ACSM DOMAIN I- INITIAL CLIENT CONSULT & ASSESSMENT

Which of the following cardiac variables will increase as a result of regular aerobic training at a submaximal effort?

Arteriovenous oxygen difference In response to training, the amount of oxygen extracted by the active muscles increases. This reflects the difference between the oxygen content of arterial blood and the oxygen content of venous blood. p. 155.

The resistance is in the center when describing a _______ lever.

Class 2

Ankle edema may be indicative of which of the following?

Congestive heart failure Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins of the lower leg cannot pump enough blood back to the heart. p. 285.

Which of the following assesses the number of pros and cons perceived about adopting and maintaining an activity?

Decisional balance Decisional balance allows assessment of the pros and cons of behavior change. p. 201.

Which sport is performed primarily in the aerobic-oxidation system?

Cycling Exercises that require oxygen and are done over a long period of time, longer than 3 minutes, work primarily in the aerobic-oxidative system. p. 141

The most common manifestation of muscle injury is ________.

Delayed onset muscle soreness The most common manifestation of muscle injury is delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS]. DOMS symptoms are a first sign that the individual has done too much too soon. p. 366.

The best types of stretches to include in a warm-up for walking or cycling are:

Dynamic A proper warm-up for long, steady state exercise includes dynamic stretching as you do not want to perform other types of stretching that does not prepare the body for more intense exercise. p. 402.

Which movement occurs in the frontal plane?

Elevation of the of the scapula With the exception of tilt, all other movements of the scapula occur in the frontal plane. Note that elbow flexion and hip flexion occur in the sagittal plane and supination occurs in the transverse plane p. 43

Which of the following muscles exerts an upward pull on the posterior surfaces of the pelvis resulting in a neutral pelvic position?

Erector spinae The erector spinae is an agonist in spinal extension. When strong, these muscles will also exert an upward pull of the posterior surface to counteract anteverted pelvis, resulting in a neutral spine. p. 59.

Which of the following is MOST accurate regarding Goal Setting Theory?

Goals bring focus and energy toward the desired behavior Goal setting theory is based on the premise that setting a particular goal will provide the appropriate attention, energy, and effort needed to reach the goal. p. 209.

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation are possible joint actions found in the:

Hip joint The hip joint is a multi-axial joint and has 3° of freedom. Thus, it is able to perform action in all planes. Note that circumduction is a combination of adduction, abduction, flexion, and extension. p. 52.

Which of the following is a chronic benefit of regular cardiovascular exercise?

Increased exercise threshold for the onset of disease signs and symptoms Increased exercise threshold for the onset of disease signs and symptoms is a chronic exercise response. p. 401

The study of the mechanics of human movement is called:

Kinesiology. This is a basic definition of kinesiology. p. 43.

Which of the following is the MOST important rationale for a cool-down phase?

Prevents blood pooling in the extremities A gradual cool-down period will allow heart rate and blood pressure to return to pre-exercise levels and prevent blood pooling. p. 468.

During the concentric phase of extension at the knee joint, the ________ work as an agonist and the ________ work as the antagonist.

Quadriceps, hamstrings The quadriceps function as an agonist to extend the knee joint, and the hamstrings function as an antagonist since it functions to flex the knee joint. p. 47

In a sit-to-stand movement, where is the center of gravity?

Shifted over the base of support The initial phase of the sit-to-stand movement involves trunk lean and horizontal weight shift to position the center of gravity over the new base of support (feet), placing the lower extremity in a mechanically advantageous position to stand via hip extension, knee extension, and ankle plantarflexion. p. 46.

The clavicle is _________ to the pelvis.

Superior "Superior" is a basic descriptive term used to describe position of a body part that is above another body part or refers to an upper surface of an organ or structure. p. 44

____________ is the pressure exerted on the arterial wall during the ventricular contraction phase.

Systolic blood pressure Systole is the force that is produced by the left ventricle as it pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. p. 134.

Rotational movements are measured using ________.

Torque

To fully stretch the quadriceps, the hip joint must be ________ and the knee joint ________.

extended; flexed The principles of flexibility require that the muscle be placed in a lengthened position [opposite of the muscle action]. Since the quadriceps functions flex the hip joint and extend the knee joint, it is stretched when the hip joint is extended and the knee joint is flexed. p. 443