Acids and Bases
Binary Acids
(2 elements - H and something else)
Tertiary Acids
(3 elements - H and a polyatomic ion)
What is the pH of a 0.0825 M solution of HBr?
1.08
A volume of 20.00 mL of a solution of HNO3 having an unknown concentration is titrated with 34.37 mL of a 0.8220M solution of NaOH. What is the concentration of the HNO3 solution?
1.413M HNO3
Determine the H3O+ concentration in a solution of pH 8.83.
1.48 x 10 -9 M
If [OH-] = 6.0 x 10 -3 M, what is the concentration of [H3O+]?
1.7 x 10 -12 M
What is the pOH of a solution with a pH of 4?
10 (pH + pOH = 14)
What volume of of a 1.366M solution of NaOH would be require to titrate 47.22 mL of a 2.075 M solution of H2SO4?
143.5 Ml
Write the chemical equation showing the self-ionization of water.
2H2O <--> H3O+ + OH-
If the pH of your solution is 5.2, what is the [H3O+]?
6.3 x 10 -6 M
What is the pOH of a solution of 3.00 x 10 -5 M HCl?
9.48
Amphoteric
A substance that can act as either a Bronsted-Lowry acid or base. Water is amphoteric: H2O + H2O OH- + H3O+ (one H2O loses an H+, the other gains one)
If a solution has a pH of 2, is it an acid, a base, or neutral?
Acid
In the following reaction, identify the acid and the base, using the Bronsted-Lowry definition. H3PO4 + NO2- <--> HNO2 + H2PO4-
Acid - H3PO4, Base - NO2
What is the term for a substance that is considered both an acid and a base according to the Bronsted-Lowry definition?
Amphoteric
Arrhenius acid
Anything that will increase the concentration of H+ (and therefore H3O+) ions when dissolved in water.
Arrhenius base
Anything that will increase the concentration of OH- (hydroxide) ions in water when dissolved. Ex. NaOH Na+ + OH-
If a solution has a concentration of 7.4, is it an acid, a base, or neutral?
Base
In the following reaction, identify the conjugate acid and base: NH3 + H2O <--> NH4+ + OH-
Conj. Acid - NH4+ Conj. Base - OH-
Bases accept H+ and become ___________ acids.
Conjugate
What is the point in a titration when the amount of added base exactly equals the amount of acid or base originally in the solution?
Equivalence Point
What is the formula for chromic acid?
H2CrO4
H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 --> ?
H2O + BaSO4
What is the formula for phosphoric acid?
H3PO4
Give an example of a triprotic acid.
H3PO4, H3PO3
What is the formula of hydroiodic acid?
HI
Write the formula for permanganic acid?
HMnO4
What is the name of HF?
Hydroflouric Acid
What is the name of H3O+?
Hydronium Ion
What is the name of H2S?
Hydrosulfuric Acid
Titration
Is a process used by chemists to determine the unknown concentration of an acid or base.
What is the abbreviation for the acid ionization constant?
Ka
Write the Ka expression for the following reaction: H2O (l) + CH3COOH (aq) <--> H3O+(aq) + CH3COO- (aq)
Ka = [H3O+][CH3COO-]/[CH3COOH]
Write the Kb (base ionization constant) expression for the following reaction: NH3(g) + H2O(l) <--> NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]
Write the equilibrium expression for Kw.
Kw = [H+][OH-] or Kw = [H3O+][OH-]
If you reach the equivalence point using phenolphthalein indicator, what color will your solution be?
Light Pink
Is the following molecule monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic: CH3COOH?
Monoprotic, it splits into CH3COO- and H+ (only one hydrogen splits off)
What is the formula for ammonia?
NH3
A solution with equal concentrations of of OH-, and H3O+ is called __________?
Neutral
If a solution has a concentration of 7, is it an acid, a base, or neutral?
Neutral
What is the name of H2C204
Oxalic Acid
Name this compound: H3PO
Phosphorous Acid
What does "diprotic" mean?
Refers to an acid that will donate two H+ ions per molecule when dissolved in water.
Buffers
Solutions that resist change in pH. Is a solution of a weak acid and one of it's salts (or a weak base/salt pair)
In a titration, what do you call the solution with the known concentration?
Standard Solution
The acid or base is reacted with a corresponding base or acid with a known concentration, called a ____________
Standard solution
Bronsted-Lowry Base
Substance that accepts a proton (H+) in a reaction. Ex. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- (NH3 is the Bronsted-Lowry base
Bronsted-Lowry Acid
Substance that donates or loses a proton (H+) in a reaction. Ex. HCl + H2O Cl- + H3O+ (HCl is the Bronsted-Lowry acid)
Titration is used to find what?
The concentration of an acid or a base.
The solution in the buret is called the _______
Titrant
In a neutralization reaction, an acid and a base react to produce __________?
Water & Salt
Name one amphoteric substance.
Water, Ammonia
What is the concentration of OH- ions in a neutral solution?
[OH-] = 1x10 -7
What formula do you use to find pOH?
pOH = -log[OH-]
