Acids, Bases, and Salts
pOH=?
-log([OH-])
Kw=Keq[HOH]^2=?
1 x 10^(-14) Molar (M)
What is the pH scale?
1(acidic) <--> 7(neutral) <--> 14(basic) pH=-log([H3O+])
When a salt and a salt react together, what is produced?
A strong acid, a weak base, a metal, and the BS+-+- ion. I'm obviously kidding. Another salt and another salt are produced.
What is a pH indicator?
A substance that changes color at a certain pH
What is the name of HC2H3O2 Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Acetic acid is a weak acid
What's probably the most significant thing that the B-L concept allows?
Acid/Base chemistry to happen outside of water. Plus, we can account for the fact that the acid species in an aqueous solution is the H3O+ ion
The chemists Bronstead and Lowry expanded the Arrhenius acids and bases to be what are now called Bronstead-Lowery (B-L) acids and bases. What is the difference between a B-L acid and B-L base?
Acids DONATE H+ ions Bases ACCEPT H+ ions
Define (mono/di/tri/poly)protic acids.
Acids that produce 1, 2, 3, or more than 2 H+ ions upon dissociation in a solution.
With which of the following can acids react? Active metals; Inactive metals; Metal hydroxides; Metal oxides; Carbonates; Bicarbonates; Ammonia; Amines
Active metals, Metal hydroxides, Metal oxides, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Ammonia, Amines
What is the name of NH4OH Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Ammonium hydroxide is a weak base
What is an amphiprotic acid?
An acid that can either donate or accept H+ ions and can thusly be either an acid or base
What is a salt?
An ionic compound that contains any positive ion except for the H3O+ ion and any negative ion except for the OH- ion
When a salt and a base react together, what is produced?
Another salt and another base
When a salt and metal react together, what is produced?
Another salt and another metal
How might we classify acids with respect to the H+ ion?
Based upon the number of H+ ions produced per molecule upon dissociation in a solution.
What is the name of H3BO3 Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Boric acid is a weak acid.
What are the two characteristics of a buffer?
Buffers have an effective pH, and an extent to which they can prevent change in pH - the buffer capacity
When acids react with (bi)carbonates, what is produced?
CO2, salt, HOH
What is the name of H2CO3 Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Carbonic Acid is a weak acid
What is normality (N)?
Equivalent of solute per liter of solution
Free H+ ions can exist in water
False.
HOH (acid) + HOH(base) =? Keq=?
H3O+ (acid) + OH- (base) Keq=[H3O+][OH-]/([HOH]^2)
What is dissociation?
How much something breaks apart into its ions.
What is the name of Hbr? Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Hydrobromic acid is a strong acid.
What is the name of HCl? Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.
What is the name of HI? Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Hydroiotic acid is a strong acid.
What pH levels are deadly to humans?
If pH<6.8 or pH>7.8
How do weak acids react?
In a way that causes equilibrium.
How might salt affect the pH of a solution?
It can raise, lower, or not affect it
What dictates if an acid or base is strong or weak?
Its % dissociation
What is Ka?
Ka=Keq[HOH]=[H3O+][A-]/[HA]=[Products]/[Reactants] Ka is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid in water into the H3O+ ion and an anion
What is the name of Ba(OH)2? Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Lithium Hydroxide is a strong base.
What is the name of LiOH? Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Lithium Hydroxide is a strong base.
Upon what does dissociation depend?
Molecular structure, polarity and strength of individual bonds, and the identity of the acid or base
What's the relationship between N and molarity (M)?
N = (# H3O+ ions or OH- ions produced) x M
What is the name of HNO3? Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Nitric acid is a strong acid.
Must water be one of the reactants?
Nope
What is the name of HclO4? Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Perchloric acid is a strong acid.
What is the name of KOH Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Potassium Hydroxide is a strong base.
How do we experience bases?
Slippery/soapy, bitter, turn red litmus paper to blue, some greases dissolve in base solution
What is the name of NaOH? Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Sodium Hydroxide is a strong base.
What percent dissociation do strong salts have?
Soluble salts always do, so have a 100% dissociation, and insoluble salts never do, so have a 0% dissociation. The terms "strong" and "weak" are not used with salts.
How do we experience acids?
Sour, turn blue litmus paper to red, Zn and Fe dissolve in it and they liberate H2 gas
In what groups are strong bases? And of what ion are they?
Strong bases are hydroxide of groups IA and IIA
What is an Arrhenius Acid?
Substance that releases H+ ions in a solution of water
What is an Arrhenius Base?
Substance that releases OH- ions in water
What is the name of H2SO4? Is it a strong or weak acid or base?
Sulfuric acid is a strong acid.
What does [A] mean?
The concentration of A
What is the driving force for reaction to occur?
The formation of a solid
What are equivalents (eq)?
The number of moles of positive charge after the dissociation of a compound
Explain how a polyprotic acid dissociates.
The original acid reacts and produces a H+ ion, then the remaining acid reacts and produces a H+ ion, etc. until you are left with only ions.
What happens to a solution of pH 7.0 wen a neutral salt reacts with pure water?
The pH level remains unchanged
What is titration?
The process in which a base is added to an acid until the acid is neutralized?
What's the difference between the acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, and ionization constant?
There isn't one, and they're all represented by Ka
Are hydroxides of group IIIA strong or weak acids or bases?
They are weak bases
What's the general idea for how weak acids react with water? Why is this so?
They usually split off into their respective ion an the hydronium ion, because weak acids dissociate only slightly
When do you stop titration?
V(acid)N(acid)=V(base)N(base)
How are buffers made?
When a weak acid and the salt of a weak acid react
What is a neutralization reaction?
When an acid and base react to produce salt and water.
Do weak acids have a Ka? If so, how large is it?
Yes, and it's small. Ka values are larger for stronger acids (the numerator is greater)
Is a solid a driving force?
Yup.
pK=?
pH + pOH -log(K)
Run me through the process of dealing with these equations.
1. Balance the molecular equation 2.Expand the molecular equation into the ionic equation (remember: soluble compounds - soluble salts, strong acids, strong bases - dissociate 100%) 3. Net ionic equation (eliminate the spectator ions [the ones that are there to begin and end with]) 4. Keep weak acids, weak bases, insoluble salts, all insoluble substances, all soluble covalent substances, and water (when it is the solvent) in molecular form
% dissociation of strong acids and bases in water?
100
What is the pH of blood?
7.4
What is a H+ ion, anyway?
A H atom with its proton but without its electron.
What is a B-L base?
A proton acceptor.
What is a B-L acid?
A proton donor.
What is a neutral salt?
A salt that is produced by a strong acid and strong base
What is a basic salt?
A salt that is produced by a strong base and weak acid.
What is an acidic salt?
A salt that is produced by a weak base and a strong acid
What is a buffer?
A solution whose pH hardly changes when H3O+ or OH- is added to it
