Adaptation And Simple Organisms Unit Guide

Some types of bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes under ideal conditions. If a single bacterium begins to reproduce at this rate, what is the best estimate of how many bacterial cells there will be after 80 minutes?

40

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, in which order do the steps of natural selection happen?

A population's environment or location changes, some members survive and reproduce, and favorable traits are passed on to offspring.

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, how are the finches that live on the Galapagos Islands similar to members of a family tree?

All of the finches share common ancestors.

Simone drew a diagram to compare eubacteria and archaebacteria. Which label belongs in the area marked X?

Are prokaryotes

In fungi, which is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction as compared to sexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction requires ideal environmental conditions.

Which characteristic do euglenoids and algae share?

Both can be autotrophic.

How were Lamarck's and Darwin's ideas most similar?

Both stated that traits were passed on to offspring.

Over time, the mushrooms that grow in a certain forest have been overharvested by humans. As a result, the number of mushrooms in the area has decreased dramatically. How will this most likely affect the environment?

Dead plant and animal waste will build up on the forest floor, attracting pesky insects and scavengers.

A bacteria called E. coli is found in different kinds of foods, including beef. Thoroughly cooking beef can help prevent infections caused by E. coli. Which conclusion is best supported by this information?

E. coli is a harmful bacteria that can be killed by high temperatures.

How does cellular respiration explain why animals breathe rapidly when they are running?

Energy is used up while running, and cellular respiration needs oxygen to produce more energy.

All protists are classified into which domain?

Eukarya

A population of rabbits inhabits an island that has an active volcano. The volcano erupted and covered the island destroying most of the food resources available for animals living in the area. As the island recovers, the soil no longer allows for these food resources to grow. How will this most likely affect the rabbit population on the island?

Few rabbits will be able to find food, so the population will die off and become extinct.

Darwin observed that finches on the Galapagos Islands have different kinds of beaks. Which conclusion is best supported by his observations?

Finch 4 is adapted to eat small insects that live in tiny holes.

Which describes the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?

It is a reactant, so it enters the plant.

Which statement describes the role of a mitochondrion in providing a body with energy?

It is the site where oxygen combines with small molecules and releases large amounts of energy.

Which descriptions of evolution are accurate?

It occurs over many generations. It applies to an entire population. It happens at the genetic level.

Li Ming thinks that chlorophyll is a reactant of photosynthesis, but her classmate Julian disagrees. Who is correct, and why?

Julian is correct because chlorophyll is neither used up nor formed in the chemical reaction of photosynthesis.

Which scientist first named humans Homo sapiens?

Linnaeus

Which scientist proposed the idea of studying humans as groups rather than as individuals?

Malthus

How has the discovery of DNA affected the classification of protists? Select three options.

Many scientists want to get rid of the kingdom Protista. Some organisms have been moved out of the kingdom Protista. Some organisms have been moved into the kingdom Protista.

Producers of many mouthwash brands claim that using mouthwash prevents tooth decay. What is the best conclusion regarding these mouthwash brands and bacteria in the mouth?

Mouthwash contains ingredients that kill harmful bacteria.

Which idea did Linnaeus contribute to the theory of evolution?

Organisms can be classified based on similar traits.

Jeremy listed the steps involved in one stage of photosynthesis. 1 - Water enters the plant.2 - Carbon dioxide enters the plant.3 - Sunlight is captured by the plant. Which label best classifies all three of these steps?

Reactants are gathered in chloroplasts.

Which statement best describes reproduction among bacteria under ideal conditions?

Reproduction is asexual and occurs at a rapid rate.

Which describes vestigial structures and how they relate to evolution?

Snakes have tiny internal hind leg bones, indicating that they likely descended from lizards.

Suppose a species of snake is living in a certain area. Some of the snakes in the population are black and some are orange. Over time, the area changes and the orange snakes have a harder time blending into the environment. This makes it difficult for the orange snakes to catch food. According to Darwin's theory of evolution, what will most likely happen to this snake population over time?

The black snakes will survive and reproduce, passing on their traits to their offspring. Few orange snakes will remain in the population.

Which statements best describe the first stage of cellular respiration?

The stage happens in cytoplasm. Glucose is broken down. Energy is released.

Which best explains why it is difficult to classify protists?

There is a lot of diversity between the organisms.

Which characteristic do all protists have?

They all make or consume food.

Which is a reason that protists are difficult to classify?

They are too small.

What do bacteria and giraffes have in common?

They both grow and develop.

Which best explains why fungi are often called natural recyclers?

They break down rotting materials and return nutrients to the soil.

Which are characteristics of all protists? Select two options.

They have nuclei. They live in moist environments.

Which are characteristics of all bacteria? Check all that apply.

They lack a nucleus.They are prokaryotes.

Pedro listed characteristics of two types of protists in a chart. Two Groups of Protists XY Often multicellularAre usually autotrophicInclude euglenoidsAre heterotrophsReproduce using sporesInclude different molds Which headings best complete the chart?

X: Plant-Like ProtistsY: Fungus-Like Protists

Ricardo listed characteristics of three types of fungi in a chart.

X: Zygote fungiY: Club fungiZ: Sac fungi

In which kingdom do all organisms have cells that lack a cell wall?

animals

Leeches are soft, squishy animals with long, tube-like bodies that are made of many repeating segments. They contain a heart that pumps blood through their bodies and survive by attaching to other organisms and sucking their blood. What animal phylum do leeches belong in?

annelids

Eli is making a diagram to compare plant-like protists and fungus-like protists. Which belongs in the area labeled Y?

are decomposers

Which phrase describes members of the domain Eukarya, but does not describe any members of Bacteria or Archaea?

are multicellular

Yeast reproduce asexually during a process in which a new organism grows from the body of the parent. This type of asexual reproduction is called

budding

Which is a harmful role of bacteria?

causing tooth decay

Corn smut and wheat rust are crop diseases caused by

club fungi

Which list contains only animal phyla?

cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods, echinoderms, chordates

A farmer notices that his lettuce crops are covered in a white film and that the lettuce is being destroyed. Which type of protist is most likely growing on the lettuce?

downy mildew, a fungus-like protist

Which must an animal do in order for cellular respiration to begin?

eat food

Where do most living things get the energy they need for life?

either from food or sunlight

What does food provide to organisms?

energy

All organisms need a place to live that provides

food, water, and protection.

Which substance is used by plants as a source of food?

glusoe

Fungi have characteristics that make them similar to both plants and animals. Which characteristic do fungi share with plants but not animals?

have cell walls

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

light energy, water, and carbon dioxide

Which characteristic is used to categorize the different kinds of animal-like protists?

method of movement

Which characteristic describes all bacteria?

microscopic

Which best describes ideal growing conditions for fungi?

moist and warm

Alexander Fleming discovered a type of

mold that kills bacteria, which led to the development of Penicillin.

The diagram shows a certain type of fungus growing on food. Which best describes what type of fungus this is?

mold, because its spores are produced in round cases at the top of the hyphae

Taya observed a plant that is small and grows close to the ground because it does not have the water transport structures required to grow taller. Which plant phylum did this plant most likely belong to?

mosses

Which list contains only plant phyla?

mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants

Darwin proposed that occurs in an environment by

natural selection

What evidence did Darwin use to support his theory of evolution?

observations of fossils finches on different islands had different types of beaks observations of different species with varying traits

Some bacteria are helpful because they help us breathe by producing

oxygen

Which is a role of helpful bacteria?

producing oxygen

What is an animal-like, unicellular protist called?

protozoan

In which way will energy be used after it leaves the mitochondrion during cellular respiration?

repairing parts of damaged tissue

Which are characteristics of all living things? Select three options.

respond to stimuli can reproduce grow and develop

A scientist observed a fungus and recorded what she saw: • orange in color• found on the surface of a leaf• tightly arranged hyphae• contains cell walls The scientist most likely observed which fungus?

rust, because it has tightly arranged hyphae

Which protist is characterized by a pseudopod?

sarcodine

is a group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can mate.

species

Which is the energy source used to fuel photosynthesis?

sunlight

Which feature of chytrids makes them different from the other types of fungi?

the material that strengthens their cell walls

Plant cells undergo a process called photosynthesis, which uses sunlight to make sugar. Which need does photosynthesis fulfill for plants?

the need for energy

Some types of yogurt are probiotic, meaning they contain active bacteria. Why would someone most likely eat probiotic yogurt?

to increase the amount of helpful bacteria in the body

Which are classified as sac fungi?

truffles, morels, yeast

Which are characteristics of fungi?

usually made of hyphae usually reproduce with spores live in damp environments