of sudden cardiac death, except:

inflammation of the heart. hypertension. drug abuse. a congenital heart muscle defect.

All of the following are characteristic of inherited diseases, except:

inherited diseases are transmitted via genes from parents to offspring. inherited diseases can be passed from sibling to sibling. inherited diseases often occur among close relatives. inherited diseases can occur when genes are defective.

A malignant tumor:

invades surrounding tissues. can be benign. appears to be normal. usually does not metastasize.

A _______ cell is benign but has the potential to develop into a cancer cell.

malignant dysplastic suppressed tumorigenic

Cancer cells that have spread are:

malignant. benign. carcinogenic. mutagenic.

Monika is 45 years of age. Although she performs a breast self-exam each month, her physician recommends that she undergo a _______ every year to detect breast cancer.

mammography sigmoidoscopy colonoscopy laparoscopy

Certain cells in the body secrete _______ to keep membranes moist and to trap foreign particles and organisms.

mucus cerebrospinal fluid synovial fluid rennin

Genes that slow the growth of cells are called:

oncogenes. tumor-suppressor genes. halter genes. cocarconogenes.

A vector is a(n):

organ of the immune system. nonhuman organism that transmits disease. treatment that provides passive immunity. type of virus that contains DNA.

During the _____ test for colorectal cancer, a physician views the lower portion of the colon.

pap t prostate-specific antigen self-examination sigmoidoscopy

People with sickle cell trait have:

sickle cell disease. shortened life spans. resistance to malaria. breathing difficulties.

Oncogenes:

speed cell growth. limit with cell growth and development. suppress the growth of benign tumors. kill malignant cells.

An example of a mechanical barrier to pathogens is:

stomach acid. intact skin. lysozyme in tears. a condom.

The consumption of _______ is a primary risk factor for developing colorectal cancer.

sweet potatoes ripe bananas fat-free milk red meat

Physicians often use the anti-estrogen drug _______ to treat breast cancer.

tamoxifen progesterone Herceptin Benicar

The pain of angina pectoris is typically felt in or near all of the following parts of the body, except:

the left shoulder and arm. the breastbone. the right hand. the jaw.

Ben is a 3-year-old boy who is unable to talk or walk because of an inherited disease that causes muscles to deteriorate and only affects boys. Ben's physician predicts the child is likely to die as a result of respiratory problems before he is 30 years old, unless a cure is found for the condition. Based on this information, Ben suffers from:

type 1 diabetes mellitus. Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Huntington's disease. cystic fibrosis.

Jenna works in a convenience store. While at work, she stands for long periods. Based on this information, Jenna has an increased risk of:

varicose veins. arrhythmia. cystic fibrosis. revascularization.

Physicians can screen people for skin cancer by:

visual examination. bariatric measurement. kinetic examination. internal spectrography.

Physicians often use ________therapy to treat late-stage breast cancer.

vitamin natural hormonal alternative